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THE LIVES OF THE KINGS

EDITED BY CHARLES WHIBLEY

THE TRIUMPHANT REIGNE OF

KYNG HENRY THE VIII

VOL. I

Limited to 500 numbered copies for
sate in the United Kingdom

No

HENRICVS

'^Ei^£i2_^^'*^- ^iiiM&

HENRY VIU

FROM ALINE ENGFAVING BY CORWELIS MAT3YS.

THE LIVES OF THE KINGS

HENRY VIII

BY EDWARD HALL

WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY

CHARLES WHIBLEY

VOLUME I

LONDON: T. C. & E. C. JACK

34 HENRIETTA STREET, W.C, AND EDINBURGH

1904

EDWARD HALL, the eloquent panegyrist of Henry
VIIL, was born in London towards the end of the
fifteenth century. His parents,^ of gentle birth
and affluent circumstances, gave their son the best educa-
tion that the time afforded, and from Eton he proceeded,
in 1 5 14, to King's College, Cambridge, where he took
his degree in due course. ' In the spurious edition of
Wood's Athena it is claimed that he also studied at Oxford,
but there is no evidence that he visited the other
University, and the credit of his nurture is due to Cam-
bridge alone. After leaving Cambridge, he entered Gray's
Inn, where he speedily became eminent in the practice of the
law. John Bale praises his eloquence and erudition, as well
he might, since they were of the same side both in politics
and theology. ' Edvuardus Hallus,' says the historian of
English writers, ' politioribus a tenera aetate Uteris adornatus,
' ex longo Brytannicarum legum studio, peritissimus evasit.'
Nor did his industry and learning go without their reward.
In 1532 he was appointed Common Serjeant of the City of
London, and presently became a judge in the Sheriff's Court.
Though, like many a greater man than himself, he has
baffled the biographer, his name occurs now and again in the

1 His father was John Hall, of Northall, in Shropshire, while his mother was
Catherine, the daughter and heiress of Thomas Gedding. Herbert, quoted in
Ames's Typographical Antiquities, gives him an august ancestry. ' These Halles,'
says he, 'were of Kinnersley and Northall, in the county of Salop, and descended
from Sir Francis Halle, a natural son of Albert, Archduke of Austria, King of the
Romans, so called from being bom at the city of Halle, in Tyrol.' The statement
is improbable and unsupported.

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records of the time, and it is safe to conclude that his career
was successful, as well as prudent. He was, as Fuller says,
' well-afFected to the Reformation ' ; he adhered, in pro-
sperity as in disaster, to the King's party; and he was
not allowed to suffer for his faithful allegiance. That the
King can do no wrong was the maxim of his life, as of his
book ; and he followed Henry VIII. through the twists
and turns of his tortuous policy with a patient submissive-
ness which was safe, if not always creditable. Not merely
did he approve the ' abolishing ' of the papal power and the
declaration of the King's supremacy ; he made a speech in
the Commons in favour of the Six Articles, that whip with
six strings, as the people called it, which relentlessly undid
the work of reform. His argument was characteristic : ' To
' be short,' said he, ' in chronicles it may be found that the
' most part of ceremonies now used in the Church of
' England were by princes either first invented, or at the
' least established ; and, as we see, the same do till this
' day continue.' Thus he would permit neither the Clergy
to propound and defend its doctrines, nor his fellow-citizens
to exercise their private judgment. Moreover, he closed
his harangue with a text wherewith he was ready to justify
the last cruelties of his sovereign. ' For it is written,'
exclaimed he, ' obey your King.' And he obeyed his King
with a zeal, which he esteemed more highly than the truth,
and which ensured his employment on many delicate occa-
sions. He was one of the London Commissioners appointed
in 1 540 for the suppression of heresy ; he visited Anne
Askew in her cell, in the hope of hearing her recanta-
tion ; and by way of recompense for his many services
he received a grant of Abbey lands, which doubtless was a
solace to his later years. "We last hear of him as Member
of Parliament for Bridgnorth, and in 1547 he died, thus
escaping from the vengeance of Mary, which, had he
,^ survived,

King Henry the VIII.

Vll

survived, would surely have fallen upon him. But the
punishment which he avoided fell upon his family and his
book. In 1555 his father and mother were in Newgate,
receiving letters from John Bradford ' for the testimony of
' the gospel,' while in the same year his book was burned
by the Queen's command, and thus rendered a rarity for
all time.

And perhaps it was fitting that the book should be punished
rather than the man, for the book is by far the more im-
portant. The deeds that were done by Edward Hall are
uncertain and fall short of fame. His Chronicle of England
is a possession for all time. The title justly indicates the
scope and purpose of the book. ' The Union of the two
' noble and illustrate famelies of Lancastre and Yorke,' thus
it runs in the high-sounding terms of Tudor prose, ' beeyng
' long in continual discension for the croune of this noble
' realme, with all the actes done in bothe the tymes of the
' Princes, both of the one linage, and of the other, beginnyng
' at the tyme of Kyng Henry the Fowerth, the first aucthor
' of this devision, and so successively proceadyng to the reigne
' of the high and prudent prince. King Henry the Eight,
' the indubitate flower, and very heire of both the sayd
' linages.' The last words give you a clue to Hall's aim and
ambition. ' The indubitate flower, and very heire of both
' the sayd linages ' : such is the true and only hero of his
book — King Henry VIII. The lives of this sovereign's
predecessors do but lead on to his nobler renown. The
deeds, which they accomplished, are only memorable because
they prepared the way for the mighty achievements of the
most splendid monarch that ever sat upon a throne. In
brief, the Chronicle, so far as the death of Henry VII., is
but a preface. And the author has marked the distinction
with perfect clarity both in style and measure. He did not
handle the facts which he learned from others with the same

fulness

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/

fulness and circumstance wherewith he described the events
of his own time, and the Triumphant Reign of Henry VIII.,
as Hall proudly styles it, is in all respects a separate and
coherent biography.

The twofold nature of the work is illustrated also by the
diverse opinions which the critics have held concerning its
style. It is Roger Ascham, in his Scholemaster, who put
the case against Hall with the greatest ingenuity. He
points out in a well-known passage that some kind of
Epitome may be profitably used by men of skilful judg-
ment : ' as if a wise man,' says he, ' would take Halle's
' Chronicle, where moch good matter is quite marde with
' Indenture Englishe, and first change strange and ink-
' home tearmes into commonlie used wordes : next, specially
* to wede out that, that is superfluous and idle, not
' onlie where words be vainlie heaped one upon an other,
' but also where many sentences, of one meaning, be
' so clowted up together as though M. Hall had bene, not
' writing the storie of England, but varying a sentence in
' Hitching schole.' Thus Ascham ; and then on the other
hand we find Hearne, the Antiquary, and many another critic
praising the ' masculine style ' and direct utterance of the
Chronicle. At first sight it would seem impossible to
reconcile the opposing judgments, but a little thought
will show that both are fair. Until he came to the reign
of Henry VIII., Hall ' compiled and conjoyned ' his work
out of widely-gathered materials. He overlooked none of
the familiar authorities. The French and Latin chronicles,
Hector Boetius, Johannes Major, Jean Bouchet, Polydore
Vergil, who presently equalised the debt by borrowing from
Hall, Trevisa, Sir Thomas More — he knew and quoted
them all ; but, in order to make their matter his own, he
marred it with what Ascham rightly calls 'Indenture
' Englishe.' Restless to contribute something of himself, he
tricked

King Henry the VIII.

IX

tricked out the facts of others in strange terms and bom-
bastic periods. If you compare his Life of Richard III.
with Sir Thomas More's, you will easily discern the process.
The history is the same ; the very phrases are echoed ; but
Hall gives you the impression, in Ascham's excellent words,
that he is ' varying a sentence in Hitching schole.' He
could, when he chose, compose in pedantic English as well as
any of his contemporaries. He could clowt up his sentences
with unsurpassed elaboration, and the early part of his
Chronicle assuredly smells too much of the schools. He had
not yet freed his style from the Latin which was spoken
and written in Gray's Inn. The opening passage of his
book is as good an example as another of the faults which
spoiled his narrative. ' What mischief hath insurged,' thus
the passage runs, ' in realmes by intestine devision, what
' depopulacion hath ensued in countries by civil discencion,
' what detestable murder hath been committed in cities by
' seperate factions, and what calami tee hath ensued in famous
' regions by domesticall discord and unnatural controversy :
' Rome hath felt, Italy can testifie, Fraunce can bear witnes,
' Beame can tell, Scotlande may write, Denmarke can shewe,
' and especially thys noble realme of Englande can apparauntly
' declare and make demonstracion.' Here, indeed, is work
for the writer of Ascham's epitome, who, by cutting away
words and sentences, might have left the matter half as much
in quantity, and twice as good as it was, ' for pleasure and
' commodity.'

But Ascham's censure touches but one side of the
Chronicler's talent. No sooner did Hall write of what he
saw and knew, than his style justifies Hearne's epithet, and
becomes ' masculine.' He says good-bye at once to the stale
artifices of repetition and decoration. He describes the shift-
ing scenes of life, not in ' inkhorne tearmes,' but in vivid
words, which were then, if not now, commonly used. Yet

his

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his Style is never dry nor timid. He can enrich his prose
with precisely the true colour, the proper dignity ; and he
has made the language of pageantry his own. No more do
you smell the oft-trimmed lamp ; you are in the open air,
mingling with the loyal crowd in Chepe, or watching the
King's procession, as it passes majestically through Gracious
Street. In truth, when once he touches upon his own time,
Hall writes like an inspired reporter ; not like the reporter
of to-day, who shuts his eye, and sees in phrases ; but like a
man of letters, unperplexed by the tricks of journalism, who
goes out into the street to see, and writes down the result
with sincere simplicity. Thus he gives you an impression
of life and movement, for which you may ransack the most
of historians in vain. And his sense of picturesqueness
never deserts him. Turn his pages where you will, and
you will find a living scene perfectly realised. Thus, in a
few lines is described Anne Boleyn's appearance at her
coronation : ' Then came the quene in a litter of white
' cloth of golde not covered nor bayled whiche was led by ii.
' palferies clad in white damaske doune to the ground head
' and ail, led by her foetemen. She had on a circot of white
' clothe of Tyssue and a mantle of the same furred with
' Ermyne, her heere hanged doune, but on her head she had
' a coyfFe with a circlet about it ful of riche stones. Over
' her was borne a Canopie of clothe of golde with iiii. gilte
' staves and iiii. silver belles. For bearyng of whiche
' Canapye were appointed xvi. knightes, iiii, to bear it one
' space on foote and other iiii. another space accordyng to
' their owne appointment.' But Hall has the rare tact of
finding the right word, even in the simplest phrases, and
of giving an air of distinction to plain facts. In deploring
the impertinences of the King's minions, they 'were so
' familiar and homely with hym,' says he, ' and plaied such
' light touches with hym that they forgat themselves.' And

when

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XI

when the English fleet sets sail against the French, the King,
as Hall tells us, ' caused Sir Edwarde Hawarde his Admirall
' with all diligence to take the sea, whiche, with all spede
' possible made ready diverse goodly and tal shippes.' The
effect is produced not by Latinisms nor fantastic terms, but
by the right use of a simple, yet dignified, English, the
secret of which was long since lost. Hall, in brief, was
the master of two distinct styles, and Ascham's criticism
leaves unscathed 'The Triumphant Reign of Henry VIII.

The date of the book's appearance is still a matter of
controversy. Tanner declares, in his Bibliotheca Britannica,
that the first edition was printed by Berthelet, and published
in 1542 ; but, if that were so, the burning of the book, in
1555, was so effectively performed that no perfect specimen
of the first edition survived. A supposed fragment of it,
however, has been found in a composite copy belonging to
the University of Cambridge, and pieced together from three
separate editions.^ But, with the scanty evidence before us,
it is impossible to arrive at a dogmatic conclusion whether
Berthelet's edition ever saw the light or not. On the other
hand, concerning Richard Grafton's two editions there is
neither doubt nor difficulty. They appeared in 1548 and
1 550, being printed in part, not from the finished manuscript,
for Hall left his work incomplete, but from the author's
notes. Now Hall, as Grafton tells us, was a man ' in the
' later time of his life not so painful and studious as
' before he had been.' But, in spite of Hall's imperfections,
the editor did not presume to do more than arrange the

1 Another fragment of this mysterious first edition (15+2) has been detected in
a copy bequeathed by Grenville to the British Museum. The colophon bears the
date of 1548, but the main body of the book varies both in text and decoration
from the familiar edition of that year, and it has been suggested that Grafton
used up some of Berthelet's unfinished sheets. It is possible, indeed, that Berthelet
did not complete his edition, and that Grafton acquired, along with Hall's notes,
whatever sheets had been struck from Berthelet's press. However, here is a,
puzzle for the bibliographers, hitherto unsolved, and perhaps insoluble.

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King Henry the VIII.

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Chronicler's own material. ' For as much as a dead man
' is the author thereof,' says he, with laudable candour, ' I
' thought it my duty to suffer his work to be his own, and
' therefore have altered nothing therein.' And so well has
Grafton performed his humble office, that we may detect
Hall's hand as easily in the last years of Henry's reign as
in the first. There is still the same love of pageants, the
same obedience to the royal will, the same ardent protestant-
ism in the pages finished by Grafton, as in those which came
fresh from the hand of Hall, and we may acknowledge that
for once the editor has not betrayed his trust.

The life of Henry VIII. is a sincere picture of Hall's
mind and fancy. The Chronicler reveals himself to his
readers as well by his expressed opinions, as by the relative
importance which he gives to passing events. Above all he
is a hero-worshipper ; and, when the necessity of worship
is satisfied, he proves himself a student of society rather
than of politics. The wars, which were the peculiar glory of
the reign, interest him chiefly as they throw a lustre upon the
courage and martial ardour of Henry. It is true that, as in
duty bound, he describes the taking of Terouenne, and the
siege of Tournay ; he does not forget ' the old pranks of the
' Scots, which is ever to invade England when the King is
' out, or within age' ; he relates with some circumstance the
intrigues of the Emperor and the French King. But his
heart is not in battles nor in foreign policy. The trumpet
does not stir his blood ; the signing of a treaty does not, in
his eyes, decide the destiny of nations. A rabble of citizens,
on the other hand, arouses his sympathy at once ; and it is
characteristic of him that the military exploit in which he
takes the profoundest interest is the raid of the Adventurers
in the marches of Calais. Now these Adventurers, or
Krekers, as Hall calls them, were a body of wild persons,
men out of service and fugitive apprentices, who offered
their

King Henry the VIII.

Xlll

their arms and their lives to the Lord Admiral. 'My
' lord,' said a tall yeoman, their spokesman, ' here be many
' good felowes that with your favour would jeopard to
' get or lose, for their mynde is to be revenged on the
' Frenchemen, enemies to the Kyng and his realme.' And
the Admiral gave them a pennon of St. George, assuring
them that if they got any booty and brought it to the
army they should be paid to the uttermost. Therewith
he supplied them also with money and weapons, and for
many a long day they harried the French. ' These men,'
says Hall, 'were light, hardy, and politike, and by
' their manhood and hardines had robbed many tounes,
' and taken many prisoners, with great boties.' Again and
again their exploits are commemorated in the Chronicle, and
their death, for they died together, was yet more glorious
than their life. Surrounded at last and outnumbered by
the French, they resolved to die, and each promised his
fellow to slay him if he took to flight. ' Then every man
' cryed God mercie,' thus writes Hall, ' and kneled doune
' and kissed the earth, and strake handes eche wyth other,
' in token not to depart, and then made themselfs prest to
' the defence.' And so stout was their defence that not
one escaped with his life, and they deserved, these citizen-
soldiers, the immortality magnanimously bestowed upon
them.

But they were citizens first, and soldiers after, and there-
fore claimed Hall's ungrudged sympathy. For in his eyes
London was dearer even than England, and whenever the
rights of her citizens were threatened, he was their loyal cham-
pion. To cite one instance of many : he relates indignantly
how in 1513 the fields about Islington, Hoxton, and Shore-
ditch were enclosed by hedges and ditches, so that neither
the young men of the City might shoot, nor the ancient
persons might walk for their pleasure in the fields. Where-
upon

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King Henry the VIII.

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and costly apparel, and strange devices of masks and
morrises ; nor was his pleasure decreased by the fact that the
play was an allegory of the quarrel between the people and
the Cardinal, and that all men laughed thereat save only
Wolsey himself. Thus he notes that the proclamation made
in 1526 against unlawful games had an unexpected effect.
When the young men were forbidden bowls and such other
games, ' some fell to drinkyng, and some to ferretyng of
' other mennes Conies, and stealyng Dere in Parkes, and
' other unthriftines.' In the same spirit he records the
variation of the price of wheat, deplores the rains of 1527
which destroyed both crops and beasts, and, in brief, gives
us such a picture of life in town and country as could only
have been drawn by an eager contemporary.

Being ever a staunch champion of the citizens, Hall
harboured a bitter dislike of all foreigners. He hated a
Frenchman as bitterly as did the Duke of Buckingham
himself, and he looked with a wise suspicion upon any inter-
loper, who threatened the trade of London. In those days
the popular policy was not protection but exclusion, and the
free entry of foreign goods more than once roused the City
to rebellion. In 15 17, as Hall tells us, the multitude of
strangers was so great in London, that the English arti-
ficers could scarce get a living. Worse still, the strangers,
not content with ousting the citizens from their crafts,
mocked and oppressed them, trusting always in the protec-
tion of the Cardinal. At last an accident set the whole of
London ablaze. A carpenter, named Williamson, bought
two stock-doves in Chepe, and was about to pay for them,
when a Frenchman snatched them from his hands, and said
they were no meat for a carpenter. The French ambassador
defended the effrontery of his countryman, and the car-
penter was sent to prison. But the triumph was short-
lived. Within a few days John Lincoln, a broker,
had

King Henry the VIII.

xvii

had persuaded Dr. Beale to preach the Easter sermon
at St. Mary's, Spittle, against the aliens, and the Doctor,
with Pugna pro patria for his text, had no difficulty in
inflaming the citizens. Foreigners were buiFeted in the
streets, or thrown into the canal. A general rebellion
was prophesied for May Day, and the Cardinal bade the
Mayor set a watch upon all suspected persons. But the
watch was set in vain : a trivial incident led to so fierce
a riot, that the day was known as Evil May Day ever
after. Now, two young men were playing at buckerels
in Chepe, when by the command of an alderman one was
arrested. Instantly the cry was raised of 'prentices and
clubs, and out at every door came clubs and weapons.
The rioters marched through the streets, sacking the foreign
quarters, and putting the lives of all the aliens in jeopardy.
However, at three o'clock the Lieutenant of the Tower
turned his ordnance upon the City, and the rioters, who
escaped capture, dispersed with what speed they might.
Of those arrested, Lincoln alone suflFered death, and some
others, 'younglinges and olde false knaves,' as Hall calls
them, were brought to trial at Westminster Hall, in their
shirts and with halters about their necks. There the King
pardoned them all, and when the general pardon was pro-
nounced, 'the prisoners shouted at once, and al together
' cast up their halters into the hal rofFe, so that the King
' might perceave thei were none of the discretest sorte.'
But while Hall rejoices that the ringleaders remained un-
discovered, he praises both their courage and discretion.
The citizens might, had they chosen, have taken a fierce
revenge upon the soldiers. ' But lyke true subjectes they
' sufered paciently.'

The French, however, did not profit by the lesson of May
Day, and but a year later the public indignation broke out
again. An Embassy, sent to London by the French King,

brought

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brought in its train a vast mob of pedlars and jewellers with
' diverse merchaundise uncustomed, under the coloure of the
' trussery of the Ambassadors.' A riot seemed imminent,
but once more the people's anger was appeased, although
calm was not wholly restored to the city, until, in 1526,
an Act was passed which so bridled the strangers that they
came to ' a reasonable point and conclusion.' Nor was it
only in commerce that Hall resented the competition of the
aliens. He had an equally sturdy contempt for the manners
which certain young Englishmen brought back from the
Court of Francis I. When they returned to England, says
he, ' they were all Frenche, in eatyng, drynkyng and
' apparel, yea, and in Frenche vices and bragges, so that all
' the estates of Englande were by them laughed at.' Indeed
for exclusive patriotism, it would be hard to find Hall's
match, and no historian has ever uttered the cry of ' England
' for the English ' with more eloquence and justice.

And he would no more willingly permit the Church to
be trammelled by foreign influence than the trade of
London. In other words he was, as I have said, an
ardent protestant. His dislike of the Pope is profound
and unconcealed, nor does he ever lose a chance of
avowing his antipathy to Rome, an antipathy which colours
his history and intensifies his alert distrust of Cardinal
Wolsey. He notes with satisfaction the growing disputes
between the ' Catholics ' and ' Evangelicals,' which he knew
must end in the forsaking of the Pope ; he welcomes
the proclamation against bulls ; he proudly hails the King
supreme head of the Church, whereafter, says he, with
undisguised enthusiasm, ' the Pope with all his College of
' Cardinalles with all their Pardons and Indulgences was
' utterly abolished out of this realme. God be everlast-
' yngly praysed therefore.' Where his religion is touched,
he does not scruple to interrupt his history with tedious

digressions,

King HIenry the VIII.

XIX

digressions, as when he relates the case of Richard Hun, who,
being imprisoned in the Lollards' Tower for heresy, was
found hanging by the neck in a girdle of silk. The Bishop
of London declared that the man had hanged himself, but
it was proved that William Horsey, the Bishop's Chancellor,
had murdered him, and Hall, to justify an unfortunate
heretic, forgets the King and his pageants, and wearies
the reader with long-drawn depositions. His protestantism,
indeed, knew only one check : when the King, in his
arrogance, brought forward the Bill of the Six Articles,
Hall, as I have said, supported them against his conscience.
Much as he loved the reformed religion, he loved his King
more. But he had his revenge in his Chronicle ; for before
it was published the Bill was repealed, and the historian
could describe it in the words of the common people as
' the bloody statute,' without incurring the charge of dis-
loyalty.

Yet protestant as he was. Hall had no love of a dismal
life. His delight in the pageantry of the Court, and in the
masks and mummeries, which Henry VIIL's ingenuity
designed, is most eloquently expressed. His style was
perfectly adapted for the description of splendid proces-
sions and imposing spectacles. For once historian and
monarch were well met : as Hall had at the tip of his pen
all the words of magnificence, so Henry nourished a never-
failing joy in dressing-up, and in devising brilliant festivals.
Nor would he exclude the people from his pompous revelries,
and time was when at Richmond the mob rent and spoiled the
pageant, stripping even their sovereign and his companions
to their doublet and hose. But the King's good humour
was undisturbed. He turned the incident to mirth and
laughter, and let the plunderers go off with their booty.
Thus in war as in peace the jousts and merry-makings
continued. Once upon a time the Scots Ambassadors were

amazed

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King Henry the VIII.

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amazed that King Henry should disport himself, when he
was at war with France, and were shortly told by a gentleman
of the Court that they did not set by the French King one
bean. And if the spirit of revelry was unchanging, the
devices were as various as cunning and extravagance could
make them. Now the pageant was shaped like a mountain,
with a tree of gold set upon the top ; now it was a castle,
garnished after the most warlike fashion, with la forteresse
dangereuse written upon its front. Or the garden of
Esperance, with roses and pomegranates of silk and
gold, was presented ; or wild men apparelled in green
moss rushed suddenly from an artificial wood ; or a fair
lady sat upon a rock with a dolphin on her lap ; or an
allegory of ships passed before the King and Queen.
The gay and joyous Court always found an excuse
for a pageant. Christmas and Twelfth Night each had
their gorgeous festivals, while on May Day, his Grace,
' beyng yonge, and wyllyng not to be idell,' would rise in
the morning very early to fetch may or green boughs.
Or he would take the Queen into the greenwood to see
how Robin Hood and the outlaws lived, and to breakfast
on venison. Then there were jousts and tournaments, at
which the King, the bravest knight of his time, always bore
away the prize, happy to receive it at the gracious hands
of Katherine. For it was an age of chivalry, in which the
customs and titles of knighthood were still preserved ; and
even when the King went to war, it was but a joust fought
to the death ; challenges were given and received ; and
great captains donned their armour as much for display as
for policy.

But the culmination of glory and splendour was the

Field of the Cloth of Gold, whereon Henry and Francis

took the sound advice of Comines, whose maxim it

was that princes should not meet, except to share their

^___ pleasures.

King Henry the VIII.

XXI

pleasures. Never was so noble a spectacle seen before.
The palace of gold, which sparkled in the plain of Guisnes,
rose as by enchantment. Before the gate stood the old
god of Wine, fashioned in gold, ' birlyng the wine,' and
over his head was the motto, which Rabelais adapted
to his own purpose : faictes bonne chere quy vouldra. To
those who crossed the large court ' fayre and beautifull '
there was presented a scene of dazzling beauty. The roofs
were covered with cloth of silk, which shewed like fine
burned gold. Gold was the arras, 'compassed of many
' auncient stones ' ; gold the chairs, gold the cushions. The
chapel was a stiU greater marvel. Over the altar stood
twelve golden images. The crucifix in the King's closet was
gold, gold were the candlesticks ; even the roof was gilt
' with fine golde and Senapar and Bice.' And the trees which
shone in this wondrous plain — the Hawthorn for Henry,
the Raspberry for Francis — they, too, were wrought of
silver and Venice gold, until nature was eclipsed by artifice,
and the very flowers and fruits were golden symbols of
friendship and alliance. Thus in reciting the glories of this
peaceful encounter. Hall sings a paean to the precious metal,
and the burden of his song is always the same — gold, gold,
gold ! Nor did the knights fall below the splendour of the
landscape. ' To-day the French,' as Shakespeare wrote,

' All clinquant, all in gold, like heathen gods,
* Shone down the English ; and to-morrow they
' Made Britain India : every man that stood
' Show'd like a mine.'

And the bravest sight of aU was the King himself — ' the
' moste goodliest Prince that ever reigned over the realme
' of Englande ' — apparelled in a garment of * Clothe of
' Silver, of Damaske, ribbed with Clothe of Golde, so thicke
' as might bee,' and bravely did he bear himself against the
rufflers and gallants of the French Court. There, in the

golden

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XXll

King Henry the VIII.

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golden field, the Kings ran course after course, breaking
their spears like valiant princes, and presently went each his
own way, eager to efface this memory of joyance in envy
and hatred. Such was the pageant which Hall, doubtless
a spectator, described with all his curious knowledge of
trappings, and which was the noblest spectacle of an age
renowned above all others for its noble pageantry.

But not even the splendour of his life could endear
Wolsey to the Chronicler, and it is evident from his first
appearance in Hall's pages that the great Cardinal is to play
a sinister part. He was a good philosopher, very eloquent
and full of wit — so much Hall admits ; but ' for pride,
' covetous, and ambition he excelled all other.' No sooner,
indeed, is Wolsey advanced to the Archbishopric of York,
than Hall declares that henceforth he studied day and
night to be a Cardinal ; and in the least of his actions
the historian detects a limitless, insensate ambition. The
brilliant services which he rendered to the King, the respect
for England which he imposed upon all Europe, were as
nothing in Hall's eyes. The King's loyal worshipper could
only see in the Cardinal's masks and banquets a stumbling-
block of offence, for he thought that the King should
engross the dignity and magnificence of his age ; and he
looked with a kind of jealousy upon the lavish grandeur of
York Place. Moreover, while he delighted in all the golden
triumphs of peace and war, which his eager eye witnessed,
he flouted the Cardinal as a thief, when he asked the people
to pay the bill. In brief, he intensified in his book the
fierce hatred, which the people expressed as loudly as they
dared against the omnipotent Chancellor. Was it not a
disgrace that this butcher's dog should lie in the Manor
of Richmond ? ^ And when Wolsey fell into disgrace, Hall

1 Shakespeare echoed this taunt : ' this butcher's cur is venom-mouthed,' says
Buckingham in the play. Shakespeare, indeed, found not a little inspiration in
Hall. The episodes of his Henry Fill, follow the Chronicle with curious fidelity.

King Henry the VIII. xxiii

was not content to repeat the articles in the Cardinal's
indictment. He must needs turn and shift them to his
victim's prejudice. From Hall, through Shakespeare, it has
gone to the ends of the earth that Wolsey, in documents
addressed to the Pope and foreign princes, was wont to
write ' Ego et Mens Rex.' With this arrogance he was
never charged, the worst hinted against him being that he
added his own name to his master's — ' my King and I.'
Nor does the Cardinal's tragic death persuade Hall to relent.
He cannot find the same excuses for his enemy, as Shake-
speare in his magnanimity puts in the mouth of honest
Griffith. He only remembers that Wolsey was of a great
stomach, that he counted himself equal with princes, and
that by crafty suggestion got into his hands innumerable
treasure. He did all this and more, and yet deserves our
pardon and respect. Masterful as he was, he would let
none master England but himself, and Henry's decay in
honour and happiness began only with his minister's death.

The drama gives you the same sense of pageantry and magnificence which is
always present in Hall's pages, while in many a passage there is a verbal similarity
which cannot be gainsaid. The clamours of the people against the Cardinal's
exaction is translated directly from the prose of Hall into the verse of Shakespeare,
and even the King's angry speech to the faithful Wolsey is but an accurate para-
phrase. Nor does the contempt which Hall hurls at the gallicised minions of the
English Court lose its force in the phrase of Shakespeare. Buckingham's sad protest
after his condemnation is another echo of Hall. The barge is ready and 'fitted
' with furniture as suits the greatness of his person.' Then says Buckingham : —

* Nay, Sir Nicholas,
' Let it alone ; my state now will but mock me.
' When I came hither, I was lord high constable
'And Duke of Buckingham ; now, poor Edward Bohun.'

Thus Shakespeare, and, if you turn to Hall, you will find the same thought set
in prose. ' Sir Thomas Lovell ' — thus runs the passage — ' desired him to sytte on
' the cusshyns and carpet ordeined for him, he sayd nay, for when I went to
' Westminster I was Duke of Buckyngham, now I am but Edwarde Bowhen the
' mooste caitiiFe of the worlde.' The famous speech of Katherine too is borrowed
from the Chronicle, even in its metaphor. ' It is you,' says the Queen to
Wolsey, 'have blown this coal betwixt my lord and me.' Or as Hall puts it:
' therefore of malice you have kindled thys fyre, and set this matter a broche.'
These are but a few parallels of many which add not a little to the value and
interest of the book.

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XXIV

King Henry the VIII.

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But Hall was so jealous a champion of the King, that he
could bear no rival near the throne. Henry was his only-
hero, and at the outset of his reign no finer hero could
be found for epic or history. He was young, he was fair
to look upon, he was accomplished. ' The features of
' his body,' says Hall with the true accent of adulation,
' his goodly personage, his amiable vysage, princely coun-
' tenaunce, and the noble- qualities of his royall estate, to
' every man knowen, nedeth no rehersall, consideryng that
' for lacke of cunnyng I cannot express the gifts of grace,
' and of nature, that God hath endowed hym with all.'
Katherine in the days of her unclouded state assured
Wolsey that ' with his health and life nothing could come
' amiss to him.' In the eyes of Giustiniani, the Venetian
envoy, he was far handsomer than any sovereign in
Christendom. ' It was the prettiest thing in the world,' said
this enthusiast, ' to see him play tennis, his fair skin ' glow-
ing through a shirt of the finest texture.' And like all the
princes of his house, Henry was infinitely vain of his appear-
ance. When Pasquilijo was in England the King called
him to a summer-house, and questioned him narrowly
about the French King. ' Is he as tall as I am ? ' he asked
first. Pasquilijo assured him there was little difference.
' Is he as stout ? ' demanded Henry, and, hearing that he
was not, gravely enquired, 'What sort of a leg has he? '
' Spare,' replied the envoy. Then said the King, open-
ing the front of his doublet, and placing his hand upon
his thigh, ' Look here ; I also have a fine calf to my
' leg.' ^ But not merely was Henry handsome, he excelled
all the chivalry of his time in manly exercises. In the
tournament there was no knight who could withstand his
onset, and the many prizes which he won were not awarded

1 In precisely the same fashion did Henry's daughter Elizabeth question Sir
James Melville concerning Mary, the Queen of the Scots, and in his answers Sir
James proved himself a more cunning diplomatist than the Venetian.

King Henry the VIII.

XXV

him out of mere courtesy. As in war he knew no fear,
so in sport he knew no fatigue. He never went a-hunting
without tiring eight or ten horses ; he loved hawking and
shooting as he loved the joust ; and if he lost vast sums
in the tennis-court, it was when an encroaching corpul-
ence hindered his activity. Moreover, as has been said,
he had a rare genius for parade. He surpassed all his
contemporaries in the lavish accoutrement of his court
and person. Nor did this taste for grandeur leave him
with the joyousness of youth. Even when he went to
meet Anne of Cleves, he was still magnificent. His
courser was stately as ever ; his trappings of gold and
pearl had lost none of their splendour. And, if we may
believe Hall, in comparison of his person, his rich apparel
was on that day little esteemed.

Yet he was no mere sportsman, proud of his golden
beard and sturdy arm. By temperament a scholar, he had
become by training learned in all the learning of his time.
Erasmus not merely applauded his erudition, but hailed him
as a true and generous patron of poets, who had brought
back the golden age, and had illustrated in his own life
the splendid gifts of ancient heroes. His speeches and
letters prove him the master of a style, vigorous and
his own ; and he possessed a power of argument which,
if in age it declined to sophistry, was the terror of aU
antagonists. In the midst of his sedulous amusements,
he still had time to play the statesman, and even after
he was deprived of Wolsey's counsel, he was a match for
the best of his contemporaries in policy. Nor did the
smallest detail escape him that might benefit his kingdom.
He suppressed vagabondage, and vastly improved the breed
of horses. Above all, his zest of life was unquenchable.
There was no pursuit, either gay or serious, which could
not arouse his enthusiasm. He danced, he wrestled, he

cast

VOL. I.

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J

XXVI

King Henry the VIII.

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cast the bar, he leapt with a pole — a sport at which he
once jeopardised his life, he made ballads, he set songs, he
composed two goodly masses in five parts, ' whiche were song
' often times in hys chapel, and afterwards in diverse other
' places.' He spoke, besides English, French, Spanish, and
Latin, and he collected books. Now it amused him to
devise a new harness, such as no armourer had ever seen.
Now medicine engrossed him, and you hear that he invented
a plaster, a sovereign remedy ft)r sores. In brief, he was
the most highly gifted, most handsome, and most affable
V monarch that ever graced the throne of England, and, until
ruin overtook his character, he deserved the most eloquent
panegyric that even Hall himself could indite.

And when he tired of tournaments and books, he fell to
gambling, and hazarded his wealth with reckless prodigality.
His private accounts show how much he lost to his minions
at dice and imperial, while the French hostages are said to
have taken from him six or eight thousand ducats a day, a
profit which doubtless lightened their enforced sojourn in a
foreign country. His fame as a gambler even spread abroad,
and certain Frenchmen and Lombards were brought to
London to make wagers with him, and a rich harvest they
reaped until their craft was discovered. And then, that
he might leave nothing untried, he was constant in piety ;
he heard five masses a day, besides vespers and compline in
the Queen's chamber ; or he would indulge that love of
theological disquisition which never left him.

Such was Hall's hero in his youth, and such in Hall's
fancy he remained unto the end. The faithful chronicler
could discern no spot nor blemish in his King, and if the
people justly cried out against him, he was still eloquent in
excuse. In all simplicity of heart he believed that ' a certain
' scrupulosity pricked his master's conscience,' when Henry
was minded to put Katherine away ; and though it was

murmured

King Henry the VIII. xxvii

murmured that the King's conscience had ' crept too near
' another lady,' Hall stoutly maintained that the murmur
was slanderous and contrary to truth. But alas for Hall's
loyalty ! Long before the Universities had supported the
King's cause, Henry was already buying purple velvet for
Mistress Anne, who was so vastly increased in dignity that
the Mayor of London deemed it prudent to send her a gift
of cherries ; he was already writing impassioned love-letters
to his sweetheart, promising that ' shortly you and I shall
have ' our desired End, which should be more to my
* Hearts Ease and more Quietnesse to my Minde, than any
' other Thing in this World.' The truth is, that in spite of
Hall's championship, a dark shadow had fallen across the
brain of Henry VIIL The death of Wolsey had removed
the last hindrance from his path of wilfulness, and after the
divorce of Katherine, he set no restraint upon his actions.
The very virtues which hitherto had distinguished him,
changed, by a kind of excess, into vices. His learning
turned to casuistry, his accomplishment became cunning, his
bravery fell away into an implacable cruelty. He who had
been open with all men, grew into a monster of suspicion.
While his eyes, sunk deeper into his head, overlooked
nothing, his tongue refused to speak what his eyes saw.
' If I thought that my cap knew my counsel,' said he to
Cavendish, 'I would throw it in the fire and burn it.'
But in nothing would he be thwarted. He ruled the
Church, and overrode the law. It is said that he was better
skilled in the law of divorce than any wiseacre in Christendom,
and his profound knowledge of theology, which he might
wisely have left to others, converted him into that worst of
men — a pedant, who was also bloodthirsty and omnipotent.
Grimly determined upon matrimony, yet always unfortunate
in his dealings with women, he murdered the wives, whom
once he had loved, and decreed his children bastards. He

saw

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xxviii King Henry the VIII.

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saw the closest of his friends, such as Francis Weston,
go to the scaffold without a whisper of regret. He received
Anne Boleyn's eloquent letter ' from her doleful prison in
' the Tower,' begging him not to ' touch the innocent souls
' of these poor gentlemen,' and in a few days openly showed
Jane Seymour as Queen. With flattery and obeisance his
ferocity of temper increased, and neither man nor woman
was safe who thwarted his will. It was a cruel century,
which did not shrink from boiling a man alive, nor from
burning a child of fifteen at the stake ; ^ yet Henry outdid
the worst of his contemporaries in cruelty. Whoever refused
to acknowledge him supreme head of the Church, died upon
the block : thus fell Fisher and Thomas More, the wisest
spirits of the time. And if his enemies did not flout his
theological supremacy, a frivolous pretext was always found
for their destruction. So Surrey, the most accomplished
poet of an accomplished age, perished, a victim to the
royal displeasure, which neither genius nor grace sufficed
to conciliate. In truth, history records nothing more
pathetic than this ruin of a noble mind ; and through
it all Hall's loyalty never wavered. In his faithful eyes
the King could do no wrong, and he was able to in-
spire others with his own splendid fidelity. Many of
the later historians were persuaded by Hall's eloquence
to reject the legend that Henry VIII. was an English
Bluebeard, and to regard him as an amiable and
kindly monarch. ' Of persone he was tall and mightye,
' and in his later yeres somewhat grosse, in witte and
' memory excellent. Of such majestie tempered with
' humanitie and gentlenesse, as was comely in so great
' and noble a Prince. In knowledge of good letters, he

1 In the twenty-second year of Henry's reign, one Richard Roose was boiled
alive for poisoning divers persons; and ten years later a child named Richai-d
Mekins perished at Sraithfield for repeating what he had heard some other folks
speak against the Sacrament of the Altar.

King Henry the VIII.

XXIX

' farre passed all the Kings of this realme that had bene

* before him, and for his magnificence and liberalitie he

' was renowned throughout all the world.' Thus writes

Grafton after Hall, in recording the death of Henry VIII.,

and you wonder whether any king, who had not dipped

his hands in innocent blood, was ever graced with a nobler

epitaph.

CHARLES WHIBLEY.

INTRO-
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'i^i

This text is reprinted from the

folio edition of 1550, printed at

London by Richard Grafton.

CONTENTS

THE FIRST YEAR (1509-10)
THE SECOND YEAR (1510-11) .
THE THIRD YEAR (1511-12)
THE FOURTH YEAR (i 512-13) .
THE FIFTH YEAR (1513-14)
THE SIXTH YEAR (1514-15)
THE SEVENTH YEAR (1515-16) .
THE EIGHTH YEAR (1516-17) .
THE NINTH YEAR (1517-18)
THE TENTH YEAR (1518-19) .
THE ELEVENTH YEAR (1519-20)
THE TWELFTH YEAR (1520-21)
THE THIRTEENTH YEAR (1521-22)
THE FOURTEENTH YEAR (1522-23)
THE FIFTEENTH YEAR (1523-24)

PAGE
I

18

30

42

59
120'
146
150

IS7
165
177
187
223
242
284

THE TRIUMPHANT REIGNE OF

KYNG HENRY THE VHL

HENRY the VIII. sonne to Kyng Henry the VII.
beganne his reigne the xxii. daie of Aprill, in the
yere of our Lorde 1 509, and in the xviii. yere of
his bodily age : Maximilian then beeyng Emperoure, and
Lewes the XII. reignyng in Fraunce. And Fernando
beeyng the Kyng of Arragon and Castell, and Kyng James
the fourthe then rulyng over the Scottes : Whose stile was
Proclaimed by the blast of a Trumpet, in the citie of
London, the xxiii. daye of the saied monethe, with muche
gladnes and rejoysyng of the people.

And the same day, he departed from his manour of
Richemond to the tower of London, where he remayned,
closly and secrete, with his counsayll, till the funeralles of
his .father, were finished and ended. The same daie
also, sir Richard Empson knight, and Edmonde Dudley
Esquier, greate counsaylers to the late kyng, were attached
and brought to the Tower, not to the litle rejoysyng of
many persones, whiche by them wer greved, whiche,
attachemfnt was thought to bee procured by malice of
theim, that with their aucthoritie, in the late kynges daies
wer offended, or els to shifte the noyse, of the straight
execution of penall statutes in the late kynges daies, by
punishement of those persones, and other promoters, for to
satisfie and appeace the people. The same daie also was
attached, the lorde Henry Stafford, brother to the duke of
Buckyngham and sent to the Tower, the cause was not
thought to be great, because he was so sone delivered, and
the same yere was created erle of Wilshire. And the same
daie also Doctor Ruthal was named Bushoppe of Duresme.

Sone after were apprehended diverse, called promoters,
belongyng to Empson and Dudley, as Camby, Page, Smith,
and diverse other, as Derbie, Wright, Sympson, and Stocton,

of

VOL. I.

THE I.
YERE

[1509-10]

Empson and

Dudley

attached.

King Henry the VIII.

THE I.
YERE

[1509-10]

A generall
Pardon.

of the whiche, the moste part ware papers, and stoode on
the Pillorle. How bee It, the moste craftiest knave of all,
called Jhon Baptist Brimald, escaped and came to West-
minster, and there toke Sanctuarie.

The XXV. daie of April! was Proclaimed, that the kynges
grace, ratefied all the Pardones, graunted by his father, and
also pardoned all suche persones, as was then in suite, for
any offence, whatsoever it was, Treason, Murder and
Felonie onely excepte.

After that all thynges necessary, for the enterment and
funeral pompe of the late kyng, were sumpteously pre-
pared and done : the corps of the said defunct was brought
out of his privie chambre, into the great chamber, where
he rested thre dales, and every daie had there Dirige and
Masse song by a Prelate mitered : and from thence he
was conveighed into the halle, where he was also thre
dales, and had a like service there, and so thre dales in the
Chapel, and in every of these thre places, was a hearce of
waxe, garnished with banners, and ix. mourners gevyng
there attendance, all the service tyme : and every daye they
offered, and every place hanged with blacke clothe. Upon
Wedinsdaie, the ix. daie of Maye, the corps was putte into a
Chariot, covered with blacke clothe of golde drawen with
V. greate Corsers, covered with blacke Velvet, garnished
with cusshions of fine gold : and over the corps, was an
Image or a representacion of the late kyng, laied on
Cusshions of golde, and the saied image was appareled, in
the kynges riche robes of estate with a croune on the hed,
and ball and scepter in the handes : and the chariot was
garnished with banners, and Pencelles of tharmes of his
dominions, titles and genealogies. When the chariot was
thus ordered, the kinges chapell, and a gret nombre of
Prelates, set forward praiyng : then folowed all the kynges
servauntes, in blacke, then folowed the Chariot : and after
the Chariot ix. mourners, and on every side wer caried
long torches and shorte, to the nombre of vi. C. and in this
ordre they came to saincte Georges felde, from Richfe-
mond. There met with theim all the Priestes and
Clearkes, and religious men, within the citee, and without
(whiche went formoste, before the kynges Chapell) the
_Maior and his brethren, with many commoners, all clothed
in blacke, met with the corps at London Bridge, and so

gave

King Henry the VIII.

gave their attendaunce on the same, through the citee : and

in good ordre, the compaignie passed thorough the citie,

wherof the stretes on every side, wer set with long

Torches, and on the stalles stode young children, holdyng

tapers, and so with greate reverence, the Chariot was

brought to the Cathedral Churche of sainct Paule, where

the body was taken out, and caried into the Quire, and set

under a goodly Herce of waxe, garnished with Banners,

Pencelles, and Cusshions, where was soung a solempne

Dirige, and a Masse, with a Sermon, made by the

Busshoppe of Rochester : duryng whiche tyme, the kynges

houshold and the mourners, reposed theim in the Bus-

shoppes Paleis. The nexte daie, the corps in like ordre

was removed, toward Westminster, sir Edward Haward,

bearyng the kynges banner, on a courser trapped, in the

armes of the defunct. In Westminster was a curious herse,

made of ix. principalles, full of lightes, whiche, were lighted

at the comming of the corps, whiche, was taken out of the

Chariot, by sixe Lordes, and set under the Herse, the Image

or the representacion, liyng upon the Cusshyn on a large

paUe of golde. The herse was double railed : within the

firste railes, satte the mourners, and within the seconde

raile, stoode knightes bearyng banners of sainctes, and

without the same, stoode officers of armes. When the

mourners were set, Gartier king at Armes, cried, for the

soule of the noble prince kyng Henry the VII. late kyng

of this realme : then the quire beganne Placebo, and so

song Dirige, whiche beyng finished, the mourners departed

into the Palaice, where they had a voyde, and so reposed

for that night.

The next daie, wer three Masses solemply song, by
Busshoppes, and at the last Masse was offered, the kynges
banner and courser, his coate of armes, his sworde, his
target, and his helme, and at thende of Masse the mourners
offered up, riche Paulles of cloth of gold and Baudekin,
and when the quire sang, Libera me, the body was put into
the yearthe, and then the lorde Treasorer, lorde Stewarde,
lorde Chamberlein, the Treasorer, and Comptroller of the
kynges houshold, brake their staves and caste theim into
the grave. Then Gartier cried with a loude voyce, Vive k
Roy Henry le hutiesme, Roy Bangliter, et de Fraunce, sire
Dirland. Then all the mourners, and all other that had

geven

THE I.
YERE

[1509-10]

King Henry the VIII.

THE I.
YERE

[1509-10]

The Kynges
manage
doubtefull at
the beginnyng.

geven their attendance, on this funerall Obsequie, departed
to the Palaice, wJiere they had a greate and a sumptuous
feast.

Wonder it were to write, of the lamentacjon that was
made, for this Prince emongest his servauntes, and other of
the wisest sort, and the joy that was made for his 4e3^th, by
suche as were troubled,- by rigor of his lawe : yet the. towarde
hope whiche, in all poyntes appered in the young kyng did
bothe repaire and comforte, the hevie hartes of theim, whiche,
had lost so wise and sage a prince : and also did put out of
the myndes of suche, as were releved by the sayed kynges
deathe, all their olde grudge and rancor, and confirmed
their newe joye, by the newe graunte of his pardon.

When the funeralles of this late kyng, wer thus honorably
finished, greate preparacion was made, for the coronacion of
this newe kyng, whiche was appoynted on Midsomer daye
nexte ensuyng : duryng whiche preparacion, the kyng was
moved, by some of his counsail, that it should be honorable,
and profitable to his realme, to take to wyfe the lady Katherin,
late wyfe to Prince Arthur his brother disseased, least she
having so greate a dowrie, might mary out of the realme,
whiche, should be unprofitable to hym : by reason of whiche
mocion, the kyng beyng young, and not understandyng
the lawe of God, espoused the sayed lady Katherine, the
third daye of June, the whiche mariage, was dispensed with
by Pope July, at the request of her father, kyng Farnando,
contrary to the opinion of all the Cardinals of Rome, beyng
divines. This mariage of the brothers wyfe, was muche
murmured agaynst, in the beginnyng, and ever more and
more, searched out by learning and scripture, so that at
the laste, by the determinacion, of the best universities of
Christendom it was adjudged detestable, and plain contrary
to Goddes lawe, as you shall here, after xx. yeres.

If I should declare, what payn, labour, and diligence, the
Taylers, Embrouderers, and Golde Smithes tooke^ bothe
to make and devise garmentes, for Lordes, Ladies, knightes,
and Esquiers, and also for deckyng, trappyng, and adornyng
of Coursers, Jenetes, and PaliFries, it wer to long to reherse,
but for a suretie, more riche, nor more straunge nor more

curious workes, hath not ben seen, then wer prepared
agyanst this coronacion.

On the xxi. dale of this moneth of June the kyng came

from

King Henry the VIII.

from Grenewiche to the Tower, over London Bridge, and
so by Grace Churche, with whome, came many a wel ap-
pareled gentelman, but in especial the Duke of Buckyngham,
whiche had a goune all of goldsmithes worke, very costly,
and there the kyng rested, till Saterdaie next ensuyng.

Fridaie the twentie and twoo dale of June, every thyng
beeyng in a readines, for his Coronacion : his grace with the
Quene, beeyng in the Tower of London, made there Knightes
of the Bathe, to the nombre of twentie and foure, with all
the observaunces and Ceremonies, to the same belongyng.

And the morowe folowyng beyng Saterdaie, the xxiii. day
of the said monethe, his grace,"' with the Quene, departed from
the Tower, through the citie of London, agaynst whose
comming, the streates where his grace should passe, were
hanged with Tapistrie, and clothe of Arras. And the greate
parte, of the Southe side of Chepe, with clothe of gold, and
some parte of Cornehill also. And the streates railed and
barred, on the one side, from over agaynst Grace Churche,
unto Bredstreate, in Chepeside, where every occupacion stode,
in their liveries in ordre, beginnyng with base and meane
occupacions, and so assendyng to the worshipfuU craftes :
highest and lastly stode the Maior, with the Aldermen.
The Goldsmithes stalles, unto the ende of the Olde Chaunge,
beeing replenished with Virgins in white, with braunches of
white Waxe : the priestes and clerkes, in riche Copes with
Crosses and censers of silver, with censyng his grace, and the
Quene also as they passed. The features of his body, his
goodly personage, his amiable vysage, princely countenaunce,
with the noble qualities of his royall estate, to every man
knowen, nedeth no rehersall, consideryng, that for lacke of
cunnyng, I cannot expresse the giftes of grace and of nature,
that God hath endowed hym with all : yet partly, to discrive
his apparell, it is to bee noted, his grace ware in his upperst
apparell, a robe of Crimosyn Velvet, furred w'ith Armyns,
his jacket or cote of raised gold, the placard embrowdered
with Diamondes Rubies, Emeraudes, greate Pearles, and
other riche Stones, a greate Bauderikt aboute his necke, of
greate Balasses. The Trapper of his Horse, Damaske gold,
with a depe purfell of Armyns, his knightes and Esquires
for his body, in Crimosyn Velvet, and all the gentelmen,
with other of his chappell, and all his officers, and houshold
servauntes, wer appareled in Skarlet. The Barons of the

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five Fortes, bare the Canaby, or clothe of estate : For to
resite unto you, the greate estates by name, the ordre of
their goyng, the nombre of the lordes Spirituall and temporall,
Knightes, Esquires, and gentelmen, and of their costly and
rich apparell, of severall devises and fashions, who tooke up
his horse best, or who was richest besene, it would aske long
tyme, and yet I should omitte many thynges, and faile of
the nombre, for they were verie many : wherefore I passe
over, but this I dare well saie, there was no lacke or scarsitie
of clothe of Tissue, clothe of Golde, clothe of Silver,
Broderie, or of Golde smithes workes : but in more plentie
and abundaunce, then hath been seen, or redde of at any
tyme before, and thereto many and a greate nombre of
chaines of Golde, and Bauderikes, bothe massy and greate.
Also before the kynges highnes, rode twoo gentle menne,
richely appareled, and aboute their bodies travers, they did
beare twoo Robes the one of the Duchie of Guyon, and the
other for the Duchie of Normandie, with Hattes on their
heddes, poudered with Armyns, for the estate of the same.
Nexte folowed twoo persones of good estate, the one bearyng
his cloke, the other his hatte, appareled bothe in Golde
Smithes woorke, and Broudery, their horses Trapped, in
burned Silver, drawen over with Cordes of Grene silke and
Gold, the edges and borders of their apparell, beyng fretted
with Gold of Damaske. After them came sir Thomas
Brandon, Master of the kynges Horse, clothed in tissue,
Broudered with Roses of fine Gold, and traverse his body,
a greate Bauderike of Gold, greate and massy, his Horse
trapped in Golde, leadyng by a rayne of Silke, the kynges
spare Horse trapped barde wise, with harneis Broudered
with Bullion Golde, curiously wroughte by Gold Smithes.
Then nexte folowed, the nyne chyldren of honor, upon greate
coursers, appareled on their bodies, in Blewe Velvet, poudered
with Floure Delices of Gold, and chaines of Golde Smithes
woorke, every one of their horses, trapped with a trapper
of the kynges title, as of Englande, and Fraunce, Gascoyne,
Guyan, Normandy, Angeow, Cornewall, Wales, Irelande,
etc. wrought upon Velvettes, with Embrouderie, and Gold
Smithes worke.

Then next folowyng in ordre, came the Quenes retinew,
as Lordes, Knightes, Esquires, and gentle menne in their
degrees, well mounted, and richely appareled in Tissues,

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King Henry the VIII.

clothe of Golde, of Silver, Tynsels, and Velvettes Em-
broudered, freshe and goodly to behold. The Quene then
by name Katheryne, sittyng in her Litter, borne by twoo
White Palferies, the Litter covered, and richely appareled,
and the Palferies Trapped in White clothe of gold, her
persone appareled in white Satyn Embroudered, her heeire
hanging doune to her backe, of a very great length, bewtefuU
and goodly to behold, and on her hedde a Coronall, set with
many riche orient stones. Next after, sixe honorable per-
sonages on White Palfreis, all appareled in Clothe of Golde,
and then a Chariot covered, and the Ladies therein, all ap-
pareled in Clothe of Golde. And another sort of Ladies,
and then another Chariot, then the Ladies next the Chariot,
and so in ordre, every one after their degrees, in clothe of
Gold, Clothe of Silver, Tynselles, and Velvet, with Embrou-
deries, every couplement of the saied Chariotes,and the draught
harnesses, wer poudered with Armins, mixt with clothe of
Gold: and with muche joye and honor, came to West-
minster, where was high preparacion made, as well for the
saied Coronacion, as also for the solempne feast and justes,
therupon to be had and doen.

The morowe folowyng beyng sondaie, and also Midsomer
daie, this noble prince with his Quene, at time convenient,
under their Canabies borne by the Barons of the five Portes,
went from the saied Palaice, to Westminster Abbey upon
clothe, called vulgarly cloth of Ray, the whiche clothe was
cut and spoyled, by the rude and common people, immediatly
after their repaire into the Abbey, where, accordyng to the
sacred observaunce, and auncient custome his grace with the
Quene, were annoynted and crouned, by the Archebusshop of
Cantorbury, with other prelates of the realme there present,
and the nobilitie, with a greate multitude of Commons of
the same. It was demaunded of the people, whether they
would receive, obey, and take the same moste noble Prince,
for their kyng, who with greate reverence, love, and desire,
saied and cried, ye ye. After the whiche solempnitie, and
Coronacion finished, the lordes spirituall and temporall, did
to hym homage, and returned to Westminster hall, with the
Queues grace every one under their canabies, where by the
lorde Marshall, and his tipped staves, was made rome, and
every lord, and other noble men, accordyng to their tenures,
before claimed and vewed, seen, and allowed by the lordes,

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and other of his graces counsayll, entred into suche rome
and office that daie, to execute their services accordyngly.
The kynges estate on the right hand, and the Quenes on
the left hand, the cobard of ix. stages, their noble personages
beyng set : first, at the bryngyng of the first course, the
trumpettes blew up. And in came the Duke of Buckyngham,
mounted upon a greate courser, richely trapped, and en-
broudered, and the lorde Stewarde, in likewise on an horse,
trapped in clothe of Golde, ridyng before the service, whiche
was sumpteous, with many subtleties, straunge devyses, with
severall poses, and many deintie dishes. At the kynges
fete, under the table, wer certain gentelmen. And in like-
wise with the quene, who there continued, during that long
and royal feast. What should I speake or write, of the
sumpteous fine, and delicate meates, prepared for this high
and honorable coronacion, provided for as wel in the parties
beyond the sea, as in many and sundery places, within this
realme, where God so abundantly hath sent suche plentie
and foyson ? Or of the honorable ordre of the services, the
cleane handelyng and breaking of meates, the ordryng of
the dishes, with the plentifuU abundaunce. So that none
of any estate beeyng there, did lacke, nor no honorable or
worshipfull persone, went unfeasted. The seconde course
beyng served : in at the haule doore entered a knight.

armed at al poyntes, his bases rich tissue embroudered,
a great plume and a sumpteous of Oistriche fethers on his
helmet, sittyng on a great courser, trapped in tissue, and
embroudered with tharmes of England, and of Fraunce, and
an herauld of armes before hym. And passyng through the
halle, presented hymself with humble reverence, before the
kynges majestic, to whom, Garter kyng of herauldes, cried
and said with a loude voyce, sir knight from whence come
you, and what is your pretence ? This knightes name was
sir Robert Dimmocke, Champion to the kyng, by tenure of
his enheritaunce, who answered the saied kyng of Armes, in
effecte after this maner : Sir, the place that I come from,
is not material], nor the cause of my repaire hether, is not
concernyng any matter, of any place or countrey, but onely
this. And there with all, commaunded his Heraulde to
make an Oyes : then saied the knight, to the kyng of armes,
now shal ye here, the cause of my commyng and pretence.
Then he commaunded his awne Herauld, by Proclamacion

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King Henry the VIII.

to saie : if there be any persone, of what estate or degree
soever he be, that wil saie or prove, that king Henry the
eight, is not the rightfull enheritor, and kyng of this realme,
I sir Robert Dimmoke here his Champion, ofFre my glove,
to fight in his querell, with any persone to thutteraunce,
whiche Proclamacion was made in sundery places of the
halle : And at every tyme, his gauntlette caste doune, in
the maintenaunce therof. After whiche several! proclama-
cions doen, and offers made, the said knight or champion,
eftsones repaired to the kynges presence, demaundyng
drinke, to whom the kynges grace sent a cup of gold, with
wine, wherof after this knight had dronke, he demaunded
the cover of the saied cuppe, whiche to hym was also
delivered : that doen, he departed out of the halle, with
the said cup and cover, as his awne.

The maner of his tenure is this, that at the Coronacion of
the kyng, he shall go to the armarie, and there take the
kynges best herneis, save one, the best and rich bases savyng
one, then of the plumes, or other thynges for the garnishyng
of his creast or helme, and so to the stable, there taking the
next courser or horse, to the best, with like trapper, and so
furnished, to enter ut supra, and his office dooen, to have
all these thynges, with the Cuppe of Gold and cover to his
awne use.

After the departure of the said Champion, the Kyng of
Armes, with all the Herauldes, and other officers of Armes,
made Proclamacions in severall places of the halle, criyng
largesse. Briefly to passe over, this high and long solemp-
nitie, of this honorable Coronacion and feast, more honorable
then of the great Cesar, whom, many Historiographers, so
high set out and magnified, if the Latins of Englande, were
not promoted or avaunsed, to dignities and promocions, one-
lesse they firste should (as other poore clerkes, in the parties
beyond the sea, exalte and set furthe the jestes and Chronicles,
of their native countreys, with high laude and prayse and in
some parte more then truth, for small mede or reward doo)
put in writyng, either in Englishe or Latin tongue, the noble
triumphes, chivalrous feates, valiant actes, victorious battailes,
and other noble Jestes of this realme, and in especiall, of
our tyme and knowlege, of this moste valiant and goodly
prince, it should appere muche more honorable, then any
other stories : But promocion and benefices, putte awaie

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laboure and payne, albeit the grate parte of theim will saie,
that the high Cure and charge is to edifie the people, with
the word of God, talcing cure of the soules : ther against
I will not replie, but no displeasure, I perceive that thei take
as great cure, for the profile of their pursses, wyth pleasure
of huntyng and haukyng, besides other their pastymes, after
they com to the best of their promocion, with smal kepyng
of hospitalitie, as other whiche were their predecessors, and
muche worse, so that parte of their pastymes spent in writyng,
and settyng furth the jestes, actes and deedes, of the nobilitie
of Englande, with the manyfold commodities of the same,
should muche ennoble the princes thereof, seeyng by dayly
experience, Busshoppes, Archebusshoppes, Abbottes, and
other clarkes, in the parties beyonde the sea, as well learned,
as of high knowlege, and better linage, and as verteous as
they, daily enforce theimselfes, to avaunce their Princes,
their Realmes, and natyve Countreis, as well in Latin, as in
their vulgar e toungue. But to returne to thende of this
honorable feast, the tables avoyded, the wafers were brought.
Then Syr Stephen Jenyns, that tyme Maior of London, whom,
the kyng before he satte doune to dynner, had dubbed knight,
which, beganne the Erles Table that daie, arose from the
place where he satte, to serve the Kyng with Ipocras, in a
Cuppe of Golde, whiche Cuppe, after his grace had dronken
therof, was with the cover, geven unto the said sir Stephen,
like as other his predecessors, Maiors of the saied citie, wer
wont to have at the Coronacion of the kyng. Then after
the Surnap laied, and that the kynges grace, and the Quene
had wasshed, every of them under their Clothes of estate,
the tables beyng avoyded, went unto their chambers.

For the more honor, and ennobling of this triumphaunt
Coronacion, there wer prepared, bothe Justes and Turnies,
to be dooen in the Palaice of Westminster, where, for the
kynges grace, and the Quene, was framed a faire house,
covered with Tapisstrie, and hanged wyth riche clothes of
Arras, and in the saied Palaice, was made a curious Fountain,
and over it a Castle : on the toppe thereof, a greate Croune
Emperiall, all the imbatellyng with Roses, and Pomegranetes
gilded : and under and aboute the saied Castle, a curious
Vine, the leaves and grapes thereof, gilded with fine Golde,
the walles of the same Castle coloured. White and Grene
losengis. And in every losenge, either a Rose or a Pome-

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granet, or a Sheffe of Arrowes, or els H. and K. gilded
with fine Gold, with certain Arches or Turrettes gilded, to
support the same Castle. And the targettes of the armes,
of the defendauntes, appoynted for the saied Justes there
upon sumpteously set. And out at severall places, of
the same Castle, as well the dale of the coronacion as at
the said daies of the Justes and Turney, out of the mouthes
of certain beastes, or gargels did runne red, white, and
claret wine. Thenterprisers of these Justes, was Thomas
lorde Haward, heire apparaunt to the erle of Surrey, sir
Edward Haward Admirall, his brother, the lorde Richarde,
brother to the Marques Dorset, sir Edmond Haward, sir
Thomas Knevet, and Charles Brandon esquire. The trom-
pettes blew to the feld, the fresh yong galantes and noble
menne gorgeously appareled, with curious devises, of cuttes
and of embrouderies, as well in their coates, as in trappers
for their horses, some of gold, some in silver, some in
Tynsels, and diverse other in goldesmithes worke, goodly
to behold, first entered the feld in takyng up and turnyng
their horses, netly and freshly. Then folowed a devise,
(caried by strength of menne, and other provision) framed
like a Castle, or a Turret, wrought with fine clothe of Gold :
the toppe wherof was spred with Roses and Pomegranates,
hangyng doune on every side, of the saied devise, wherein
was a Lady, bearyng a shilde of Christall named Pallas.
After whom, the saied Lorde Haward, with his com-
paignions folowed, armed at al poyntes, their Basses, and
Bardes, or Trappers, were of Grene Velvet, beaten with
Roses, and Pomegranates of Golde, brodered with fringes
of Damaske Golde. The saied devise or Turret, beyng
brqught before the kyng, the Lady Pallas, presented
the saied persones, whom, she named her scholers, to the
kynges highnes, besechyng the same, to accept them as her
scholers, who wer desirous to serve hym to the encrease of
their honors, whiche saied scholers, had about them on
foote, to the nombre of an hundred persones, freshely
appareled, in Velvettes of sunderey coloures, with Hose and
Bonettes, accordyng to the same. And further, the saied
Ladye desired the kyng, that it might please his grace, that
her saied scholers, might be defendauntes to al commers
whiche request was graunted.

Then came in an other bende of horse men, freshly and

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well appareled in clothe of gold, in silver, in Goldsmithes
worke, and brouderie, to the nombre of three score,
with trappers accordingly to their garmentes, with greate
Bauderikes, CoUers, and Cheines of Golde, aboute their
neckes, and traverse their bodies, every man with a coyfe
of golde on his hedde, and a greate plume of fethers there-
upon, some of one coloure, and some of an other, enteryng
before into the felde, with Drommes and Fifes a greate
nombre, every man takyng up his horse, in his best maner,
as well for their Ladies, as also for laude or prayse to
bee geven theim. After whom, folowed a good nombre
of footemen, in Velvettes, and other silkes, cutte and
embroudered, with hose to the same accordingly, and
bonettes and other furniture, after a freshe and lustie
fashion. Nexte to theim came on horse backe, eight per-
sones, whose names were, sir Jhon Pechy, Sir Edwarde
Nevell, Sir Edwarde Guildeforde, Sir Jhon Carre, Sir
Wyllyam Par re. Sir Gyles Capell, Sir Griffith Dun, and
Sir Roulande, Armed also at all poyntes, with shyldes of
their awne armes, with riche Plumes, and other devises on
their hedde peces their Bases and Trappers of Tissew, clothe
of Golde, Silver and velvet, and nexte before theim, a
gentle manne on horsebacke, in a coate of Blewe Velvet,
embroudered with golde, and his horse Trapped in the
same suite, with a spere of Golde on his thigh, and the same
presented to the Quene : saiyng, that it was enformed those
knightes of his compaignie, how that Dame Pallas, had
presented sixe of her scholers to the kyng, but whether
they came to learne, or to teache feactes of Armes, they
knewe not. And further declared, that his knightes were
come, to doo feactes of armes, for the love of Ladies, where-
fore he besought her grace, to license those Knightes to
prove theim selfes, agaynst Dame Pallas SchoUers : and that
in case her Schollers brake more speres, on the sayed
knightes, by the viewe of the Judges, and the report of
the Herauldes, then the same knightes should dooe on
theim, then the saied Scholers of Pallas knightes, to have
the spere of Gold for their prise. And if the knightes
brake more speres, then Dame Pallas Schollers, the saied
knightes to have the Christall Shilde. The whiche request
to theim graunted, the Justes beganne, where every manne
dyd acquite hym self, well and valiauntly, but who had the

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pryce of other, I knowe not, the night commyng on, the
Justes ended.

The next dale approched, the foresaied defenders, Schollers
to Pallas on Horsebacke, armed Cape a pie, the one side of
their Bases, and Bardes of their Horses white Velvet,
embroudered with Roses of gold and other embrouderies,
the other side Grene Velvet, embroudered with Pome-
granetes of Golde, every one of theim on his hedde pece,
had an heare of flatte Golde of Damaske, presented them-
selfes, before the kyng ready to Tourney.

Then immediatly on the other parte came in, the fore-
named eighte knightes ready armed, their Basses and Bardes
of their Horse, Grene Sattyn, embroudered with freshe
devises, of Bramble branches, of fine Golde curiously
wroughte, poudered over all. And after theim a greate
nombre of homes blowen, by menne apparelled in Grene
Clothe, with Cappes and Hosen of lyke suite, as Forsters or
kepers, and a Pagente made lyke a Parke, paled with pales
of White and Grene, wherein wer certain FaUowe Dere,
and in the same Parke curious Trees made by crafte, with
Busshes, Femes, and other thinges in lykewyse wroughte,
goodly to beholde. The whiche Parke or divyse, beyng
brought before the Quene, had certayn gates thereof opened,
the Dere ranne out thereof into the Palaice, the greye
houndes were lette slippe and killed the Dere : the whiche
Dere so killed, were presented to the Quene and the Ladies,
by the foresayed knightes. Crocheman, whiche the daye
before broughte in the spere of Golde, there declared, that
the same knightes were servauntes to Diana, and beeyng
in their pastyme of huntyng, newes were brought unto
theim, that Dame Pallas knightes, were come into these
partes, to doo deedes of armes : wherefore, they had lefte
their huntyng and chase, and repaired also thether, to
encounter with the knightes of Pallas, and so to fight with
them, for the love of ladyes to thutterance : saiyng that yf
Pallas knightes vanquyshed the other, or made them to leve
the feld, then thei to have the dere killed, and the greye
houndes that slewe them. And in case Dianas knightes,
overcame the other, they to have their swordes, and none
other thyng more. Wherupon the Quene and Ladies,
sent to the kyng to have his advyse and pleasure in this
behalfe, his grace conceyvyng, that there was some grudge,

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and displeasure betwene thelm, thynkyng if suche request
wer to theim graunted, some inconvenience might ensue,
would not there unto agree, so, that for the appeasyng thereof,
it was awarded that bothe parties, should tourney togethers,
gevyng but a certayn strokes, whiche dooen thei departed :
And so these Justes brake up, and the prices geven to every
man after his disertes.

This yere the kyng pardoned the lorde Henry, brother to
the Duke of Buckyngham, beeyng committed to the Tower
upon suspicion of treason laied unto hym, but not proved,
and sone after at the Parliament, created hym Erie of
Wylshire.

Also this yere, the kyng ordeined fiftie Gentle menne to
bee speres, every of theim to have an Archer, a Dimilaunce,
and a Custrell, and every Spere to have three greate Horses,
to bee attendaunt on his persone, of the whiche bende, the
Erie of Exssex was Lieuetenaunt, and sir Jhon Pechie Capi-
tain, who endured but a while, the apparell and charges were
so greate, for there were none of theim, but they and their
Horses, were appareled and trapped in Clothe of Golde,
Silver, and Golde Smithes woorke, and their servauntes
richely appareled also.

This yere also, was a greate Pestilence in the toune of
Caleys, and muche people died, in so muche that the kyng,
at the request of his counsaill of Caleis, considering the
weakenes of the toune, sent thether Sir Jhon Pechie, with
three hundred menne to tary there, who continued there
unto suche time, that the plague was ceassed, and newe
souldiours admitted, to suche roumes as then were vacant,
and then returned into Englande. Furthermore, this yere
the kyng somoned his Parliament, in the monethe of
Novembre, whiche began in the moneth of Januarii en-
suyng, whereof sir Thomas Inglefelde was chosen Speaker,
in the whiche session emonges other thynges there enacted,
it was ordeined by aucthoritie of Parliament, that sir
Thomas Empson knighte, and Edmund Dudeley Esquire,
late Counsailers to Kyng Henry the seventh, should and wer
attainted of hault treason.

The same yere the plague was greate, and reigned in
diverse partes of the realme, the kyng kept his Christemas
atRichemond. And the xii. dale of Januarie, diverse gentel-
men freshely appareled, prepared theim selfes to Juste, un-

knowen

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knowen to the kinges grace, whereof, he being secretely
informed, caused hymself, and one of his privie chambre,
called William Compton to bee secretly armed, in the litle
Parke of Richemond : and so came into the Justes, unknowen
to all persones, and unloked for : The kyng ranne never
openly before, and there wer broken many staves, and
greate praise gcven to the twoo straungers, but specially to
one, whiche was the kyng : howebeit, at a course by mis-
fortune, sir Edward Nevell Esquire, brother to the Lorde
of Burgayne, did runne against Master Cumpton, and hurte
hym sore, and was likely to dye. One persone there was,
that knew the kyng, and cried, God save the kyng, with
that, all the people wer astonied, and then the kyng
discovered himself to the greate comforte of all the
people.

The kyng sone after, came to Westminster with the
Quene, and all their train : And on a tyme beyng there, his
grace, therles of Essex, Wilshire, and other noble menne, to
the numbre of twelve, came sodainly in a mornyng, into the
Quenes Chambre, all appareled in shorte cotes, of Kentishe
Kendal, with hodes on their heddes, and hosen of the same,
every one of theim, his bowe and arrowes, and a sworde and
a bucklar, like out lawes, or Robyn Hodes men, wherof
the Quene, the Ladies, and al other there, were abashed,
as well for the straunge sight, as also for their sodain com-
myng, and after certayn daunces, and pastime made, thei
departed. On Shrove Sunday the same yere, the kyng pre-
pared a goodly banket, in the Parliament Chambre at West-
minster, for all the Ambassadours, whiche, then wer here,
out of diverse realmes and countreis. The banket beyng
ready, the Kyng leadyng the Quene, entred into the
Chambre, then the Ladies, Ambassadours, and other noble
menne, folowed in ordre. The Kyng caused the Quene, to
kepe the estate, and then satte the Ambassadours and Ladyes
as they were Marshalled by the kyng, who would not sit,
but walked from place to place, makyng chere to the Quene,
and the straungers : Sodaynly the kyng was gone. And
shortly after, his grace with the Erie of Essex, came in^
__ appareled after Turkey fashion, in long robes of Bawdkin,
powdered with gold, hattes on their heddes of Crimosyn
Velvet, with greate rolles of Gold, girded with two swordes,
called Cimiteries, hanging by greate bawderikes of gold.

Next,

THE I.
YERE

[1509-10]

A banket.

i6

King Henry the VIII.

THE I.
YERE

[1509-10]

Next, came the lorde Henry, Erie of Wilshire, and the lorde
Fitzwater, in twoo long gounes of yelowe satin, travarsed
with white satin, and in every bend of white, was a bend of
crimosen satin after the fashion of Russia or Ruslande, with
furred hattes of grey on their hedes, either of them havyng
an hatchet in their handes, and bootes with pykes turned up.
And after them, came, syr Edward Haward, than Admyral,
and with him sir Thomas Parre, in doblettes of Crimosin
velvet, voyded lowe on the backe, and before to the cannell
bone, lased on the breastes with chaynes of silver, and over
that shorte clokes of Crimosyn satyne, and on their heades
hattes after dauncers fashion, with feasauntes fethers in
theim : They were appareyled after the fashion of Prusia or
Spruce. The torchebearers were appareyled in Crymosyn
satyne and grene, lyke Moreskoes, their faces blacke : And
the kyng brought in a mommerye. After that the Quene,
the lordes, and ladyes, such as would had played, the sayd
mommers departed, and put of the same apparel, and sone
after entred into the Chamber, in their usuell apparell. And
so the kyng made great chere to the Quene, ladyes and
Ambassadours : The Supper or Banket ended, and the tables
avoyded, the kyng beeyng in communicacion with the
Ambassadors, the Quene with the ladyes toke their places
in their degrees. Then began the daunsyng, and every man
toke muche hede to them that daunsed. The kyng perceyv-
ing that, withdrewe hym selfe sodenly out of the place, with
certayn other persons appoynted for that purpose. And
within a lide whyle after there came in a drumme and a fife
appareiled in white Damaske and grene bonettes, and hosen of
the same sute,than certayn gentelmenfolowed with torches, ap-
parayled in blew Damaske purseled with Ames grey, facioned
lyke an Awbe, and on their heddes hodes with robbes and
longe typpettes too the same of blewe Damaske visarde. Then
after them came a certayne number of gentelmen, wherof
the kyng was one, apparayled all in one sewte of shorte
garmentes, litle beneth the poyntes, of blew Velvet and
Crymosine with long slyves, all cut and lined with clothe
of golde. And the utter parte of the garmentes were
powdered with castels, and shefes of arrowes of fyne doket
golde. The upper partes of their hoses of lyke sewte and
facion, the nether partes were of Scarlet, poudered with
timbrelles of fyne golde, on their heades bonets of Damaske,

Sylver

King Henry the VIII.

17

Sylver flatte woven in the stole, and thereupon wrought
with gold, and ryche fethers in them, all with visers. After
them entred vi. ladyes, wherof twoo were apparaylcd in
Crymosyn satyne and purpuU, embrowdered with golde
and by vynyettes, ran floure delices of gold, with marvel-
lous ryche and straunge tiers on their heades. Other two
ladies in Crimosine and purpuU, made lyke long slops
enbroudered and fret with gold after antyke fashion : and
over that garment was a short garment of clothe of golde
scant to the kne facioned like a tabard all over, with small
double rolles, al of flatte golde of Damaske fret with frysed
gold, and on their heades skayns and wrappers of Damaske
gold with flatte pypes, that straunge it was to beholde.
The other two ladies were in kirtels of Crymosyne and
purpuU satyn, enbroudered with a vynet of Pomegraneltes
of golde, all the garmentes cut compasse wyse, havyng but
demy sieves, and naked doune from the elbowes, and over
their garmentes were vochettes of pleasauntes, rouled with
Crymosyne velvet, and set with letters of gold lyke Carettes,
their heades rouled in pleasauntes and typpers lyke the
Egipcians, enbroudered with gold. Their faces, neckes,
armes and handes, covered with fyne plesaunce blacke :
Some call it Lumberdynes, whiche is marvellous thinne, so
that the same ladies semed to be nigrost or blacke Mores.
Of these foresayed vi. ladies, the lady Mary, syster unto
the kyng was one, the other I name not. After that the
kinges grace and the ladies had daunsed a certayne tyme
they departed every one to his lodgyng.

In this yere kyng Henry the VII. his executours made
restitucion of great summes of money, to many persons
taken against good conscience to the sayde kynges use, by
the forenamed Empson and Dudley.

This yere also came Ambassadours from the kyng of
Arragon and Castell into this Realme, who were hyghly
entertayned and royally receyved, and repayred muche to
the Courte. It happened on a daye, that there were certayne
noble men made a wager to runne at the rynge, and parties
were taken, and whiche partye atteyned or toke awaye the
rynge oftnest with a certayne courses, should wynne the
wager. Whereof, the kynges grace hearyng, offered to be on
the one partie with vi. companions : The Ambassadours
hearyng therof, were muche desirous to see thys wager

tried,

THE I.
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[1509-10]

VOL. I.

i8

King Henry the VIII.

THE I.
YERE

[1509-10]

tried, and specially the Ambassadours of Spaigne, who had
never sene the kyng in harneis. At the day appointed, the
kyng was mounted on a goodly Courser, trapped in purpul
velvet cutte, the inner syde whereof was wrought with flatte
golde of Damaske in the stoole, and the velvet on the other
syde cut in letters : So that the gold appered as though
it had bene enbroudered with certayne reasons or poyses.
And on the Velvet betwene the letters were fastened, castels
and shefes of arrowes of doket golde, with a garment, the
sieves compased over hys barneys, and his bases of the same
worke, with a greate plume of fethers on his head pece,
that came doune to the arson of his sadell, and a great
company of fresh gentlemen, came in with his grace rychcly
armed and decked, with many other right gorgeously
appareiled, the trompettes before them, goodly to beholde,
wherof many straungers, but specially the Spaigniardes much
rejoysing, for they had never sene the king before that tyme
armed.

On the other syde came in an other bende of gentlemen,
freshely appareyled, and pleasaunt to beholde, all appareyled
in clothe of gold, chekered with flatte golde of Damaske,
and poudered with Roses : and so every man ranne, but to
conclude, the pryce was geven unto the kyng. Every man
did runne twelve courses, the kyng did beare away the ring v.
tymes, and atteyned it thre : and these courses thus fynished,
the Spanish Ambassadours desyred to have some of the
badges or devises, whiche were on the kynges trapper : his
grace therof knowing, commaunded every of them to take
therof what it pleased them, who in effect toke all or the
more parte : for in the beginning they thought they had
bene counterfait, and not of golde.

In this yere from divers Realmes and Countreys came
many Ambassadours, of Fraunce, Denmarke, Scotlande,
and other Realmes, whiche were highly enterteyned.

THE SECOND YERE.

ON May daye, then next folowyng in the ii. yere of
his reygne, hys grace beyng yonge, and wyllyng
not to be idell, rose in the mornynge very early to
fetche May or grene bows, hym selfe freche and rychely

appareyled,

King Henry the VIII.

appareyled, and clothed all his Knyghtes, Squiers and
Gentelmen in whyte Satyn, and all hys Garde and Yomen of
the Croune in white sarcenet : and so went every man with
his bowe and arrowes shotyng to the wood, and so repaired
againe too the Courte, every man with a grene bough in his
cappe, and at hys returnyng, many hearynge of his goynge a
Maiyng, were desyrous to see hym shote, for at that tyme hys
grace shotte as stronge and as greate a length as any of his
garde. There came to his grace a certain man with bowe
and arrowes, and desyred his grace to take the muster of
hym, and to se hym shote : and at that tyme hys grace was
contented, the man put his one fote in his bosome, and so
did shote, and shot a very good shote, and well towardes
his marke, wherof not onely his grace but all other greatly
merveyled. So the kyng gave hym a rewarde for his so
doyng, whiche persone afterwardes of the people and of
them in the courte was called fote in bosome.

The same yere in the feaste of Pentecoste, holden at Grene-
wyche, that is to saye the Thursday in the same weke, hys
grace with two other with hym chalenged all commers, to
fyghte with theim at the barriers with targot and casting the
spere of viii. fote long, and that done his grace with the
sayed two aides to fight every of them xii. strokes with
two handed swordes, with and against all commers, none
except being a gentelman, where the kyng behaved hym
selfe so wel, and delivered hym selfe so valiauntly by his
hardy prowes and greate strengthe that the prayse and laude
was geven to his grace, and his aides : Notwithstanding that
divers valiaunt and strong persons had assailed hym and his
aides.

From thence the whole Courte removed to Wyndesore,
then begynning his progresse, exercisyng hym selfe daily in
shotyng, singing daunsyng, wrastelyng, casting of the barre,
plaiyng at the recorders, flute, virginals, and in settyng of
songes, makyng of ballettes, and did set ii. goodly masses,
every of them fyve partes, whiche were song oftentimes in
hys chapel, and afterwardes in diverse other places. And
whan he came to Okyng, there were kept bothe Justes and
Turneys : the rest of thys progresse was spent in huntyng,
hawkyng, and shotyng.

The icyng beyng thus in hys progresse harde every daye
more and more complaintes of Empson and Dudley, wher-

fore

THE II.
YERE

[I5I0-II]

Empson and

Dudley

behedded.

20

King Henry the VIII.

THE II.
YERE

[151O-II]

fore he sent wrytes to the Shyryfes of London, to put them
in execucion, and so the xviii. day of August, they were both
behedded at the Towre hyll, and their bodies buried and
their heades.

The saied progresse finished, his grace, the Quene, with
all their whole trayne, in the moneth of October folowyng,
removed to Grenewyche. The kyng not mynded to se
young Gentelmenj unexpert in marcial feates, caused a place
to be prepared within the parke of Grenewych for the
Quene and the ladies to stande and se the fyght with battaill
axes that should be done there, where the kyng hym selfe
armed, fought with one Gyot a Gentelman of Almayne, a
talle man, and a good man of armes. And than after they
had done, they marched alwaye two and twoo togethers, and
so dyd their feates and enterpryces every man very well :
Albeit, it happened the sayed Gyot to fyght with Sir Edward
Haward, whiche Gyot was by hym stryken to the grounde.

The morow after this enterprise done, the Kyng with the
Quene came to the Towre of London. And to thentent
that there shoulde no displeasure nor malice be borne by
any of those Gentelmen, whiche fought with the axe agaynst
other. The kyng gave unto them a certain summe in
golde, valewed at cc. marke, to make a banket amongest
them selfes with all : The whiche banket was made at the
Fishemongers Halle in Teames strete, where they all met to
the number of foure and twenty, al apareiled in one sute
or livery, after Almain fashion, that is to say, their utter
garmentes all of yealow Satyne, yealow hosen, yealow shoes
girdels scaberdes, and bonettes with yealow fethers, their
garmentes and hosen al cutte and lyned with white Satyn,
and their scaberdes wound abought with Satyne : After
their banket ended, they went by torche light to the towre,
presenting them selfes before the kyng, who toke pleasure
to beholde them.

From thence, the viii. day of November, his grace
removed to Rychemond, and willed to be declared to al
noble men and gentelmen, that his grace with two aides,
that is to wit master Charles Brandon, and master
Compton, duryng two dayes would aunswere all commers
with spere at the Tilt one daye, and at turney with
swordes, the other.

And to accomplyshe this enterprice the xiii. daye of

November,

King Henry the VIII.

21

November, hys grace armed at all peces with his twoo
aydes entred the fielde, their bases and trappers were of
clothe of golde, set with redde Roses, ingreyled with golde
of broudery : The counter parte came in freshly, appareyled
every man after his devise. At these Justes the kyng brake
more staves then any other, and therfore had the pryce :
At the Turney in lykewyse, the honour was his. The second
night were divers straungers of Maximilian the Emperours
court, and Ambassadours of Spaygne with the kyng at
supper: when they had supped, the kyng willed them
to go into the Quenes chamber, who so dyd. And in the
meane season, the kynge with xv. other, appareled in
Almayne Jackettes of Crymosyn, and purple Satyn, with
long quartered sieves, with hosen of the same sute, their
bonettes of whyte Velvet, wrapped in flat golde of Damaske,
with vysers and whyte plumes, came in with a momery,
and after a certayne tyme that they had played with the
Quene and the straungers, they departed. Then sodenly
entred syx mynstrels, rychely appareled, plaiyng on their
instrumentes, and then folowed xiiii. persones Gentelmen,
all appareyled in yealowe Satyne, cut lyke Almaynes, bearyng
torches. After them came vi. disguised in whyte Satyne
and grene, enbroudered and set with letters and castels of
fyne golde in bullion, the garmentes were of straunge
facion, with also straunge cuttes, every cutte knytte with
poyntes of fyne golde, and tassels of the same, their hosen
cutt and tyed in lykewyse, their bonettes of clothe of sylver,
wounde wyth golde. Fyrst of these vi. was the kyng, the
erle of Essex, Charles Brandon, Sir Edward Hawarde, syr
Thomas Knevet, and syr Henry Guylforde. Then part
of the Gentlemen bearyng torches departed, and shortly
returned, after whome came in vi. ladies, appareled in
garmentes of Crymosyne Satyn enbroudered and travessed
with clothe of gold, cut in Pomegranettes and yokes,
_strynged after the facion^ofl^Spaygne. Then the sayed
Vi7 men daunced with these 'vi. ladies : and after that they
had daunced a season the ladies toke of the mens visars,
whereby they were knowen : Whereof the Quene and the
straungers muche praysed the kynge, and ended the pastyme.
It is to be noted that at this tyme the Quene was great
with chylde, and shortly after this pastyme, she toke her
chamber at Rychemond, for the whiche cause the kynge

kept

THE II.
YERE

[1510-II]

22

King Henry the VIII.

THE II.
YERE

[1510-IIJ

kept his Christmas there. And on Newyeres day, the fyrst
day of January, the Quene was delivered of a Prince to the
great gladnes of the Realme, for the honour of whom, fyers
were made, and diverse vessels with wyne, set for suche
as woulde take therof in certaine streates in London, and
generall processions thereupon too laude God. As touchyng
the preparacion of the Princes Christenyng, I overpasse,
which was honourably done, whose godfathers at the font
were the Archebishop of Caunterbury, and the erle of
Surrey, Godmother the lady Katherine Countesse of Devon-
shyre, Daughter to kynge Edward the fourth.

Agaynst the xii. daye or the daie of the Epiphanie at
nyghte, before the banket in the Hall at Rychemond, was a
pageaunt devised lyke a mountayne, glisteryng by nyght, as
though it had bene all of golde and set with stones, on the
top of the whiche mountayne was a tree of golde, the
braunches and bowes frysed with gold, spreding on every
side over the mountayne, with roses and Pomegranettes,
the whiche mountayn was with vices brought up towardes
the kyng, and out of the same came a ladye, appareiled in
clothe of golde, and the childrenof honour called the Henche-
men, whiche were freshly disguysed, and daunced a Morice
before the kyng. And that done, reentred the mountayne,
and then it was drawen backe, and then was the wassaill or
banket brought in, and so brake up Christmas.

Shortly after, and before the Quenes churchynge, the
kyng rode too Walsingham. The Quene being churched
or purified, the kyng and she removed from Rychemond to
Westminster, where was preparacion for a solempne Justes
in the honour of the Quene, the kyng being one, and with
hym thre aydes : his grace being called Cure loial, the lorde
William erle of Devonshire, called Bon voloire. Sir Thomas
Knevet named Bonespoir, Sir Edwarde Nevile, called Val-
iaunt desire, whose names were set upon a goodly table, and
the table hanged in a tree, curiously wrought, and they
were called Les quater Chivalers de la forrest salvigne, these
foure to runne at the tilte against all commers, with other
certayn Articles comprised in the said table.

A place in the Pallayce was prepared for the kynge, and
also the Quene, rychely hanged, the inner parte with cloth
of golde, and the utter with ryche clothe of Arras. These
Justes beganne the xiii. daye of February. After that, that

the

King Henry the VIII.

23

the Quene with her trayne of kdyes had taken their places,
into the Palays was conveyed a pageaunt of a greate quantitie,
made like a forest with rockes, hylles and dales, with divers
sundrie trees, floures, hathornes, feme and grasse, with six
forsters, standynge within the same forrest, garnished in
cotes and hodes of grene Velvet, by whome lay a greate
number of speres, all the trees, herbes, and floures, of
the same forrest were made of grene Velvet, grene
Damaske, and Silke of divers colours, Satyn and Ser-
cenet. In the middes of this forrest was a castell stand-
ing, made of golde, and before the Castell gate sat a
gentelman freshly apparelled, makyng a garlande of Roses
for the pryce. This forrest was drawen, as it were, by
strength of twoo great beastes, a Lyon and an Antelop,
the Lyon florished all over with Damaske golde. The
Antelop was wrought all over with sylver of Damaske, his
beames and homes and tuskes of golde : these beastes were
led with certayne men appareiled like wilde men, or wood-
houses, their bodies, heddes, faces, handes, and legges,
covered with grene Silke flosshed : On either of the saied
Antelop and Lyon, sate a ladye rychely appareiled, the
beastes were tied to the pageaunt with great chaynes of
golde, as horses be in the carte. When the pageaunt rested
before the Quene the forenamed forsters blew their homes,
then the devise or pageant opened on all sydes, and out
issued the foresaied foure knyghtes, armed at all peces,
every of them a spere in his hande on horsebacke with
great plumes on their heddes, their basses and trappers
of clothe of golde, every of them his name enbroudcred
on his basse and trapper : on the other parte with great
noyse, aswell of Trompettes as of Drommes entred into
the fielde. The erle of Essex, the lord Thomas Hawarde
with many other cleane armed, their trappers and basses all
of Crymosyn Satyn enbroudered with braunches of Pome-
garnettes of golde, and posies with many a freshe Gentel-
man, rydyng before them, their fotemen also well appareiled :
And so the Justes beganne, and endured all that daye.

The morow beyng the xiii. daye of February after dynner,
at tyme convenient, the Quene with the ladyes repaired to
see the Justes, the trompettes blew up, and in came many
a Noble man and Gentelman, rychely appareiled, takynge up
their horses, after whome folowed certayne lordes appareiled,

thei

THE 11.

YERE

[I5IO-IIJ

24

King Henry the VIII.

THE II.
YERE

[1510-I1J

thei and their horses in clothe of golde and russet tynsell :
Knyghtes in clothe of golde and russet Velvet. And a
greate number of Gentelmen on fote, in russet satyn and
yealow, and yomen in russet Damaske and yealow, all the
nether parte of every mans hosen Skarlet, and yealow
cappes. Then came the kyng under a Pavilion of clothe
of golde, and purpuU Velvet enbroudered, and poudered
with H. and K. of fyne golde, the compas of the Pavilion
above, enbroudered rychely, and valenced with flat golde,
beten in wyre, with an Imperiall croune in the top of fyne
golde, his bases and trapper of clothe of gold, fretted with
Damaske gold, the trapper pendant to the tail. A crane
and chafron of stele, in the frount of the chafron was a
goodly plume set full of musers or trimblyng spangles of
golde. After folowed his three aydes, every of them under
a Pavilion of Crymosyn damaske, and purple poudred with
H. and K. of fyne golde, valenced and frynged with golde
of damaske : on the top of every Pavilion a greate K. of
golde smythes worke, the number of the Gentelmen and
yomen attendant a fote, apparelled in russet and yealow was
C. Ixviii. Then next these Pavilions came twelve children
of honor, sitting every of them on a greate courser, rychely
trapped and enbroudered in severall devises and facions,
where lacked neither brouderie nor gold smythes worke, so
that every child and horse in device and facion was contrary
to other, whiche was goodly to beholde.

Then on the counter part, entred Sir Charles Brandon,
firste on horsebacke in a long robe of russet Satyn, lyke a
recluse or a religious person and his horse trapped in the
same sewte, without dromme or noyse of mynstrelsye,
puttynge a byl of peticion to the Quene, the effect wherof
was, that if it would please her to licence hym to runne in
her presence, he woulde do it gladly, and if not, then he
woulde departe as he came. After that his request was
graunted, then he put of hys sayed habyte, and was armed
at all peces with ryche bases and horse, also rychely trapped,
and so did runne his horse to the tylte end, where divers
men on fote appareiled in russet satyn awaited on hym :
next after came in alone young Henry Guylford Esquier,
hym selfe and his horse in russet clothe of golde and clothe
of sylver, closed in a device, or a pageant made lyke a Castell
or a Turret, wrought of Russet cercenet florence, wrought,

and

King Henry the VIII.

25

and set out in golde with hys worde or posye, and all his
men in Russet satyn and white, with hosen to the same, and
their bonettes of lyke colours, demaunding also licence of
the Quene to runne, whiche to hym graunted toke place
at thende of the tylte. Then came next the Marques
Dorset and syr Thomas BuUeyn, lyke two pilgrems from
saint James, in taberdes of blacke Velvet, with palmers
hattes on their helmettes, wyth long Jacobs staves in their
handes, their horse trappers of blacke Velvet, their taberdes,
hattes, and trappers set with^ scaloppe schelles of fine golde,
and strippes of blacke Velvet, every strip set with a scalop
shell, their servauntes al in blacke Satyn, with scalop shelles
of gold in their breastes. Sone after came in the lorde
Henry of Buckyngham Erie of Wylshire, hym selfe and
his horse apparelled in clothe of sylver, enbroudered with a
posye, or his worde, and arrowes of golde in a posye, called
La maison du refuge, made of Crymosyn damaske, broudered
with Roses and arrowes of golde, on the tope a greyhonde
of sylver, bearynge a tree of Pomegarnettes of golde, the
braunches therof were so large that it over sprede the
pagent in all partes. Then entred Syr Gyles Capel, Syr
Rouland with many other knightes, rychely armed and
apparelled. And thus beganne the Justes, whiche was
valiauntly acheved by the kyng and his aides, emonges
whome his grace atteyned the pryce. The Justes fynyshed,
every man with drew, the kynge was disarmed, and at time
convenient he and the Quene heard evensong, and that night
all the Ambassadours supped with the kyng, and had a great
banket. After supper, his grace with the Quene, Lordes
and Ladies came into the white Hall, within the sayed
Pallays, whiche was hanged rychely, the Hall was scafolded
and rayled on al partes. There was an interlude of the
Gentelmen of his Chapell before his grace, and divers
fresh songes : That done, his grace called to hym a greate
man, or a lorde of Ireland called Odonell, whome in the
presence of the Ambassadours, he made knyght : Then
mynstrels beganne to playe, the Lordes and Ladies beganne
to daunce.

And in the mooste of this pastime, when all persones were
moste attentyve to behold the daunsyng, the kyng was
sodenly gone unknowen to the moste parte of the people
there, oneles it were of the Quene and of certayne other.

Within

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Within a littell whyle after his departing, the trompettes at
thende of the Hall began to blowe. Then was there a device
or a pageaunt upon wheles brought in, out of the whiche
pageaunt issued out a gentelman rychely appareiled, that
shewed, how in a garden of pleasure there was an ar hereof
golde, wherein were lordes and ladies, muche desirous to
shew pleasure and pastime to the Queue and ladies, if they
might be licenced so to do, who was answered by the
Quene, how she and all other there were very desirous to se
theim and their pastime : then a greate clothe of Arras that
did hange before the same pageaunt was taken awaye, and
the pageaunt brought more nere, it was curiously made and
plesaunt to beholde, it was solempne and ryche, for every
post or piller therof, was covered with fryse golde, therein
were trees of Hathorne, Eglantines, Rosiers, Vines and
other plesaunt floures of divers colours, with Gillofers and
other herbes ail made of Satyn, damaske, silke sylver and
gold, accordingly as the natural trees, herbes, or floures
ought to be. In whiche arber were vi. ladies, all apparailed
in white satyn and grene, set and enbroudered full of H.
and K. of golde, knitte together with laces of golde, of
damaske, and al their garmentes were replenished with
glitteryng spangles gylt over, on their heddes were
bonettes al opened at the iiii. quarters, overfrysed with
flat gold of damaske, the orrellettes were of roUes, wrethed
on lampas douck holow, so that the golde shewed thorow the
lampas douck, the fassis of their head set full of new devised
facions : in this garden, also was the kyng and v. with him
appareyled in garmentes of purpul satyn, al of cuttes with
H. and K. every edge garnished with frysed golde, and every
garment ful of poysees, made of letters of fine golde in bullion
as thicke as they might be, and every persone had his name
in like letters of massy gold. The fyrst Cuer loyall. The
second Bone voloyre, in the iii. Bone espoier. The iiii. Val-
yaunt desyre. The fyft Bene fay. The vi. Amoure loyall, their
hosen, cappes, and cotes, were ful of poises and H. and K.
of fine gold in bullion, so that the ground could scace apere
and yet was in every voyde place spangels of gold. When
time was come, the said pageaunt was brought forth into
presence, and then discended a lorde and a lady by copies, and
then the mynstrels, which were disguised, also daunced, and the
lorde and ladies daunced, that it was a pleasure to beholde.

In

King Henry the VIII.

27

In the meane season the pagiaunt was conveyed to the
ende of the place, there to tary tyll the daunces were fynyshed,
and so to have receyved the Lordes and Ladies againe, but
sodainly the rude people ranne to the pagent, and rent, tare,
and spoyled the pagent, so that the Lorde Stuard nor the head
officers could not cause them to abstaine, excepte they
shoulde have foughten and drawen bloud, and so was this
pagent broken.

After the kyng and his compaignions had daunced, he
apointed the ladies, gentelwomen and the Ambassadours to
take the letters of their garmentes, in token of liberalitie,
whiche thing the common people perceyvyng, ranne to the
kyng, and striped hym into his hosen and doublet, and all
his compaignions in likewyse. Sir Thomas Knevet stode on
a stage, and for all his defence he lost his apparell. The
ladies likewyse were spoyled, wherfore the kynges garde
came sodenly, and put the people backe, or els as it was
supposed more inconvenience had ensued. So the kyng
with the Quene and the ladyes returned into his chamber,
where they had a great banket, and all these hurtes were
turned to laughyng and game, and thought that, all that
was taken away was but for honoure, and larges : and so this
triumphe ended with myrth and gladnes. At this banket,
a shypman of London caught certayne letters which he sould
to a goldsmyth for iii.t. xiiii.s. viii.d. by reason wherof, it
appeared that the garmentes were of a great value.

After this great joye came sorowfuU chaunce, for the
young Prynce, whiche was borne upon newyeres daye last
past, upon the two and twenty daye of February, beyng then
the even of Saint Mathy, departed this worlde at Rychemond,
and from thense was caried to Westmynster, and buryed.

The kyng lyke a wyse Prynce, toke this dolorous chaunce
wonderous wysely, and the more to, comfort the Quene, he
disfeimuled the matter, and made no great mourning out-
wardely : but the Quene lyke a naturall woman, made muche
lamentacion, how be it, by the kynges good persuasion and
behaviour, her sorow was mytigated, but not shortlye. This
yere also in the moneth of Februarie, came from kyng
Ferdinando, the kynges father in lawe, and kynge of Arragon
and Castell certayne Ambassadours, whiche made request to
the kyng, on the behalfe of the kyng their master, to have
ayde of the kyng of fyften hundred Archers, with valiaunt

Capitaynes

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King Henry the VIII.

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Capitaynes to governe and conduyte them : For his entent
was to make warre on the Moores, beyng Infideles and
enemies to Gods law. The kyng and his counsayll hearyng
this request, thoughte it muche honourable to ayde a Chris-
tian Prynce, and in especiall his frende and fadier in lawe,
agaynst the infideles enemies to Christes lawe, wherfore
the kyng gentely graunted them their request. When
tydinges were spread in the courte of this journey against the
infideles, the lorde Thomas Darcye, knyght of the order of
the gartier, made humble suyte to the kynge, to be capitayne
generall of that Crewe or armye. The kyng and hys coun-
saill for his greate valiauntnes and approved wysedome
graunted his request : many lordes and knyghtes made
suite to be in the same jorney, but the kyng aunswered
them, that he retained them still for other greater considera-
cions and purposes. There were appointed to go with the
saied lorde Darcie, lorde Antony Grey, brother to the Mar-
ques Dorset, Henry Guyldeford, Weston, Broune, Willyam
Sydney, Esquiers of the kynges house, syr Robert Constable,
syr Roger Haystynges, and syr Raufe Elderkare, and divers
other gentelmen to be capitaines. The lorde Darcie and all
the other Capitaynes toke their leve of the kyng, and went
into their countreis to provide for all thynges mete and
necessary for the voiage.

The kyng this tyme was muche entysed to playe at
tennys and at dice, which appetite, certain craftie persons
about him perceiuing, brought in Frenchemen and Lom-
bardes, to make wagers with hym, and so he lost much
money, but when he perceived their craft, he excheuyd their
compaigny, and let them go. The kyng beyng lusty, young,
and couragious, greatly delited in feates of chyvalrie, in so
much that he made a chalenge of Justes, againste all commers
to be proclaimed at his mannoure of Grenewyche, to be
holden there the iii. first daies of May then next ensuyng,
whiche noble courage, all younge persones highly praysed,
but the auncient fathers muche doubted, considering the
tender youth of the kyng, and divers chaunces of horses and
armure: in so much that it was openly spoken, that stele
was not so strong, but it might be broken, nor no horse
coulde be so sure of fote, but he may fall : Yet for all these
doubles, the lusty prince preceded in his chalenge.

The first daye of Maye the Kynge accompaignied with

many

King Henry the VIII.

29

many lusty Batchelers, on greate and well doyng horses
rode to the woode to fetche May, where a man might have
sene many a horse raysed on highe, with galope, turne and
stoppe, marveylous to behold : where he and thre other as
syr Edward Haward, Charles Brandon, and Edward Nevel,
which were chalengers with the kyng, shyfted themselfes
into cotes of grene Satyn, garded with Crymosyn Velvet.
On the other parte the Earles of Essex, of Devenshyre, the
Marques Dorset, the lorde Haward, were all in Crymosyn
Satyn, garded with a pounced garde of grene Velvet : and
as they were returning on the Hyll, met with them a shippe
under-sayle : The master hayled the kyng and that noble
compaignie, and saied that he was a Maryner, and was come
from many a straunge porte, and came hither to se if any
dedes of armes were to be done in the countrey, of the
whiche he might make report therof in other countreis.
An Heraulde demaunded the name of his shyppe, he
aunswered she is called Fame, and is laden with good
Renoune : Then sayed the Heraulde, if you wil bring
your shippe into the bay of Hardines, you must double
the poynt of Gentilnes, and there you shall se a com-
paignie that wyll medle with your marchaundise. Then
sayed the kyng, sythen Renowne is their marchaundyse,
let us bye it and we can : Then the shippe shotte a pele
of Gunys, and sayled forth before the kynges compaignie,
ful of flagges and banners, till it came to the tilte yearde.
At after none, the kyng and his thre felowes entred into
the fielde, their bardes and bases of Crymosyn and blew
velvet, cut in quadrant cuttes, enbroudered fuU of Pom-
granettes, and all the wayters, in sylke of the same coloure.
The other partie were in Crymosyn Satyn and grene velvet.
Then began the trompettes to sounde, and the horses to
runne that many a spere was brast, and many a great stripe
geven : and for truthe the kyng exceded in number of
staves all other, every day of the iii. dales. Wherfore on
the iii. day, the quene made a great banket to the kyng,
and all them that had Justed : And after the banket done,
she gave the chefe price to the kyng, the ii. to the erle
of Essex, the iii. to the erle of Devonshyre, and the iiii. to
the Lorde Marques Dorset. Then the Herauldes cried,
my lordes, for your noble feates in armes, God sende you
the love of your ladies that you moste desire.

' THE

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King Henry the VIII.

THE III.
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[1511-12]

THE THYRD YERE.

THE kyng ever desirous to serve Mars, began an
other Justes the xv. day of the saied moneth : the
kyng and his bend were all in grene sylke, and the
erle of Essex and his bende in blew, garded with gold, and
all the speres were paynted of the same colours. There
was good running and many a spere brast, but for al the
sport every man feared, lest some yll chaunce might happen
to the kyng, and fayne would have had him a loker on,
rather then a doer, and spake therof as much as thei durst :
but his courage was so noble that he would ever be at the
one ende.

In this passe tyme, the lord Darcy and other appoynted
to the vyage agaynst the Moores of Barbaria (at the in-
staunce of Donpefernando father to the Quene) made
suche diligence, that they and all their people were ready
at Plymmouth by the myddes of May, and there mustered
their souldiers before the lorde Broke, and other the
kynges commissioners. The sayed lorde Darcie, as Capi-
tayne generall ordeined for hys Provost Marshall, Henry
Guylford Esquier, a lusty youngman, and well beloved
of the kyng. Then, when the winde served to their
purpose, and all the armie were set aborde in their shippes,
whiche were vytailed and prest at all pointes, the Capitayn
and other departed out of Plymmouth haven, the monday
in the Rogacion weke with iiii. shippes Royall and the
wind was so favourable to them, that the first day of
June, beynge the even of the feaste of Pentecost, he arrived
at the porte of Caleys in Southspayne, and immediatly by
the advice of his counsayll, dispatched to the kyng of
Arragon two Gentelmen, called Jhon Barthelmew, and
Willyam Symonde, with letters to certefie the kyng and
his counsaill of their arrivall, and what payne they had
taken to come to his countrey, in fulfyllyng the kyng
their masters commaundement. The messengers did so
muche that they came to the kyng, beside the citie of Cy vill,
where he then laye, and declared to hym how the lorde Darcie
by the kyng their masters appointement, was come thither
with xvi. C. archers mo, accordyng to the saied kyng of

Arragons

King Henry the VIII.

31

Arragons request, and laye still at Caleys to know his plea-
sure. The kyng of Arragon aunswered them gentelly,
that the lord Darcie and all other that were come from hys
moste best beloved sonne were welcome, and hartely thanked
theim of theyr paynes, and prayed the messengers to returne
to their capitayne shewyng hym that the kyng in all haste
would sende his counsail to him, and so they departed from
the kyng, and made reporte to the lorde Darcie, whiche kept
his shippe in great estate, and would not lande, but only
suffered suche as were sicke and feble, and few other to go a
lande.

The Englyshmen whiche went a lande, fell to drinking of
hote wines and were scace masters of theim selfes, some
ranne to the stewes, some brake hedges, and spoyled
orchardes and vyneyardes, and orynges before they were
rype, and did many other outragious dedes : wherfore the
chefe of the toune of Caleys, came to coruplaine to the lorde
Darcie in hys shippe, whiche sent forth his Provost Marshall,
which scacelie with peyne refrayned the yomen archers, they
were so hote and wyllfuU, yet by commaundement and
policie, they were al brought on borde on their shippes.

Saterdaye the eight daye of June, the By«hop of and

other of the kynges counsaill, arryved at Caleys, and there
abode tyll wednysdaye, beyng the even of Corpus Christy, at
whiche daye the lord Capitayne toke lande, and was honour-
ably received of the kynge of Arragons counsayll, and on
the morow highly fested at dynner and supper. And after
supper, the Byshop declared the kyng of Arragons pleasure
saiyng : my lorde Capitayne, the kyng my master in mooste
humble wyse geveth you thankes for your greate paynes
and travell, as muche as though he proceded in this pre-
tensed enterpryce, but he with the advice of his counsayll
circumspectly, consideryng the suertie of his awne realmes
and dominions hathe perfectie knowlege, that his adversarye
of Fraunce, prepareth to invade hys countreis in hys absence :
wherfore he entendyng not to leve his Realmes, voyde of
men and shyppes (whiche myght be a great comfort to his
enemies to invade) and therfore he hathe taken an abstin-
ence of warre with the Moores tyll another tyme. Well
sayed the lorde Darcie, sythe it is fully concluded that we
shall do no service to your Master, we maye not saye
agaynst his determinacion, consyderyng we were sent to

hym,

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King Henry the VIII.

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hym, but surely it is agaynste my hart, whiche ever hath
desired to fyght agaynst Goddes enemies, but with your
conclusion, I and all myne muste be content. You do as
you should do, saied the Byshop, and the kynge my master
geveth lyke thankes to the kynge his sonne, and to you all,
as though he had preceded in his journey. And you shall
have wages for all your souldlers : And if it shall please you
to come to the court, you shall receyve hygh thankes of the
kyng, and suche chere as there can be made you. That is
not my desyre sayed the Lorde Darcie, for my men shall not
saye that I brought them out of their countrey, and nowe to
do my selfe pleasure, leave theim without an hedde, as men
of men forsaken : Nay nay my lorde, the kynges banket is
not my desyre. So the lordes departed for the night, and
the next dai in the morning was sent wages, to conduict
tharmie into England, with diverse giftes geven to the lord
Darcie, and other gentle men : Yet that notwithstanding,
he was highly displeased, how beit like a wise man he
dissimuled the matter.

The same daie, beyng the xiiii. daie of June and Fridaie,
an Englishe man desired of a maide, that had been at the
Bakers to bye bread for her maistres store and not to sell,
to have a lofe for his money, she aunswered, that she had
none to sell, he said he would have one, and folowed her,
and when she perceived that, she cried, a force a force, the
tounes men of Caleis, or Caleis males, sodainly rong their
common bell, and al the toune went to harneis, and the
fewe Englishemen that wer on land went to their bowes.
The Spaniardes cast dartes, and sore anoyed and hurt the
Englishmen : and thei likewise hurt and slew diverse
Spanyardes. Then the Capitaines of Englande for their
part, and the lordes of the CounsaiU for their parte, toke
suche pain, that the fraie was seased, and but one Englishe-
man slain, and of the Spanyardes diverse slain.

Then all Englishe men were commaunded to go aborde
wyth theyr shippes. The lordes of Spayne came to the lorde
Darcie, saiyng : Sir, we praie you, sithe you knowe the
kynges pleasure and have your wages, that you with all
your people will go with your shippes awaie, for we perceive
you owe us some displeasure. Then he boldly answered
saiyng, that he woulde al the worlde knew, that he was as
able to conduit his menne homewarde, as he was to bryng

theim

King Henry the VIII.

33

theim out of their countrey, without the kyng of Arragons
wages, (savyng his honor) and as for the fraie, it was
agaynst his will and without his knowlege : and so that
night he and all his men, went aborde with theyr shippes.

When this jorney was come to this poynt, Henry Guil-
forde, Weston, Browen, and Willyam Sidney, young and
lustie Esquires, desired license to see the Courte of Spayne,
whiche was to theim graunted : and then thei departed
from Caleis, and came to the Courte of the kyng of Arragon,
wher thei wer highly entertained, and he dubbed Henry
Guildford, Weston, and Browne, knightes, and gave to sir
Henry Guilford a Canton of Granado, and to sir Weston,
and Browne, an Egle of Scicile on a cheiFe to the augmen-
tacion of their armes : William Sidney, so excused himself,
that he was not made knight, and when thei had sojornied
ther a while, they tooke their leave of the kyng and quene,
and so returned through Fraunce into England, wher they
demained themselfes so, that thei had the kynges favoure,
notwithstanding it was thought contrary,

Duryng whiche season the lorde Darcie, the xvii. dale of
June made saile towarde England, and arived at Plim-
mouthe, and came to the kyng at Wyndsore, and in August
thus ended this voyage.

Duryng the time that the Lorde Darcie was in Spayne,
the Ladie Margaret Duches of Savoy, and daughter to
Maximilian themperor, and governor of the countreis of
Flaunders, Brabant, Holland, Zelande and other the lowe
countres apperteinyng to Charles the yong prince of
Castell, then beyng of tendre age, sent in thend of Maii
to the kynge of England to have xv. c. archers, to aide her
against the duke of Geldres which sore trobled the countreis
aforsaid. The kyng tenderly regarding the request of so
noble a lady, and also because there was a communication
hangyng at their time of mariage, to be had betwene the
young Prince Charles, and the lady Marie his sister, moste
jently graunted her request and appoynted sir Edward
Powninges knight of the garter, and comptroller of his
house, a valiant capitain and a noble warrior, to be the
lieuetenaunt and conductor of the saied xv, c. archers, whiche
accompanied with the lord Clinton his sonne in lawe, sir
Mathew Browne, sir Jhon Dighby, Jhon Werton, Richard
Whethrill, Sherley Esquires and diverse tall gentelmen and

yomen,

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King Henry the VIII.

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[1511-12]

yomen, wel knowen men and tried, to the said nombreof
XV. c. toke their shipping a mile beside Sandwiche, the
xviii. daie of July, and landed at Arinew the xix. daie, not
without some troble by reason of a litle storme, and sent
Lancaster Herauld to advertise the lady of their arrivall,
which sent to them lord Bresley knight of the Toyson, and
diverse other to welcome them, and so conduited them to
Barow, where the lorde of the toune made theim great chere.
And the same daie at after none, came the lady Margaret
to Barow, where the capitain with al his under capitaines
received her at the gate, she welcomed them hartely, and
so she did all the souldiers whiche stode along reinged in
the strete. And on saterdaie beyng the xxvi. daie of July,
she sawe al the company shote, and the same night the
capitayn and other toke his leave of her, and the morowe
beeyng sondaie departed to Rossindale, and so on thursday
the last day of July came to Buldike, and that daie the
ladie Margaret came thether. And the next daie, the whole
army of Almaines, Fleminges, and other aperteignyng to
the saied lady, met with thenglishmen without Buldike,
where thei set furth in ordre, the lady Margaret being
present : which toke her leve of all the capitaines and
departed to Buldike, whome sir Edwarde Pownynges con-
duited to the toune gate, and after returned to tharmy.
Tharmie to the nombre of x. M. of the ladies parte and
XV. c. Englishmen passed through Brabant, and came the
x. dai of August beyng s. Laurence daie, before a litle
castle standyng on the higher side of the river of Mase
called Brimuoyst strongly Bulwarked, in the whiche wer
c. men belongyng to the bastard of Gelders, with a
capitaine called Lankessell van Gelder, whiche robbed and
spoyled all the parties of Brabant. Thei within shot
fiersly at tharmy as it passed by, and did them litle hurte.
The same night Thomas Hert chief gonner of thenglish
part, made his approch of his ordenaunce, and in the morning
bet doune as much as might be beaten doune for the bul-
warkes, and the next daie beyng the xi. of August the castle
was assaulted valiandy, and taken by force, and the capitain
and Ixxx. and od men were slain and xix. taken, of the whiche
xi. wer hanged, Jhon Morton capitain of c. Englishmen, and
one Guiot an esquire of Burgoyn crieng Burgoyn S. George :
there was one Englishman slain and no more.

On

King Henry the VIII.

35

On thursdaie the xiiii daie, tharmie feried over the river
of Mase into the land of Geldres, and there sojornied at a
litle churche, of our ladye daie the Assumpcion that night,
and the nexte daie thei came to a toune called Aiske, be-
longyng to the Bastarde Geldres : where all the people wer
fled, and there was undermined and caste doune, a litle
castle standyng of the sayd river newly edified.

The XX. of August thei brent the toune of Aiske, and
brent al the countrey about, and came at last to a toune
called Straulle, a strong toune double diked and walled, and
within it iii. C. Ix. good men of warre beside the inhabit-
auntes, whiche at the firste commyng shot Gonnes fiercely
and hurte many, and there they planted their siege.

Sir Edward Pounynges, whiche ever was in the forward
with his archers, caused fagottes to be made, and trenches
to be digged and cast and his men wer so dihgent, that
his trenche in the mornyng approched so nye the toune
gate, that thei within wer halfe dismaied : and desired to
speake with the Lordes, and so thei did. And on S. Bar-
thelmewes even, were sixe men sent out of the toune to
treate, and sixe hostages delivered for theim, and then it
was agreed that all men of warre should departe with a
white sticke in their handes, and to forfet all other thynges,
and al the toune dwellers to bee prisoners at the will of the
Prince of Castle. The next daie, after the men of warre
were departed, erly in the morning sir Jhon Dighby knight,
and Jhon Norton Esquire, toke possession of the toune with
CC. English menne: and at after None the Admiral of
Flaunders, sir Edward Pounynges, and the lorde Discilstain,
chief capitaines of tharmie, with all other noble men, with
Trumpettes, and Arthois and Lancaster, and Ostriche,
officers at armes in their coates of armes before theim
gorgeously apareled, entered the toune, and in the toune
hall, toke thothe of thinhabitantes, and that night returned
to their armie.

The xxvi. daie of the same moneth, sir Jhon Dighby, and
Jhon Norton, came out of the toune with al their English-
men, and for them entered a capitain called Yonker Otes,
with CC.l. Almaines, to kepe there a garrison, the whiche
daie the armie went before Venlow and sent Artois with a
trumpet to somon the toune : but thei would not here them
speke, but shot gunnes at theim. The xxviii. daie, the

armye

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armye removed unto the Northside of Venlow, and part
went over the water and made trenches to the water. The
capitain of the Englishemen made trenches even to the
toune diche, and the artilerie bet doune the towers of
the walks, and every daie was some skirmishe. And the
xxix. daie as certain Englishemen went a foragyng, it hap-
pened X. of sir Jhon Dighbes men to go v. mile from the
armie, and to mete with xxiiii. horsmen of Geldres which
set on them, but they withdrew themselfes into a litle
garden, and shot at their enemies, and slewe two horsmen
and V. horses, gauled and hurte many of them, discomfited
the remnant, and brought two great horses to tharmie, and
every man was sore hurte, but in no perel of death thanked
be God. The siege thus continuyng, not without skir-
mishes xxix. dales sir Edward Pounynges, and sir Jhon
Dighby dined with monsire de Rony and all other Englishe
capitaines, and petie Capitaines, dined with an Almain called
Clene Anderline, except sir Mathew Broune, and Jhon
Fogge, whiche kepte the felde, and Richard Wethill, whiche
kepte the trenche and was sore besette : and in the dinner
tyme, thei of the toune issued out on thenglishemen, and
hurte and toke one Sheldwiche of Canterbury prisoner, and
one Miles : and thenglishemen hurt and slew many of theim,
and compelled theim to returne by force of Arrowes, and so
thei reculed with one prisoner. For Miles, which was led
betwene two of the Geldres, perceiving rescue comming,
after as he came to an hyll thrust the two Gelders doune the
hill before him, and so ranne backe to his compaignie, whiche
thyng the two Geldres that led him perceiving ranne to
Sheldwiche and slew him. The Burgonions perceiving,
that sir Edwarde Powninges was displeased with this
chaunce, exhorted him with his menne to assault the toune,
whiche, by thadvise of bastard Emery answered that the
cause was theirs, and not his Maysters : and if he gattc
the toune by assaulte, the king his Master should not have
it, but if they would geve the assault, he woulde joyne with
theim, whiche thing thei would not do, because thei had
kinsemen and frendes within the toune : savyng one daie a
few Almaines assaulted a Bulwerke, and wer slain and taken.
The Englishe capitaines perceiving that thei laie there in
vaine, consideryng the strength of the toune, and also how
their armye was not in numbre to environ the toune, for

ever

King Henry the VIII.

'hi

ever thei had one Gate open, wrote to the kyng, which
willed them with all spede to returne, and so thei did.

Sir Edward Powninges went to the Court of Burgoyn,
where he was highly entertayned of the young prince, and
the Lady Margaret his aunte, and received great thankes
and giftes for hys pain. And other capitaines, as syr Jhon
Norton, sir Jhon Fogge, sir Jhon Scot, and syr Thomas
Lind, were made knightes of the Prince. And the lady
Margaret, perceiving the coates of the souldiers to be foule
with liyng on the ground (for every man lai not in a tent)
gave to every yoman a cote of wolen clothe of yalowe, red,
white and grene coloures, not to her litle laude and praise
emong thenglishemen. After that sir Edward Ponynges
had ben highly feasted, and more praised of all men for his
valiantnes, and good ordre of his people, he returned with
his compaignie into England, and had lost by warre and
sickenes, not fully an C. persones.

When the Englishemen were departed, Geldres issued
out daily, and made skirmishes and fraies with the Bur-
gonions, and asked for theyr Archers, and Winter beganne
sharpelye to approche, and by aboundaunce of raine, the
river of the Masse roase so high, that the Trenches were
drouned, and of force men were compelled to remove.
And when the Capitaines considered the strengthe of the
Towne, how it was fortified, victailed and manned, and
how by the risyng of the River it was made stronger : thei
determined to raise the Siege, and to burne and destroye
all the Villages and Tounes aboute, of the which toune of
Venlow, would have succor in winter, and to mete again,
at the Prime time of the yere. Thus was the siege raised,
and the countrey wasted and spoyled, and then every capi-
tain returned home.

In June the kyng beyng at Leicester, tidynges wer
brought to him, that Andrew Barton a Scottishe manne,
and a pirate of the sea, saiyng that the kyng of Scottes,
had warre with the Portlngales, did rob every nacion, and
so stopped the kynges stremes, that no merchauntes almost
could passe, and when he toke thenglishmenes goodes, he
said they wer Portyngales goodes, and thus he haunted and
robbed at every havens mouthe. The kyng moved greately
with this craftie pirate, sent sir Edmond Haward lord Ad-
miral of England, and lord Thomas Haward sonne and

heire

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heire to therle of Surrey, in all the hast to the sea, whiche
hastely made redy two shippes, and without any more
abode, toke the sea, and by chaunce of wether were
severed. The lorde Haward Hyng in the Dounes, per-
ceived where Andrew was making toward Scotlande, and so
fast the saied lorde chased him, that he overtooke hym, and
there was a sore battaill : thenglishmen wer fierce, and the
Scottes defended them manfully, and ever Andrew blewe
his whistell to encorage his men, yet for al that, the lord
Haward and his men, by cleane strength entred the mayne
decke : then the Englishemen entred on all sides, and the
Scottes foughte sore on the hatches, but In conclusion,
Andrewe was taken, whiche was so sore wounded, that he
died there : then all the remnaunte of the Scottes wer
taken, with their shippe called the Lion.

Al this while, was the lorde Admirall in chace of the Barke
of Scotlande, called Jenny Pirwyn, whiche was wont to
saile with the Lion in compaignie, and so muche did he
with other, that he laied him on borde, and fiercely assailed
him, and the Scottes as hardy and well stomaked men
them defended, but the lorde Admirall so encoraged his
men, that they entered the Barke and slewe many, and toke
aU the other.

Thus wer these two shippes taken, and brought to Blacke
Wal, the seconde dale of August, and al the Scottes were
sent to the Bishoppes place of Yorke, and there remained
at the kynges charge, til other direccion was taken for
theim.

After this, the kyng sent the bishop of Winchester, and
certain of his counsaill, to tharchebishop of Yorkes place,
wher the Scottes wer prisoners : and ther the bishop
rehersed to them, wher as peace was yet between England
and Scotland, that thei contrary to that, as theves and
pirates, had robbed the kynges subjectes within his stremes :
wherfore, thei had deserved to die by the law, and to be
hanged at the low water marke. Then said the Scottes, we
knowlege our oiFence, and aske mercie and not the lawe.
Then a priest, which was also prisoner said, my lordes we
appele from the kinges justice to his mercy. Then the
bishop asked him if he wer aucthorised by them to sai so,
and thei cried al yea yea, then said he, you shal find the
kinges merci above his justice. For wher you wer ded bi

the

King Henry the VIII.

39

the law, yet by his merci he wil revive you, wherfor, you
shal depart out of this realme wythin xx. daies, upon pain
of death, if you be founde after the xx. daie, and praie for
the kyng, and so they passed into the Countrey.

The kyng of Scottes, hearyng of the death of Andrewe
of Barton, and takyng of his two shippes, was wonderfull
wrothe, and sent letters to the kyng, requiryng restitucion,
accordyng to the league and amitie. The kyng wrote with
brotherly salutacions to the kyng of Scottes, of the robberies
and evill doynges of Andrewe Barton, and that it became not
one Prince to laie a breache of a league to another Prince
in doyng Justice upon a pirate or thiefe, and that al the
other Scottes that were taken, had deserved to dye by Justice,
if he had not extended his mercie : and with this answere,
the Scottishe Herauld departed home.

Duryng this season, there began greate warre, betwene
Pope July and the Frenche kyng, Loys the XII. : the
occasion beganne by one Jhon Bentivoyle, a greate lorde of
Italie, whiche kepte the citee of Boloigne le Grace from the
Pope, whiche, by the aide of the Frenche kyng, gatte the
saied citee from the forenamed Jhon Bentivoyle : but
afterward, because the saied Pope July tooke peace with the
Venecians, the French kyng turned from the Pope, and
made warre on hym, in the behalfe of Jhon Bentivoyle, and
toke from hym again the said citee of Boloigne.

The kyng of Englande wrote often to kyng Loys of
Fraunce to desist from the persecutyng of the Pope, which
was his frende and confederate : to which writyng he gave
litle regard, wherefore, the kyng sent him woorde, to deliver
hym his lawfull enheritaunce, bothe of the Duchie of Nor-
mandie and Guyan, and the countreis of Anjow and Mayne,
and also of his Croune of Fraunce, els he would come with
suche a power, that by fine force he would obtein his pur-
pose. For al these writinges, the Frenche kyng still made
warre in Italie, and the kyng could of him have no certain
nor determinate answere. Wherefore, after greate deliber-
acion had, by the advise of his counsaiU, he determined to
make warre on the Frenche kyng, and his countreis, and
called to him Maximilian the Emperor, and Ferdinand kyng
of Arragon, and diverse other princes, and made preparacion,
bothe by sea and by lande, and fortified his frontiers against
Fraunce, and set furth shippes to the sea for defence of

his

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King Henry the VIII.

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his merchauntes, whiche wer daily in jeoperdy, under a pre-
tensed peace of the Frenche kyng, Lewes the XII.

The kyng this yere kept the feast of Christmas at Grene-
wiche, wher was such abundaunce of viandes served, to all
comers of any honest behavior, as hath been fewe times
seen. And against Newieres night, was made in the halle
a castle, gates, towers, and dungion, garnished wyth artilerie
and weapon after the most warlike fashion : and on the
frount of the castle was written le Fortresse dangerus, and
within the castle were vi. ladies, clothed in Russet Satin,
laide all over with leves of Golde, and every owde, knit with
laces of blewe silke and golde. On their heddes, coyfes,
and cappes all of golde.

After this castle had been caried about the hal, and the
quene had behelde it, in came the kyng with five other,
appareled in coates, the one halfe of russet satyn, spangled
with spangles of fine gold, the other halfe riche clothe of
gold, on their heddes cappes of russet satin, embroudered
with workes of fine gold bullion. These vi. assaulted the
castle, the ladies seyng them so lustie and coragious, were
content to solace with them, and upon farther communi-
cacion, to yeld the castle, and so thei came doune and
daunced a long space. And after the ladies led the knightes
into the castle, and then the castle sodainly vanished out of
their sightes.

On the daie of the Epiphanie at night, the kyng with
xi. other wer disguised, after the maner of Italie, called
a maske, a thyng not seen afore in Englande, thei were
appareled in garmentes long and brode, wrought all with
gold, with visers and cappes of gold, and after the banket
doen, these Maskers came in, with sixe gentlemen dis-
guised in silke bearyng stafFe torches, and desired the
ladies to daunce, some were content, and some that knewe
the fashion of it refused, because it was not a thyng com-
monly seen. And after thei daunced and commoned
together, as the fashion of the Maskes is, thei toke their
leave and departed, and so did the Quene, and all the
ladies.

The XV. daie of Januarij began the Parliament, where
the Bisshop of Cantorburie began his oracion with this
verse, Justicia et pax osculate sunt, upon whiche, he
declared how Justice should be ministered, aiid peace

should

King Henry the VIII.

41

should bee nourished, and by what meanes, Justice was
put by, and peace turned into warre. And there upon he
shewed, how the French kyng would do no Justice, in
restoryng the kyng his right enheritaunce, wherfore, for
lacke of Justice, peace of necessitie must turne to warre.

In this Parliament was graunted, twoo fiftenes of the
temporaltie, and of the clergie two dismes : Duryng
which Parliament, one Newbolt yoman of the kynges
Garde, whom the kyng highly favored, slewe wilfuUy a
servaunt of my lorde Willoughbies, in the palaice at West-
minster, wherfore, the kyng abhorryng that deede, and
settyng a side al afFeccion, caused him to be hanged in
the Palaice of Westminster, wher he hong twoo daies, in
example of other.

In this season, one Jherome Bonvise, whiche was borne in
Luke, and was a factor in London for Merchauntes of that
nacion, and had plaied Bankroute, and was conveighed out
of the real me for debt, was nowe in suche favor with Pope
July, that he made hym his Collector, and Proctor in
England : and so he kept a greate porte, and resorted to
the kyng and his counsaill, for the Popes affaires, (which
then was sore troubled by the Frenche kyng) so that he
knewe, bothe the Popes counsaill, and the kynges, and
falsly and untruly, resorted by nighte, to the Frenche
Ambassadors, liyng in London, and to theira discovered,
what the kyng and the Pope entended, which was not so
closly doen, but the king knewe it : and so he was laied
for, and was taken commonyng, with one of the said Am-
bassadors, upon London wall at midnight, and brought to
the Tower, where he remained, till by the suite of his
frendes, he was delivered, and shortly for shame, voyded
the realme.

After that it was concluded, by the body of the Realme,
in the high Courte of Parliament assembled, that warre
should bee made on the Frenche kyng and his dominions,
the kyng with all diligence caused newe shippes to be made
and repaired, and rigged the old, caused Gonnes, Bowes,
Arrowes, and al other artilery, and instrumentes of warre
to be made, in suche nombre and quantitee, that it was
wonderfuU to se what thynges wer doen, bothe for sea and
lande in so shorte space.

The kyng of Arragon, whiche also had warre with the

French

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King Henry the VIII.

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French kyng, and hearyng that his sonne the kyng of
England would make warre in Fraunce, did write to hym
that the duchie of Guyan was his true enhe'-'taunce, whiche
adjoyned to his countrey of Biskey : wherfore, if the kyng
of Englande would entende to recover his Duchy first, and
send an armie of men to Biskaye, and so to begin at Bayon,
whiche is the keye of Guyan, he would aide them with
ordinaunce, horsemen, and beastes for cariages, with other
necessaries apperteignyng to the same.

The kyng and his counsaill, puttyng their affiaunce in
the promise of the kyng of Arragon, prepared a noble
armie al of fotemen, and smal ordinaunce, trustyng to the
kyng of Arragon for aide of horsemen and greate ordi-
naunce, and of the same made capitain, the noble lorde
Thomas Grey Marques of Dorset, to whom, he assigned
many other gendemen, as you shall here after in the next
yere.

THE nn. YERE.

THE kyng greatly studiyng, to furnishe furthe his
warre, whiche he had begonne against the Frenche
kyng, caused sir Edwarde Hawarde his Admirall,
with all diligence to take the sea, whiche, with all spede
possible made ready diverse goodly and tal shippes, as the
soyereigne and other to the nombre of xviii. beside lide
shippes : and in his compaignie were Capitaines, syr Weston
Browne, Griffith Doune, Edwarde Cobham, Thomas Wyn-
dam, Thomas Lucie, Willyam Pirton, Henry Shirborne,
Stephen Bull, George Witwange, Jhon Hopton, Willyam
Gimstone, Thomas Draper, Edmond Coke, Jhon Bordet,
with diverse other. When all these were shipped, they
sailed to Dover, and skowred the seas, and so came before
Portesmouthe, about the middes of Maye.

The third daie of Maie, a gentleman of Flaunders, called
Guyot of Guy, came to the kynge, wyth v. C. Almaines al
m white, whyche was cutte so small, that it could scace hold
together. After they had mustered at Blacke Hethe, the
kyng made hym knight, and gave hym a greate chayne, and
a yerely pencion, and sent hym with his band to South-
ampton. About midde Maie, the lorde Marques and other
noble men, appoynted by the kyng for the jorney of Biskay,

as

King Henry the VIII.

43

as the Lorde Hawarde, sonne and heire to the erle of

Surrey, the Lorde Broke, the Lorde Willoughby, the Lorde

Ferrers, the lorde Jhon, the lorde Anthony, and the lorde

Leonard Grey, all three brethren to the Marques, sir Griffith

App Riche, sir Mooreis Barkeley, sir Wylliam Sandes, the

Baron of BurfFord, sir Richard Cornwal his brother,

William Huse, Jhon Melton, Willyam Kyngston Esquires,

sir Henry Willoughby, and diverse other with souldiours,

to the nomber of x. M. men, came to Southamton and

there mustered. To se the lordes and gentelmen, so well

armed and so richely appareled in clothes of gold, and of

silver, and Velvettes of sundery coloures, pounsed and en-

broudered, and all petie capitaines in Satin and damakse, of

white and grene, and yomen in clothe of the same coloures.

The Baners, Penons, Standerdes, and Gittons, fresh and

newly painted, with sundry beastes and devises, it was a

pleasure to behold. And when sir Willyam Sandes knight,

appoynted Threasorer for the warres had paied all the wages,

then every man was commaunded to his shippe. Then you

should have sene byndyng of males, and fardelles, trussyng

of coiFers and trussers, that no manne was idle : and so on

the xvi. dale, al the armie were shipped in Spanishe shippes,

vitailed for that jorney, and passed the Nedles of Wight all

the same dale, and so did the Lorde Admirall, whiche laie

abidyng the wynde at Portesmouth, and toke his course to

Britain, of whom I will speke after.

The wynde served the Marques and his compaigne so
well, that he with his whole armie arrived in Biskay, at
a porte called Passagh, Sou the West of Fountrabie. The
thirde dale of June, the lorde Marques and all his faire
compaignic landed, and tooke the fielde, and him wisely
embattailed for his savegard. The Biskaynes that brought
vitaile to the armie, saied to the souldiours : Sirs you bee
arrived her, in trust that the kyng of Arragon will helpe
you with ordinaunce and cariages, we here no preparacion
that he maketh, nor never sent us worde to prepare for
your comming, of the whiche wee marvell muche. These
wordes ranne daily through the hoste, whiche made many
men sad and to muse : and the Biskanes sore feared, least
thenglishmen would destroye their countrey, because their
kyng kepte not promise with theim, but the Marques made
suche streight Proclamacion, that no souldiour durste do

any

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King Henry the VIII.

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any injur ie to them. Within three daies after that the
armie had lien in the feld, there came to him an erle, and
another noble man, to welcome hym and his compaignie.
Then the Lorde capitayn removed his field, and toke another
place nerer Fountraby, more plenteous of water and woode,
and there pitched his fielde, every daie lookyng for aide of
the kyng of Arragon, but he harde of none. Then he
called a Counsail, and devised how thei might have beastes
to draw ordinaunce and cariages : then one sir Jhon Stile
an Englishman, caused to be bought twoo C. Mulettes and
Asses, of suche price as the Spanyardes gayned greatly, and
when they were put to cary, they would neither here nor
drawe, for they were beastes which were not exercised
afore. Then the lorde Marques muche lamented that
chaunce, for if he had had redy two hundred drawyng
beastes, he might have runne a great waie in Guian with
his power, whiche then was not fortified, neither of men of
warre, nor municions, nor artilarie.

The Frenchemen of Bayon, hearyng of the Englishe-
mennes campe, made a greate askry betwene the river of
sainct Maria and Bayon : the Englishmen perceivyng the
same, passed the river in good ordre of battail, al being on
foote for lacke of the horsmen that the kyng of Arragon
promised, and so with arrowes chased the Frenchemen on
horsebackes that thei fled, and many horses foundered, and
many a man was brosed or thei came to Bayon : at the
whiche thenglishmen laughed and lamented. Firste, to se
their cowardnes, second, to remembre what thei might have
doen, if thei had had horses mete for their purpose : yet all
thys notwithstandyng, thei retired to their campe in suche
ordre, that the Spanyardes wondered muche, bothe at their
fierce cor age and sobre ordre.

The kyng of Navar, hearyng of the puissaunt armie of
the English men liyng in Biskey so nere to his countrey,
was sore troubled, and wondered much what the matter
should meane : wherfore, he sent to the lord Marques, a
bisshop and diverse other, to shewe to hym and all his
counsaill, that if it pleased them, his countrey should sende
them victaill, and al thynges necessarie for their money,
and to do any other pleasure that thei could do, whiche might
be to the pleasure of hym and all his armie, so that his realme
should be sure of any invacions to be made by his people.

The

King Henry the VIII.

45

The Marques beyng capitain generall, with the advise of
the other Lordes and counsaill, muche highly thanked the
kyng of Navar of his good wil, aide, and comfort, which
thinges onely they required : and if it pleased him, that his
people will and maie victaill us, we shall not onely paie
theim for it, but also warraunt the passyng and repassing
for us and oures in savetie, and that by us no prejudice
shalbee dooen to hys realme, nor by our consent. With
whiche answere the kyng of Navar was joyous, and suffered
his people to victaill, and resort to the hooste, with al
thinges necessarie and belongyng to the same, in greate
windes and stormes, for that tyme happened muche wind
and raine, whiche sore encombered the souldiours, that laye
nightly on the bare grounde, for every man had not a tent
or pavilion, whereof some wer lame, and some defFe, with
other diseases.

When the armie had lien there xxx. daies, in the seconde
moneth ther came from the kyng of Arragon, a bisshop
and other nobles of his counsail : but when it was knowen
that it was the same bisshop that made the answere to the
lorde Darcie at Cales Males, as you have hard the last yere,
then many said, he came for no good but for delaies : but
he required the lorde Marques to take pacience, for shortly
suche preparacion should be made, that he should se and
prove, that it should be to the honor of his Master, and to
his great renoune : to whom the Marques answered, that
upon confidence of the king of Arragons promise that thei
should lacke no beastes mete for drawyng, and horsemen,
the kyng of England had sent him and his compaignions
thether, whereof we have trusted sithe our firste hether
commyng, whiche thynges if we had had, we had doen
other enterprises then we have doen : for now we have
lien here in campe, to the great charge of our Master, the
kyng of England, and to no profite, and to our losse and
great hurt. For at our arrival! the countrey of Guyan for
the which we came, was unprovided of men of warr, muni-
cions, and ordinaunce, by reason whereof (if all thynges
had been accomplished of the part of your Master as we
trusted) we might have had that whiche we came for,
and if our commission had not been to folowe the kyng
your Masters wil, as to whom we bee sent, I assure you we
would have dooen other wise or this : but now the French-

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men have fortefied, victalled, and manned their tounes, and
wee have spent tyme and dooen nothyng at all, lyngeryng
for the kyng your Master, to the losse of us and great
blemishyng of our honours.

The bisshop perceivyng that the Englishe capitaines wer
couragious and discontent with their idle abode, flatteryngly
desired theim to tarry a while for the best, for a backe
enemie saied he, is to bee regarded. Then saide the lorde
Marques capitain general, if we knewe the Kynges entent,
it would suffice us. Then saied the bisshop, you shal
knowe it shortly : and so he departed frome the armie.

Tharmie this lyngering, ever desirous to be at the busines
that thei came for, their victaile was muche part Garlike, and
the Englieshmen did eate of the Garlike with all meates, and
dranke hote wynes in the hote wether, and did eate all
the hote frutes that thei could gette, which caused their
bloudde so to boyle in their belies, that there fell sicke
three thousande of the flixe, and thereof died xviii. hundred

men.

The lorde Marques and other capitaines perceivyng this
mischief, sent to the kyng of Arragon certain Lordes of
the hooste to know his pleasure. The whiche answered
them with gentle fashion, that the counsaill of Englande
and his counsaill, had taken an ordre in all thyng of late,
and how the duke Dalva a greate prince of Spain, should
shortly with an armie royall joyne with theim, and so to
procede in their enterprise. With whiche answere and
small chere, the lordes of Englande departed, and made
report to their capitain accordyng, whiche thought it verie
sleight, but ever he regarded his Masters commaundementj
and counsailed all the lordes to be content with the same.

The armie liyng thus still and the sickenes not slaked,
the people beyng idle, some evill disposed persones saied,
that every capitain was alowed viii.d. for a common
souldier, whiche was untrue, for thei had alowed onely vi.d.
and so began together compaignies, the lordes perceivyng
this, toke with them their trustie servauntes, and toke the
beginners of the mischief, whiche wer of the retinue of my
lorde Willoughby, and put them in warde. Whan thei wer
arrested, other of like evil disposicion began to crake and
face, whiche thyng beyng perceived, the lorde Marques by
the advice of other capitanes caused serche to bee made,

and

King Henry the VIII.

47

and so founde out the beginner of the mischiefj whiche
was delivered to "Willyam Kyngston Esquire then Provost
Marshall, and so was put to death to the terror of all other.
Duryng the tyme that the armie laie thus lyngering, the
Frenchmen diverse times came to behold the Englishemen,
and when thei sawe any part of the armie remove toward
theim, incontenent thei fled, and so the English archers
every dale went a forragyng on the borders of Guian
almoste to Bayon, and brent many pretie vilages, but ever
they desired to have tidynges of the king of Arragon, and
to know what thei should do, for they wer commaunded to
be ruled by them.

The Englishemen thus liyng idlely abidyng the aide of
the kyng of Arragon, tidynges came daily into the host,
how the Duke Dalva was commyng with a great puissaunce
to joyne with the English army, and so to invade Guyan :
thenglishe capitaines wer joyful of these tidynges, not
so muche for the aide of the Spanyardes which they litle
regarded, but for the beastes for cariage of greate artilerie,
whyche they brought not with theim, in hope of the kyng
of Arragons promes : for if thei had beastes for their
cariage, and greate ordinaunce accordyng to the apjpoynte-
ment, they would have doen otherwise, whiche thyng sore
greved their hartes.

Now thei thus lokyng for the Duke Dalva, hard every
daie how he marched towarde theim, and was within a dales
jorney or litle more of them, of the which the English-
men wer merveilous joyful, but the Duke which pretended
another thyng, sodainly removed his armie in a night with
such diligence that he entred the realme of Naver, and
was before the citie of Pampilona the chief citie of Naver
before the kyng wist of it, whiche nothyng suspected of
that poUicye,

Thus the kyng was sodainly trapped, supposyng tharmie
of Spain to have been reised to invade Guyan, and havyng
nothyng defensable for the warre, in the night fled out at a
posterne into Fraunce where he after died. The citie of
Pampilona and all the countrey of Naver, being unpro-
vided of artilarie and other defences, yelded themselfes to
the Spanyardes, and thus was the realme of Naver wonne,
which thyng made the lorde Marques and his compainie
not a litle to marvell. So shortely after came to the lorde

capitain

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capltain and the Englishemen, diverse Lordes sent from the
Kyng of Arragon, whiche saied : The kyng our soveraigne
lord, sendeth to you great gramercles, and highly thanketh
you for your pain, and so it is that by Goddes grace and
your good abode, he with his power hath taken and con-
quered the realme of Naver, and if that countrey had not
bee taken, thei might have intercepted all suche ordinaunce
and victail, as the king of Arragon our master might have
sent to you, but now you bee in suche a suretie and his
puyssaunce with you and yours with his, that ye male
savely joyne, whiche you shall see shortly, ye and he hymself
in proper person to joyne with you. Well said the lorde
Marques capitain generall, we have sojeourned long here
abidyng his commyng, and if the commission and expresse
commaundement of the king my sovereigne lord wer not,
that I should do nothing without the assent of the king your
master, I assure you that the French menne should have
knowen that Englishmen had been heere, and not to have
lien so long in idelnes as we have done : but if thee kyng
your master doo as you reporte, it shalbe muche to his
honor and to our greate comforte, and so the lordes of
Spayne departed.

As the armie of Englishmen thus laie in campe, there was
a village called Sancta Maria, in whiche diverse of the Eng-
lishemen, and especially suche as have ben sicke, resorted and
reposed theimself, not to the litle advantage of the toune, so it
fortuned that a Spanyarde gave evil language to an Englishe-
man, whiche gave him a buffet on the face, the toune rose and
sett on the Englisheman, and gathered in suche a multitude,
that the Englisheman whiche was the first beginner was slain,
because onely thre Englishemen came to his rescue, whiche
wer all hurte. The Almaynes that laie at the tounes ende,
strake Alarum whiche hearyng the campe, cried to harnes
every man. The tidinges were brought to the campe, that
thei of the toune had slain an Englishman, and would bid
battaill : the souldiers hearyng this, in a rage ranne to the
toune in suche maner, that the capitaines could not stale
them, and slew and robbed the people without mercy. The
people fled over the water into Guian. The capitaines seeyng
this with their privie servauntes kepte thee straightes, by
the which the souldiers returned with pillage and naperie,
brasse, pewter, beddes, plate, and other houshold stuffe, and

apparell

King Henry the VIII.

apparell which was commaunded to be layd doune by the
lordes on a hepe. And after the lordes went to the toune
to se what harme the Englishmen had doen, there thei found
many Biskaynes slain, and the toune robbed, and the people
fled. Then thei by sobre meanes and gentle exhortacion,
brought al the souldiers to the campe : then Proclamacion
was made that every man upon payn of death should bring
lin his pillage. Now ther wer xxi. men of whom one was
a gentelman whiche had taken awaie x. thousand Duckates,
who fled toward Gascoyne and were taken, and brought
before the lord capitayn, and other, and adjudged to die :
of the whiche vii. wer put in execucion, and the other xiiii.
should have died the morow after, if the lordes of Spaine
had not ben there at their judgement which with greate
diligence and labor gat their pardon : and so all the pillage
almost was restored, and the countrey pacified.

Then one daie the Frenchemen whiche hard of this riot
and trouble in the hoste, issued out of Baion toward the
Englishemennes armie, the Englishmen hearing thereof,
marched toward them, and when the French men perceived
that thei were askried, thei sodainly returned. Thenglish-
menne perceiving that the Frenchemen would not tarie,
went to a good toune called sainct Jhon de Luce, and brent,
robbed, and killed the inhabitauntes, and so from thence
spoiled diverse other villages aboute the borders of Guyan.
Thus the armie laie til the moneth of October, and winter
began sore to encrease, and the lord Marques capitain
generall fell sore sicke, and then the lord Haward had under
hym the whole governaunce of tharmy, to whom wer sent
divers lordes of the privy counsail of Spain saiyng : the
kyng our master sendeth you word, that he would gladly
come to you but the ceason is spent, the ground is so moyst
that cariage cannot be conveighed, the feldes so barrain that
beastes cannot fede, and the wether so troubleous that people
cannot wel lye abrode in campe : therfore he would desire
you, al these thinges considred, to breke up your feld, and
sever your self to the tounes and villages of his countrey,
tyll the spring of the yere, at whiche tyme there shall resorte
to you freshe succors out of Englande, and he hymself will
be with you with al ordenaunce necessary as becommeth to
suche an armye, and then shall procede the first pretensed
enterprice, to the honor of the kyng your master and

ours,

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ours, and not to your small fame and renoune. When
this message was hard by the whole counsaill, no manne
was .contented, but the lorde Haward which had the whole
govern aunce under the Marques saied : what report of
honor can wee make of the kyng of Arragon your master,
for at his desier we be come hether, and here have lien in
campe a long space, ever tarieng for performaunce of his
promise, and yet nothing hath he performed, our people-
be dedde of the flixe in greate numbre : we gentelmen
everychone doth muche lament this long idelnes, by reason
where of many a tall man having nothyng to do but abiding
your masters pleasure hath fallen to some mischief, or by
sicknes, or els for misdoyng executed by Justice. What
shall the kyng our master report of our slothfulnes, whiche
hath spent hym innumerable treasure and nothinge gained }
And yet we would make Winter warre, and the king of
Arragon your master us denieth of suche thinges as hee
promised, and willeth us like cowardes to our dishonor,
to reise our Campe without any notable act doen to the
frenchemen, for which cause we came.

The Spaniardes perceiving the grudge of the Englishe-
men, sayed that tyme passed could not be revoked, and
that they had not lien idely, for the frontiers of Guian had
sustetned such dammage, as in many yeres thei shall not
recover again, and all this while the Frenchmen durst not
medle with you, so that you have lost no honor, and if you
tary here this Winter by your daily Skirmishyng, thei shall
receive greate damage : duryng whiche time, the kyng our
master hath commaunded, the thinges mete and necessary
for you to be at your commaundement, and in the spring
of the yere he shall joyne with you, soo that your enemies
and his shall well knowe your puissaunce, for he taketh all
enemies too you to be his, so with faire wordes the counsaill
of Spayn departed.

Then the lorde Haward beyng chief, because the Marques
was sick, counsailed with all the other lordes and capitaines,
and so in the end of October thei agreed to breake up their
campe, and so thei did, and thee lorde Marques and his
people went to sainct Sebastian, thee lord Haward and his
retinew to Rendre, and the lord Willoughby to Garschang, sir
Wiliam Sandes and many other capitaines to Fountrabie,and so
every capitain with his retinew wer severed in diverse villages.

The

King Henry the VIII.

51

The Englishe souldiers, what for sickenes, and what for
miserie of the countrey, ever desired to returne into Eng-
land. The kyng of England advertised by the kyng of
Arragon of his entent, and how he would set forward the
first spryng, sent Wynsore his Herauld of Armes to hys
armie willyng them there to tary, and that he would lende
them new aide, under the conduite of the lorde Harbert his
Chamberlain : which letter when it was redde, the souldiers
began to murmure and grudge after such a sort, saiyng :
that thei would not abide and dye of the flixe in such a
wretched countrey, to be defrauded and mocked of the kyng
of Arragon the next yere, as thei wer this yere, and spake
such outragious wordes, that the capitain could not stale
them, in so much that thei in a fury had slain the lord
Haward and diverse other, if thei had not folowed their
myndes, and so thei hired shippes and putte the lorde
Marques in one, whiche was so weake that he asked where he
was : and then every man shipped, whiche was in Novembre,
and in the beginnyng of decembre thei landed in Englande.
The kyng of Arragon was sore discontent with their de-
partyng, for thei spent much money and substaunce in his
countrey, and saied openly, that if thei had taried he would
have invaded Guyan, and the Englishemen wer glad that
thei were departed out of such a countrey, wher thei had
litle health, lesse pleasure and much losse of tyme : but by
their liyng there, the Kyng of Arragon stale the realme of
Nauer, and the Englishemen left as muche money there, as
he sent into England with his daughter.

When the Marques sailed into Spayne in the moneth of
May, the same tyme sir Edward Haward Lorde Admirall of
Englande, as you have hard before, sailed toward Britain, and
on Trinitie Sundaie arrived at Bertram Bay in Britain, with
XX. great shippes, and sodainly set his men on lande : then
the Britaynes made an askrie, and sette their beacons on
fire, and shot out of a bulwarke that they had fortified at the
poynt of the Baye, but the Englishemen whiche wer in the
ship of Willyam Gonstone Grocer of London, toke first
land maugre them all, and al other after, and so manfully
thei set on the bulwarke that thei wan it, and the Britans
fled and many slain. Then the Admirall set his men in
an ordre, and passed in the countrey seven myles,. burnyng
and wastyng tounes and villages : and in his returne he

skirmished

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skirmished with diverse men of armes and slewe diverse of
theim, and notwithstandyng the Britons fought valiauntly
for defence of their countrey, yet thei lost and nothing
wan : and so the lorde Admirall returned to his shippe.

Upon mondaie the xxiii. day of May he landed in the
mornyng, and commaunded to burne the lorde Piers Meguns
place, and the toune of Conket and diverse other places,
and chased the Britones to the Castle of Brest, and for all
assembles and showes that the Britons made, yet thei suiFered
the Englishmen peaceably to returne with their praies and
gaines. The Britons seyng the hurte that the navie of Eng-
land did to them, saide : alas the king of Englande hath
ever before this time succoured us, and now he entendeth to
destroy us, shame come to him that is the cause thereof.

The first daie of June the Englishemen toke lande in
Croiton Bay : then the Lordes of Britain sent worde to the
Lord Admirall, that if he would abide, thei would fight with
him in plain felde. The Admirall rewarded the messenger,
and said, go say to them that sent the, that al this daie thei
shall finde me here, tarieng their comming. Then he to
encourage diverse gentelmen dubbed theim knightes, as sir
Edward Broke brother to the lorde Cobham, sir Griffithe
Doune, sir Thomas Windam, sir Thomas Lucie, sir WiUiam
Pirton, sir Henry Shirborne, sir Stephen BuU, sir Jhon
Burdett : Then the lorde Admirall highly incouraged his
men, when he saw the Britons come, which was x. thousand
at the least, the Englishemen but onely xxv. C. or fewe
above, bidding them remembre the honor and renoune that
should come to them, if thei gained the jorney, and yet if
thei wer slain, their valiauntnes was to be praised, and
their true diligence to do their master service much to be
allowed.

When the Britons sawe the ordre of the Englishmen
and their banners displaied, thei wer sodainly astonied, then
a gentelman of Britain of muche experience, advised the
other capitaines not to fight, but to returne a litle and to
take a strong grounde, and to watche the Englishemen, when
thei returned to ther shippes, and then to take thavauntage.
And so the captaines began to returne : and when the
commons saw them returne, al thei raune awaie as faste as
thei might, supposyng that their capitaines had seen or
knowen some great perell toward them, because thei were

not

King Henry the VIII.

53

not privy of their Capitaines counsail. And when thei came
home to their houses, some saied the battalU was greate,
and some saied that the Englishemen wer xl, thousande.
The lord Admirall seing this chaunce, when nighte came
departed to his shippes : but yet they knewe not why thei
fled, till after he hard the truthe. The gentelmen of Britain
called a greate counsaill, saiyng that the Englishemen daily
wasted the countrey on the sea cost, and that there was
no trust in the commonalty, and that the gentelmen alone
could not defende the countrey, wherfore thei concluded
to send a messenger to the lorde AdmiraU, desiring hym of
a safe conduite for diverse persones to speake with hym, the
which he gently graunted. Then certain lordes of Britain
toke a bote, and came to the ship of the lorde Admirall,
where he was set with all the counsaill of the captaines about
him. Then thei desired him humbly to surcest of his
rigorous and cruel warre, and especially of burning of tounes
whiche is to you no profite, and if you will have thee castle
of Brest, it shall be at your commaundement, so that you
be able to defend it, and we desire nothing so muche as
peace. Nay, saied the Lorde Admirall, wee are sent hether
to make warre and not peace. Then thei humblye required
hym for Goddes sake to graunt theim peace for sixe daies,
so that they might sende to the kyng their lorde, to adver-
tise him of their trouble and calamitie. Then the lorde
Admirall answered, that gentelmen ought to defend their
countrey by force, rather then to sue for peace : with the
whiche saiyng the Britons wer ashamed : yet thei hartely
thanked him, and so he made them a banket and thei
departed : and thei sent a land for freshe water and other
fresh victaUes, and then hearing that there wer men of
warre upon the sea, he coasted from them alongest al the
coastes of Normandy, stil skowring the seas, so that no
enemie appered : and at the last came and laie by the Isle
of Wight, to see if any enemies would appere on thenglishe
cost : duryng whiche time diverse shippes kept the North
seas under the conduite of sir Edward Ichingam, Jhon
Lewes, and Jhon Lovedaie, which dilygently skowred the

seas.

This yere the King had a solempne Justes at Grenewich
in June : firste came in ladies all in White and Red silke,
set upon coursers trapped in the same sute, freated over with

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gold, after whom folowed a fountain curiously made of
Russet Satin, with eight Gargilles spoutyng Water, within
the Fountain sat a knight armed at al peces. After thys
Fountain folowed a lady all in blacke silk dropped with fine
silver, on a courser trapped in the same. After folowed a
knight in a horslitter, the Coursers and litter appareled,
blacke with Silver droppes. When the Fountain came to the
tilt, the Ladies rode rounde about and so did the Fountain
and the knight within the litter. And after them wer
brought twoo goodly coursers appareled for the Justes :
and when they came to the Tiltes ende, the twoo knightes
mounted on the twoo Coursers abidyng all commers. The
king was in the fountain, and sir Charles Brandon was in
the litter. Then sodainly with grbate noyse of Trompettes,
entered sir Thomas Knevet in a Castle of Cole blacke, and
over the castell was written, ne dolorous Castle, and so he
and therle of Essex, the lorde Haward and other ran their
courses with the King and sir Charles Brandon, and ever
the king brake moste speres.

The Kyng ever remembring his warres, caused all his
shippes and Galies to be rigged and prepared, with all
manner of ordinaunce and artillery mete for shippes of
And emongest all other, he decked thee Regent a

ware.

ship royal as chief ship of that name, and then caused
souldiers mete for the same shippes, to muster on Blacke-
heth, and he appointed capitaines for that time, sir Anthony
Oughtred, sir Edward Ichingham, William Sidney, and
diverse other Gentelmen, whiche shortlye shipped and came
before the Isle of Wight, but in their passage a Galeye was
lost by the negligence of the Master.

The king ever desiryng to see his navie together, roade
to Portesmouthe, and there he appoynted capitaines for the
Regent, sir Thomas Knevet master of his horse, and sir
Jhon Carew of Devonshire. And to another ship royal
called the sovereigne, he apponcted sir Charles Brandon,
and sir Henry Guildforde, and with theim in the Sovereigne
were put ix. of the tallest yomen of the kinges Gard, and
many other gentelmen wer made Capitaines. The king
made a greate banquet to all the capitaines, and every one
sware to another ever to defend, aide, and comfort one an
other without failyng, and this they promised before the
Kyng, whiche committed theim to God, and so with great

noyse

King Henry the VIII.

55

noyse of minstrelsie thei tdke their shippes, whiche wer in
nombre 25 of greate burden, and well furnished of all
thinges.

The Frenche kyng hearyng what dammage thenglishmen
had don in Britaine, strongly furnished his Navie in the
haven of Brest, to the nombre of xxxix. saile, and for chief
ordeigned a Carick of Brest, apperteigning to the Quene
his wife, which was Duches and heire of Brittayne called
Cordelier, whiche was a strong ship furnished in all poyntes,
and so thei set forward out of Brest the x. dale of August,
and came to Britaine Bay, in which place the self same
day, being the day of s. Laurence, the Englishe Navie was
arrived.

When the Englishe menne perceived the French Navie
to be out of Brest haven, then the lorde Admirall was very
joyous, then every man prepared accordyng to his duetie,
the Archers to shote, the Gonners to lose, the men of Armes
to fight, the Pages went to the toppe Castle with dartes :
thus all thinges beyng provided and set in ordre, the Eng-
lishe men approched toward the Frenchemen, whiche came
fiersly forwarde, some leaving his Ancre, some with his
foresaile onely to take the moost avauntage : and when thei
wer in sight, thei shot ordenaunce so terribly together, that
aU the sea coast sounded of it. The Lorde Admirall made
with the great ship of Depe, and chased her stil : sir Henry
Guilford and sir Charles Brandon, made with the greate
Caricke of Brest, beyng in the Sovereigne, and laied stemme
to stemme to thee Caricke, but by negligence of the Master,
or els by smoke of the ordinaunce or other wise, the Sove-
reigne was cast at the sterne of thee Carick, with which
avauntage the Frenchemenne showted for joy : but when
sir Thomas Knevet whiche was ready to have horded the
greate ship of Depe, saw that the Sovereigne had missed
the Caricke, which sir Anthony Oughtred chased hard at
the starne, and bouged her in diverse places, and set a fire
her powder as some say, but sodainly the Regent crappeled
with her a long boord, and when thei af the Carick perceived
that thei could not depart, thei let slip an Ancre, and so
with the streme the shippes turned, and the Caricke was on
the wetherside, and the Regent on the lye side, the fight
was very cruell, for the archers of the Englishe parte, and
the Crossebowes of the Frenche part did their uttermost :

but

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but for al that the English men entered the Caricke, whiche
seing a varlet Conner being desperate put fire in the Gonne
powder as other saie, and set the whole ship of fire, the flame
whereof set fire in the Regent, and so these twoo noble
shippes which wer so crappeled together that thei could not
part wer consumed by fire. The French navie perceiving
this fled in all hast, some to Brest, and some to the Isles
adjoynyng. The Englishmen in maner dismaied, sent out
boates to help them in the Regent, but the fire was so
greate that in maner no mon durst approche, saving that
by the James of Hul wer certein Frenchmen that could
swimme saved. This burning of the Caricke was happy
for the frenche navie, or els thei had been better assailed
of thenglishemen, whiche wer so amased with this chaunce,
that thei folowed them not. The capitain of this Carick
was sir Piers Morgan, and with him ix. C. men slain and
ded : and with sir Thomas Knevet and sir Jhon Carow wer
vii. C. men drouned and brent, and that nighte all the
Englishemen laie in Bartrain Baye, for the frenche flete was
sparcled as you have hard.

The lorde admirall called al the capitaines together,
desiryng theim not to be abasshed with this chaunce of
warre, for he thought now that this was the worste fortune
that could happen to theim, therfore to studie how to be
revenged, and so thei concluded all to go to the sea, whiche
thei did, and on the coast of Britain toke many shippes,
and such as thei could not cary away they set on fire, small
and great to a greate nombre on al the coast of Britain,
Normandy and Picardy, and thus thei kept the sea.

The King of England heryng of the losse of the Regent,
caused a great shippe to be made, such another as was never
seen before in England, and called it, Henry grace de Dieu.

The French kyng heryng that his flete was thus devided,
and of the losse of his greate Caricke, he sent to a knight
of the Rhodes called Prior Jhon, whiche had three Galies
of force, with diverse Foystes and Rowgalies so well ordi-
naunced and with suche peces as was not seen in shippes
before his comming : for he laie on the coast of Barbary,
to defende certein of the Religion of the Rhodes comming
to Tripoly, and at thee Frenche kinges request came into
Britain and there taried.

In Novembre the kyng called his high Courte of Parlia-
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King Henry the VIII.

57

ment, and there was concluded that the kyng himself in
person, with an army roiall would invade his realme of
Fraunce, with fire and Sworde, which thing beeyng knowen
to his subjectes, and especiall to such as shoulde go with
him, no man can doubt, but that preparacion was made
of harneis, weapon, artillery, banners and al other thinges
necessary for such an enterprice.

The kyng after this Parliament ended, kept a solempne
Christmas at Grenewiche to chere his nobles, and on the
twelfe daie at night came into the hall a Mount, called the
riche Mount. The Mount was set full of riche flowers of
silke, and especially ful of Brome slippes full of coddes, the
Braunches wer grene Satin, and the flowers flat Gold of
Damaske, whiche signified Plantagenet. On the top stode
a goodly Bekon geving light, round aboute the Bekon sat
the king and five other, al in cotes and cappes of right
Crimosin velvet, enbroudered with flatt gold of Dammaske,
their coates set ful of spangelles of gold, and foure wood-
houses drewe the Mount till it came before the quene, and
then the king and his compaignie discended and daunced :
then sodainly the Mounte opened, and out came sixe ladies
all in Crimosin satin and plunket, embroudered with Golde
and perle, with French hoodes on their heddes, and thei
daunced alone. Then the lordes of the Mount toke the
ladies and daunced together : and the ladies reentred, and
the Mounte closed, and so was conveighed out of the hall.
Then the kyng shifted him and came to the Quene, and sat
at the banquet which was very sumpteous. And after the
Purificacion of our Lady, the Kyng created sir Charles
Brandon Viscount Lisle. In Marche folowing, was the
kinges navie of shippes royall, and other mete for the war
set furth to the numbre of xlii. Beside other Belengers, the
lorde Admiral was chief, and with him sir Water Devereux
Lord Ferreis, sir Wolstan Browne, sir Edwarde Ichingham,
sir Antony Poyntz, sir Jhon Wallop, sir Thomas Wyndam,
sir Stephen Bull, Wilyam FitzWilyam, Arthur Plantagenet,
Wiliam Sidnay Esquires, and diverse other noble and valiaunt
Capitaines : thei sailed to Portesmouth, and there laie abiding
Wynde, duryng whiche tyme, the kyng sent into Flaunders
for such thinges as he neded, and caused them to be brought
to Caleis against his comming.

When the wynde served, the Navy royall of England

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waied anker and made saile into Britain, and came into
Bertram Bay, and ther lay at Anker in sight of the Frenche
Navie. Now you muste understande, that all the greate
Navie whiche the Frenche kyng had prepared laie in the
haven of Brest, so well furnished in al thinges, that no doubt
it was a wonder to se : but when thei wer ready to sette
furthe, and sawe the English flete on the coast, thei deter-
mined clerely to save themselfes in Brest haven. Then the
Englishemen determined clerely to sett on them in the
haven, and so in good ordre of battail sailed forward, but
at the first entry one ship, whereof Arthur Plantagenet was
capitain, fell on a blind rocke, and brast a sondre, by reason
whereof, al the other staled to the gret displeasure of al the
remnaunt, and not to the litle joy of the Frenchmen whiche
shott at them without any doing harme. So the Englishe
capitaines perceiving that thee haven was dangerous to enter
without an expert lodesman, cast about and returned to their
harboroughe at Bertram Baye again.

The Frenchemen perceiving that the Englishmen in-
tended to assaile theim, moored their shippes as nye to the
Castle of Brest as thei could, and set bulwarkes on the land
on every side to shote at thenglishemen. Also thei frapped
together xxiiii. greate Hulkes, that came to the Baye for
salt, and set them on a rowe, to the intent that if the Eng-
lishe menne would have assaulted them, thei wovild have
set them on a fire, and lett theim drive with the streme
emongest the Englishe Navie. Prior Jhon also laie still in
Blacke Sable or Whitesande Baye, and plucked hys Galies
to the shore, and sett his Basiliskes and other ordenaunce in
the mouthe of the Baye, which Bay was Bulwarked on every
side, that by water it was not possible to be wonne.

The lorde Admirall perceiving the Navie of Fraunce to
lye thus in feare, and not willing nor daring to come abrode,
but to ly as prisoners in a dongeon, wrote to the Kyng to
come thether in person, and to have the honor of so high
an entreprice : whiche writing the Kynges counsail nothing
allowed, for putting the kyng in jeoperdy upon the chaunce
of the sea. Wherefore the king wrote sharpely to hym, to
accomplishe that whiche apperteined to his duete : whiche
caused hym too take courage and put thinges in adventure
as after you shall here.

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AS you have hard before the lorde Admiral of England
lay stil on the coast of Britain in the Bay, called
Bartrames Bay, so that for feare of hym and the
Englishe Navie, neither the great shippes in Brest haven
durst once move to the lea ward, nor yet Prior Jhon for al
his strong Galeis would once set out a saile : saving now
and then send furth his smal Foystes, to make a shew before
thenglish navy whiche chased them to their Bay, but because
thenglish shippes were so greate thei could not enter the
Bay, and so manned out boates and toke one of the best
Foystes, and that, with greate daunger, for the Galies and
the bulwarkes shot all at one time, that it was a wonder how
the Englishemen escaped.

The Admyrall of Englande perceving the Frenche
mennes pollecy, called a counsaill, and there determined
first to assaile Prior Jhon and his Galies, liyng in Whitsand
Bay, and after to set on the remnaunt in the haven of Brest.
Then first was appointed that Water lord Ferreis, sir Stephen
Bui and other capitaines, should go a land with a convenient
compaignie, to assault the Bulwarkes of Whitsand Bay,
while the Lorde Admyrall entered with rowe Barges and
litle Galies into the Bay, so that the Frenchmen should be
assailed bothe by water and land.

Thus was it fully agreed by the whole counsail : but
alas, this noble capitain counsailed by a spanishe knighte
called sir Alphous Charant, whiche saied that he might entre
the Bay with litle jeopardy, called to hym William Fitz
William, Willyam Cooke, Jhon CoUey, and syr Wolstan
Browne as the chief and his moste trusty frendes, and
declared to theim that the matter was litle, and the honor
greate, if they only tooke on them that enterprice, and let
none other know of it. Thei like men of haute courage
and desiryng honour gladly assented : so on saint Markes
day, the xvi. dale of Aprill, the said Admirall put him self in
a small rowe barge, with three other small rowing shippes,
and his awne ship boate, and so rowed sodainly into the
Baye, where Prior Jhon had moored his Galies just to the
ground, whiche Galies with the bulwarkes on the lande, shot

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SO terribly that thei that folowed wer afraid : but assone as
he came to the Galies, he entered and drave out thee Frenche-
men, William Fitz William within his shippe was sore hurte
with a quarrel. The Bay was very shalow, and the other
shippes could not entre, for the tide was spent, whiche thyng
the Frenchemen perceiving, and that there could come no
succoure to the Admirall, wyth Morris pikes entered again
the Galies, and fought with the Englishmen in the Galies.
And the Admirall perceivyng their approchyng, thought to
have entered again into his rowe Barge, whiche by violence
of the tide was driven doune the streme, and so with a pike
was throwen over the borde and so drouned, and there the
forenamed Alphous was slain, and al the other boates and
vesselles scaped hardely, for if thei had taried, the tide had
failed them and then all had been lost. The lord Ferreis
and other capitaines muche were dolent of this chaunce, and
some saied he dyd it without counsaill, and so he hath sped.
And therfore although that they would have sette on the
Navie in Brest haven, yet havyng no Admiral nor commis-
sion, thei determined to do nothing farther till thei knew
the knyges pleasur, and so sailed into Englande. The
Frenche Navie perceivyng that the Englishmen made toward
England, came out of their havens, and, Prior Jhon set furthe
his Galies and Foystes, and costed Briaitn and Normandy,
and coasted over to the coast of Sussex and al his com-
paignie, and landed on the sea coast, and set fire on the
poore cottages. The gentlemen that dwelte nere, shortely
reised the countrei, and came to the coast and drove Prior
Jhon to his Galeis. This was al the hurt that this stout
capitain of so great fame did to England, savyng he robbed
certein poore Fisshermen of Whitynges. The kynge hear-
ing the death of his Admiral was not a litle sory, consideryng
both the nobilitie of his birthe, and the valiauntnes of his
persone, but all sorowe availeth not when the chaunce is
past. Therfore the kyng hering that the Frenche Navie
was abrode, called to hym the lorde Thomas Haward, elder
brother to sir Edward Haward late Admirall, and sonne
and heire apparant to the Erie of Surrey, and made him
Admirall, willyng him to revenge his brothers death, which
with great reverence, thanked the kyng of the high truste
that he had put him in. And then immediatly went to the
sea, and so nobly and valiauntly did skower the sea, that

the

King Henry the VIII.

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the French men had no lust to kepe the coast of England,
for he fought with theim at their awen portes.

The kyng whiche had all thynges necessary and mete
for the warre, entendyng to passe the sea in propre person,
appoynted the valiaunt lord George Talbot Erie of Shrewes-
bury, and his Steward of his houshold to be capitain generall
of his forward, and in his compaignie wer lorde Thomas
Stanley Erie of Derby, lorde Decowrey Prior of S. Jhons,
sir Rober RadcliflFe Lord Fitzwater, the Lorde Hastynges,
the Lorde Cobham, sir Rice Ap Thomas, sir Thomas Blount,
sir Richard Sachiverell, sir Jhon Dighby, sir Jhon Askewe,
syr Lewes Bagot, sir Thomas Cornewall, and many Knightes
and Esquiers and souldiers, to the nombre of viii. M. menne,
whiche all passed the sea, and to Caleis in the middle of
May.

The lorde Herbert called sir Charles Somerset, chief
Chamberlayn to the kyng, the ende of the same moneth with
vi. M. men passed the sea in whose compaignie were these
Erles, of Northumberlande Percie, of Kent Graye, of Wil-
shire Stafford, the lorde Fitzwater, the lorde Dudley, the
lorde Delawar, sir Thomas West his sonne, sir Edward
Husey, sir Robert Dimmocke, sir Davie Owen, with many
other gentelmenne, some with speres on horsbacke, some
with pikes on foote, some with dimilaunces, and this was
the rereward. Such good diligence was made that these two
capitaines with all their compaignie, furnished with artilerie,
pouder, tentes, cariages, and all thinges necessary for the
warres were landed at Caleis the last daie of Maii.

After thei had sojorned certain dales in Caleis, and that
all thynges requisite wer ready, thei caused a trumpet to
blowe and made Proclamacion that every man should de-
parte out of the toune, and so to begin the campe. The
erle of Shrewesbury with his compaignie first toke the felde,
after him folowed the lorde Harbert with his compaignie,
in maner of a rereward. And after him folowed the valiaunt
sir Rice ap Thomas with v. C. light horse and Archers on
horsebacke, and joyned hym to the forward. Then was ther
ordre taken what persones should conduite the victailers that
came from Caleis, and who should conduite the victailers
that came out of Flaunders, for without sufficient conduite
no creature dur'ste bryng any victaile to the armie. These
two lordes thus embattailed removed the xvli. daie of June

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to Sandisfelde, and on the xviii. dale thei came to Margison,
on the farre side of the water, as though thei would have
passed streightly to Bulleyne, but thei thoughte otherwise,
for the next daie thei tooke another waie, and coasted the
countrey with suche diligence, that the xxii. daie of June
thei with al their people, ordinaunce, and habilimentes of
warre, wer come before the strong citie of Tirwin, and pight
their Tentes a myle from the toune, and for that night
embattailed them self : and as certain captaines wer in coun-
saill in the lorde Herbertes tent, sodainly out of the toune
was shot a gonne, the pellet wherof slewe a noble capitain
called the Baron of Carew, sitting there in counsaill, whiche
sodain adventure dismaied muche thee assemble. But the
lorde Herbert valiauntly comforted them, saiyng : this is
the chaunce of warre, if it had hit me you muste have been
content, a noble harte in warre is never a feard of death.
All the countrey of Arthoys and Picardy, fortified their
holdes, and made shewes as the English army passed, but
thei durst not once assaile them.

The citie of Tirwin was strongly fortified with walles,
rampaires, bulwarkes, with diverse fortresses in the diches,
which were so brode and so plum stepe that was wondre to
beholde. The lorde Pountremy was capitain generall, and
with him wer within the citie vi. C. horsmen furnished, and
twoo M. V. C. Almaines beside the inhabitauntes of the
city, the walles and towers wer ful of ordenaunce, which did
oftentymes great displeasure to the Englishemen. The
Erie of Shrewesbury laied siege to the toune, on the North
West side, and the lorde Herbert on the East side or end
ward, the Frenchmen issued out of the toune and skirmished
with the Englishemen, but the Archers shot so fast that
they drave the Frenchemen into the citie, and slewe and
toke diverse of them. The lord Herbert which laie in the
open sight of the toune, having no hil or other thyng to
succour or defende him, caused great trenches to be made,
and so mawgre his enemies he approched very nere the
cite : likewise therle of Shrewesbury with thee forward, gat
into an holowe ground or valey nere to the citie. Daily
the Frenchmen shot at thenglishmen, and diverse tymes
issued out and skirmished, and ever thei lost by skirmishyng,
but by shotyng of ordinaunce thei hurte diverse Englishmen.
Wherfore the lordes commaunded the pioners to raise a

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King Henry the VIII.

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great trenche in whiche they laied the great ordinaunce, and
daily as thei might they approched : syr Rise ap Thomas
with the horsmen daily skowered the countrey, and many
tymes encountered with the Frenchmen, and slewe and toke
diverse prisoners, so that the Frenchmen drewe not toward
the siege, but turned another waie. Upon the Mundaie
beeyng the xxvii. daie of June xxiiii. Cartes charged with
victaiU, wer by the Garrison of Caleis conduited to Guisnes,
and ther the Crewe of the castle and toune of Guisnes with
three C. foote men, under the conduite of sir Edward
Belknappe, al beyng in nombre iiii. C. Ix. men, set furthe to
conduite the saied victailes to tharmie liyng before Tirwyn,
and so thei passed to Arde. And while the Carters passed
the toune, the horsemen fel a drinkyng in the waie, and the
foote men wer al out of ordre. The duke of Vandosme
capitain generall of Picardie, which laie in a bushement in
the forest side of Guysnes with viii. C. light horsemen,
toke his advauntage and set on the victailers, the Carters
perceivyng that losed their horses and fledd to the toune,
whiche was but a myle of and left their Cartes. Sir Nicholas
Vaux capitain of Guysnes did al he could, to bryng the
foote men in an ordre : but the Frenchmen set on so quickly
that thei could not set theim in ordre, the horsmen of
Guysnes whiche wer but onely xxiiii. toke their speres and
joyned with the Frenchemen : the Archers of Englande
whyche passed not Ix. shot manfully, and a noble capitain
called Baltier Delien and diverse other, but the Frenchemen
wer so many in nombre and in good ordre, that thei slew
viii. gentlemen of the Garrison of Guysnes, and xxx. Archers
slain and many hurte, and so thei distrussed the victailes,
and caused sir Nicholas Vaux, and sir Edward Belknappe
to flie toward Guisnes. This misaventure fell by tariyng
of the horsmen and breaking of array, for if tharchers had
taried together it had happened otherwise, for the fewe
Archers that held together, slewe and hurt diverse Frenche-
men : For on the felde laie Ixxxvii. great horse which never
went thence, by the which it appered that the Frenchemenne
went not quite a waie without losse. When tidynges of
this misaventure came to the lordes at the siege, thei wer
not a litle displeased : and sir Rise ap Thomas caused his
Trompet to blowe to the stirroppe, and he with his hors-
men sought the Duke of Vandosme all the contrey, whiche

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h^aryng of the commyng of sir Rise, with great hast re-
treted backe to Bangey Abbey, where the French kynges
greate army laie. Sir Rise heryng that he was returned
came the next day agayn to the sege. The rumour of this
skyrmish sprong all the English pale toward Flaunders,
wherfore the tounes fiered ther bekons and range alarme,
divers honorable men that had passed the see with com-
panies of souldiours and were in Caleis, marched forward in
order of battaile, but heryng of the departing of Mounsir
de vandosme, they rested. Then was new provision made
for vitaile and sent daily from Caleis to Turwyn by such
conduite, that the Frenchmen would no more meddill,
and the army also was wel vitaled out of Flaunders and
Henawde.

The army of England thus lay before the strong toune of
Turwin : the noble kinge of England not forgettyng his
entreprice prepared al thing redy to passe the see in proper
persone, and caused sir Jhon Wilshire to purvey for iii. C.
hoyes to carry over his artillery and habilimentes of warre,
and all his shippes of warre were on the see skowering
every coste of his realme. And when all thinges were
prest, he accompanied wyth many noble men and vi. C.
archers of his garde, al in white gabberdines and cappes,
departed from his manour royall of grenewich the xv. daye
of June and so he and the quene with small jorneys came
to Dover castell and there rested, and made the quene
governer of the realme, and commaunded William Warram
then bishop of Canterbury and sir Thomas Lovell a sage
knyght and divers other, to gyve there attendaunce on
the quene. And commaunded therle of Surrey to drawe
toward the north partes lest the Scottes woulde make any
entreprice in his absence. Then the kyng toke leve of the
quene and of the ladies which made such sorow for the
departyng of their lordes and husbandes, that it was greate
dolor to beholde, and so he with al his army toke his shippe
the last day of June beyng the daye of sainct Paule.

In the mornyng wheh the kyng was shipped and made
saile, al the army folowed, to the nomber of iiii. C. shippes,
and the winde was so, that they were brought even on the
coste of picardy open upon S. Jhons Roade, and with the
flud they haled along the coste of Whitsand with trumpettes
blowynge and gonnes shotynge, to the great feare of them

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of BoUeyn which plainly might beholde this passage, and so
came to Caleys haven.

The kyng was received into a bote covered with arras,
and so was set on londe. He was appareilled in almaine
ryvet crested and his vanbrace of the same, and on his hedde
a chapeau montabyn with a rich coronal, the folde of the
chapeau was lined with crimsyn saten, and on that a riche
brooch with the image of sainct George, over his rivet he
had a garment of white cloth of gold with a redde crosse,
and so he was received with procession and with his deputie
of Caleys called sir Gylbert Talbot, and all other nobles and
gentlemen of the towne and countrey, and so entred in at
the lanternegate and passed the stretes tyll he came to
Saincte Nycholas churche, and ther he alighted and offered,
and from thens he went to the stapleinne wher he supped.

When the kyng entred Caleys, al the banished men
entred with him and were restored to the liberty of the
toune. To tell of the gonne shott of the toune and of the
shippes at the kynges landing it was a great wonder, for
men of good estimacion reported that they harde it at
Dover. The kyng lyenge thus in Caleys, all his armye
except a few of his counsayll and other that gave their
attendaunce on hym laye encamped at Newnam bridge, in
which campe about a xi. of the clock at night there rose an
eskrye, so that the towne of Caleys began alarme, with that
the kyng waked and came to the walles, and demaunded
what the matter ment, the yoman of the tentes, called
Richard Gybson, shewed him howe that certayne horsmen
and footmen of Fraunce, profered to come over the haven,
and the archers that laie next the see side entred into the
water and defended the passage, with which defence the
Frenchmen returned, and so the kyng was satisfied. But
after this a Frenchman of Whitsand bay and one of BuUain
were taken, the one called Charles de bone, the other
Peter vernowne, which confessed that from the toune of
Whitsand came Ix. horsmen and ii. C. footmen of the
garrison of Bullein and the countrey adjoynyng entendyng
to passe by Rice banke at the low water marke, over that
haven of Caleis at a certayn foord, shewed to them by a spy
which served the yoman of the tentes of vitailes, and shewed
them that the tentes were piched under Caleis walles be-
twene the toune and the campe, so that thei might burne

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them quykly or the toune could issue, or the campe remove.
But the Englishmen kept so good watch as you have heard
that their entreprice came to none effect. The morow after
being the first day of July, the noble lord Haward admirall
of England landed at Whitsand Bay, and entred, spoyled
and brent the toune, and returned to his ships for all the
Bullonois, and so recompensed the imaginacion that the
bayly of Whitsand and the BuUonoys had entreprised for
the burning of the kynges tentes.

On fryday at night blew such a storme that severed all
the navy, and some were drowned. Upon the viii. day of
July, the lord Marques Dorset, therle of Essex, the lord
Lisle rode into Flaunders and ther toke the mousters of the
lord Lynny, the lord Walon, sonne to the lord of Barow,
and bastard Emery which with ther retinue were then
admitted into the kynges wages and the lord Linny with a
C. and 1. speres was appoincted to go to the lorde Herbert :
and the lord Walon and bastard Emery with ther bondes
were appointed to go to therle of Shrewsbury lieng before
Tirwin : These strangers were warlycke persons on light
horses. While the siege laye thus before Tyrwyn as you
have harde, the Frenchmen diverse times issued out on
horseback and many a staffe was broken and manye a
proper feat of armes done. Likewise the Almaynes on
foot woulde diverse tymes issue out with handgonnes and
morish pycks and assaile the Englishmen, but by force of
the archers thei were ever driven home agayn, and every
day the Englishmen shott at the towne and dyd them
muche displeasure.

The xxi. day of July (when al thinges by counsaill had
ben ordered concernyng the order of battayle) the kyng
passed out of the toune of Caleis in goodly array of battaile
and toke the felde : And notwithstandyng that the forward
and the rerewarde of the kyngs great army were before
Tirwyn as you have harde : Yet the kynge of his awne
battayle made iii. battailles after the fasshion of the warre,
the lord Lisle marshall of the hoste was capitaine of the
forward, and under him iii. M. men. Sir Richard Carew
with iii. C. men was the right hand wyng to the forward,
and the lord Darcy with iii. C. men, wyng on the left hand,
the skourers and forriders of this battaile were the North-
umberland men on light geldynges. Therle of Essex was

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King Henry the VIII.

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Lieutenant generall of the spares, and sir Jhon Pechy was
vicegovernour of the horsmen : before the kyng went viii.
C. Almaynes all in a plumpe by them selfs : after them
came the standard with the redde Dragon, next the banner
of our lady, and next after the banner of the trinitie, under
the same were all the kings houshold servauntes, then went
the banner of the armes of England borne by sir Henry
Guildford, under which banner was the kyng* him self, with
divers noble men and other to the nomber of iii. M. men.
The duke of Buckyngham with vi. C. men was on the
kyngs left hand egal with the Almaynes, in likewise on the
right hand was sir Edward Pounynges with other vi. C.
men egall with the Almaynes. The lord of Burgainie with
viii. C. men, was wyng on the right hand, sir William
Compton with the retinue of the bishop of Winchester, and
master Wolsey the kings Almoner to the nomber of viii. C.
was in maner of a rereward, sir Anthony Oughtred and sir
Jhon Nevell with the kinges speres that folowed, were iiii.
C. and so the hole army were xi. M. and iii. C. men. The
master of the ordinaunce set foorth the kynges artilary, as
fawcons, slynges, bombardes, cartes with powder, stones,
bowes, arowes and such other thinges necessary for the
felde, the hole nomber of the cariages were xiii. C. the
leders and drivers of the same were xix. C' men and all
these were rekened in the battaile, but of good fightynge
men there were not fuU ix. M.

Thus in order of battaile the kyng rode to Seutreyca
and ther lodged the first night, on friday the garrison of
BuUeyn mustered nye to Fines Mill and were askryed by
the Northumberland men, which marched toward them,
but the Frenchemen returned. On saterdaie the hoste
removed to Hambwell and ther rested. On sonday, and on
mondaie he entered into the Frenche grounde nye to Arde,
and ther every gentleman had on his coate of armes, and
these tydynges were brought to the kyng that the French
army approched which tidinges pleased him well, for he
desyred nothyng but battaile. Tewsday the xxvi. daye of
July the kynge passed forward in order of battayle and
ever the Frenchmen costed a farre of to take the Englysh-
men at some avantage, but thei kept them so close in
order, that they could not fynd them out of array.
Howbeit, by negligence of the carters that mystooke the

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waye a greate Curtail called the Jhon evangelist, was over-
throwen in a depe ponde of water, and coulde not quicklye
be recovered.

The kyng heryng that his enemies approched, levyng
the gonne (because the master carpenter sayde that he
would shortely way it out of the water) set forward his
hoste, and in good order came to Dornahan where is a
fayre castell standyng in a wodde countrey, the Frenchmen
were ever lurkyng in the woddes viewing the kyngs con-
duite and order as he passed, and so he lefte the towne
of Dornahan on his right hande, and came to a village on a
litle river where the ordinaunce pitched. And when the
kyng came to the ryver he perceyved that many gentlemen
made daunger to entre into the river : Wherfore he a lighted
downe of his horse and without any more abode entred the
river, then all other entred and came over. Then was
tydynges brought to hym, that the Frenchmen were nere at
hande and would fight that nyght : the kyng styll abode in
order of battaile, ever lokynge for the commynge of the
Frenchmen, and at night woorde was brought that they
were reculed, and then he entred into hys tente.

Wednesday the xxvi. daye of July the relefFe of the
speres brought in askry, wherfore the kynge commaunded
to blow to the standarde, and avaunced his banner and
toke a faire feld or banke abidyng the comming of the
Frenchmen. The capitaines generall of the army of the
Frenche kyng were the lord dela Palice and the lorde
of Piens, accompaignyed with the duke of Longuyle,
therle of sainct Polle, the lorde of Floringes, the lorde
Cleremounde, and Richard dela Pole traytour of England
Sonne to the duke Jhon of SuiFolke : with these capitaines
were comming xi. M. footmen and iiii. M. horsmen, all
prest in battayle and came with in ii. miles of the kyng
of Englande, and there the footmen staled and came no
farther : certaine horsmen to the nomber of iii. M. and
above marched forward and at the ende of a wodde shewed
themselfes open in the sight of the Englishe army. The
kyng perceivyng there demeanure, commaunded al his
footmen not to remove, but to stand still. The French-
men removed and came sumwhat nerer to a place of
execucion : then the master Conner losed a pece of artilery
or two. As the kyng lay thus styll abydyng his enemies,

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and that the horsemen stode still in sight, the greate
armye of Fraunce approched, whiche the Englishmen
could not descrye by cause of an hyll that was betwexte
them. The Northerne men ran to the Frenchmen, which
manly encontered with them and strake some of them
downe and maugre all there powre brought certaine
prisoners to the kyng of England. Therle of Essex
capitaine of the kynges speres with ii. C. speres lay in a
stale, if the Frenchmen had come nerer. Then sodainly
apered in sight a great company of horsmen and the
kyng knewe not what thei were: but at the last it was
perceyved that it was the valiant knight sir Rice ap Thomas
with his retinue whiche came to the kyng aboute none :
which gentilly receyved him and sent hym to therle of
Essex, which incontinentely departed and compassed the
hill and came to therle, and when they were joyned, they
drewe them about the hyll accompaignied with sir Thomas
Gylforde capitayne of ii. C. archers on horseback, to thentent
to have set on the Frenchmen, which perceivyng that, and
dowghting more nomber to come after, sodainly drewe back
and joyned them with there great battaile. Then therle of
Essex and thenglishe horsmen folowed them tyll they came
nere the great army of Fraunce and then staled, and sent
light horsemen to knowe the conduite of the French army.
When the Frenchmen of armes were retorned to ther
battaile, both the footmen and horsmen reculed in order
of battell and went back a pace, the Englyshe styrrers per-
ceyvyng this, folowed iii. leages and returned to therle,
makynge reporte of that they had sene, and then he brake
up his stale and came to the kyng, declaryng to him how
the Frenshemen were reculed. Thys daye was called the
drye Wednesday, for the day was wonderfuU hoat and the
kyng and his army were in order of battaile from vi. of the
clock in the mornyng tyll iii. of the clock at after noone, and
some died for lack of moysture and allmost in general every
man was burned about the mouth with hete of the stomack,
for drynke lacked and water was not nere. After this, the
kyng removed towarde Tyrwyn havyng his horsmen behind
hym, lest the Frenshmen shoulde sodainly sett on hym be-
hynde, and as the kyng was settyng forward, the lorde
Walowne of Flaunders came to the kyng with his horsmen
which were in the kynges wages, and the kyng declared

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to him what had chaunced. As the army passed by negli-
gence the same day in a lane, was overthrowen one of the
kinges great bombardes of Iron, called the redde gonne,
and there left : When the night began to approche the
kyng rested and toke his campe ii. myles from sainct Omers
on the north syde.

On the thursdaye beyng the xxviii. day of July the
master carpenter with an hundred carpenters and laborers
without knowledge of the marshal went to waye up the
great gonne that was in the ponde as you have harde, and
by force of engynes drewe it up and laied it on a carte
redy to cary : But sodainly out of a wodde issued viii. C.
Frenchmen with speres, crosbowes and handgonnes, and
assayled the poore labourers which valiantly defended
themselfes : but oppressed with multitude, the most parte
was slayne and the remnant taken, and they and the pece
of ordinaunce caried to buUeyne. This misaventure fel,
for the master carpenter would woorke all of his awne
hedde without counsayll, with which chaunce the kyng was
sore displeased. The Frenchmen joyous of this chaunce,
assembled a great nomber, to take the other gonne that
lay still in the high way. Wherfore the lorde barnes
beyng capiteyne of the pioners and laborers heryng of
the misaventure, and consideryng that the other gonne
was lyeng behynd prepared al maner of engines to recover
the same. The morow after, the kyng entended to reyse
his camp, but when he harde of the great pece of ordin-
aunce that was left behynde, and that the Frenshmen
assembled together, he was in a greate musynge and so
taryed and commaunded the Almaynes to retrate backe
and to succour them that went for the pece of ordin-
aunce. The Almaynes went foorth and staled within two
mile, where the pece of ordinaunce lay, and farther thei
woulde not go. The earle of Essex with his company of
speres, sir Rice ap Thomas, with his compaignie, sir Jhon
Nevell with the Northumberland men set forward to helpe
the lord Barnes for recovery of the gonne. And sodainly
the northren horsmen espied where al the great army of
the Frenshmen were commyng forward, and so reported
to therle of Essex, that to sir Jhon pechy Lieutenant of
the horsemen and speres and other capitaines, whiche were
in the place where the said gonne was left with a hundred

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King Henry the VIII.

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horsmen, which hering therof sent worde to sir Rice,
which hering therof desired the erle of Essex to come
and to take grounde in that place where he was, which
removed in greate haste : In the^ meane season by the
diligent labor of the Lord Barnes, the pece of ordinaunce
was raysed and carted, and furthe was it caried, by this
tyme the French army apered in sight.

When therle of Essex saw the great nomber of the
Frenchmen, in all hast he sent to the lord Walon, willyng
him with his company to come to there ayde, the lord
Waloun sayd to the messenger, go tel your capitayne that
I come hither to serve the kyng of England more then
one daye, and therfore I would all thenglishmen would
returne, for with the great power of Fraunce thei be not
able to fight, for I esteme them ix. or x. M. men at the
lest : with this aunswer the messenger departed and made
relacion to the erle of Essex and other capitaynes which
there with were sore discontent : by this time the scowrers
of the French parte wer^ come harde to the handes of the
Englishmen : then began the light horsmen to skyrmyshe,
ther was folowyng and reskuinge on both parties, and in
open sight some of both parties slayne. Then marched
forward the hole battaile of the Frenchmen with standardes,
penons and banners waveryng, and sumptuous bardes, and
riche harnys glyteryng, the men of armes in great nomber
were in ranges a long redy to chace and charge. Sir Rice
ap Thomas beyng a man of great experience, sagely per-
ceyved In what case the matter stode, sayd to therle of
Essex, sir we be not vii. C. horsmen, let us not be to
folysh hardy, our commission was to fette the gonne and
none other, let us folowe the same, therle agreed therto
and so softely and not in flyeng maner retreted and folowed
the gonne. The Frenchmen perceivyn that, cried al is ours
let us folowe, then pricked forward ii. M. men of armes
and came juste to the backes of the Englishmen, then
thenglishemen cried sainct George and cast them selfe
about and made retorne to the Frenchmen, sir William
Tyler and sir Jhon sharpe were the first charged, and
after all the other Englishmen, there was a dreadfuU chase,
for the men of armes of Fraunce flede so fast, that glad
was he that might be formost, the hole boost seynge ther
horsmen returnyng in flight, sodainly in great hast returned

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Tirwyn
beseged.

without any more doyng. Then the erle of Essex staled
to an hyll, and ther caused his trompet to blowe to the
standard for feare of subtyll dealynge : and when they
were gathered together unto array, he returned.

The xxix. daye of July the kyng with his army came
to Arkus, and there embattailed him selfe in a strong
grounde, and to hym came the erle of Essex and the
other capitaines with the gonne, and made reporte of ther
adventure, which thanked them hartely, and ther he lay till
Monday in whiche time came many noble men of Flaunders
to visite him, and many of the common people came to se
hym.

Mondaye the fyrste daye of Auguste, the kynge re-
moved his campe to a village myddell way betwene Saynct
Omers and Tyrwyn, and ther fell suche a rayne that the
ordynaunce coulde scace be removed, the arable grounde
was so softe.

Thursday the iiii. day of August, the kyng in good
order of battaile came before the citie of Tyrwyn and
planted his sege in most warlikewise, his campe was en-
vironed with artilerie, as Fawcones, serpentynes, caste hag-
bushes, and tryde harowes, spien trestyls, and other warlike
defence for the savegarde of the campe. The kynge for
hym selfe had a howse of tymber with a chymney of yron,
and for his other lodgynges he had great and goodly tentes
of blewe water worke garnyshed with yelowe, and white,
diverse romes within the same for all offices necessary, on
the toppe of the pavilions stode the kynges bestes hold-
ynge fanes, as the Lion, the Dragon, the Greyhounde, the
Antelope, the Donne kowe: within all the lodgynge was
poyncted ful of the sunnes risynge, the lodgynge was C. xxv.
foot in length.

The kyng lyeng before Tirwyn, his great ordinaunce
sore bet the toune walles, and thei within likewise shot out
of the towne ordinaunce, and slewe divers Englyshmen in
the trenches, among which shottes thei had one gonne that
every day and night was ordinarely shotte at certayne
howres without fayle : this gonne was of Thenglishmen
called the whystelyng gonne, but it never did harme in the
kynges feld. The siege thus lyeng before the citie of
Tyrwyn, Sir Alexander Baynam a capitaine of the myners,
caused a myne to be enterprised to enter into the towne,

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King Henry the VIII.

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but the Frenchmen perceyvyng that, made a countermyne
and so destroyed the other myne, and divers myners slayne
within the same. The Frenche army hoved ever a farre to
take the Englishmen at avantage as thei went a forragyng,
and many a skirmish was done, and many good feates of
armes acheved on bothe sydes, and divers prisoners taken.
Among the Frenchmen were certaine light horsmen called
Stradiotes with shorte styroppes, bever hatts, smal speres,
and swerdes like Semiteries of Turkay : dyvers tymes the
Northren light horsmen under the conduite of sir Jhon
Nevell skirmished with these stradiottes and toke diverse
of them prisoners, and brought them to the kyng.

While the kynge lay thus before Tyrwyn, the capitayne
of BuUen knowynge by hys espialles that many of the
garryson of Caleys were with the kyng at the siege, and
also that daylye vitailles were brought out of Englande to
Caleys to succour the campe, imagened a great entreprice
and sent for all the men of warre under his dominion
and rule, and declared to them what honour they shoulde
obteyne yf they hurted or spoyled the out partes of Caleis,
the kyng of England beyng on that syde the see. The
men of warre perceivyng the good courage of the capitaine,
assented to his purpose, and so wyth all diligence they to
the nomber of a M. men in the evenyng set forward, and
came to Newnam bridge by iii. of the clock in the morning,
and founde the watchmen that kepe the bridge a slepe, and
so entred the bulwerke and slewe the watchmen, and toke
the ordinaunce of the bridge and then let the bridge fall, so
that all entred that wfould. The capitayn of BuUeyn kept
vi. C. men for a stale at the bridge, and sent the other into
the marrishes and medowes where the Cattell fedde, and some
of the Frenshmen came to Caleys gate, and were askryed of
the watch and so range alarme, the Englishe souldiours ran
to the walles, and sawe the Frenshemen without the toune
walles : then they knew that Newnam brydge was lost, and
would have issued out, but Sir Gylbert Talbott deputie ther,
would not suffer any gate to be opened. Now it happened
that without Caleys gates were Richard Hunnyng and
Richard Brickes of the Caterie, and iii. or iiii. of the kyngs
servauntes whych lay there to sende provisions to the hoost :
whiche heryng of this alarme, called to them the kynges
bakers, and cowpers, and a fewe shippemen, which lay

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The foly of a
Cowper.

in the haven, and coragiously folowed the Frenchmen.
Thenglishemen were not past vi. skore persones, and set
on the Frenchemen as thei were a forragyng or they
might assemble together, and slew them doune right and
toke no prisoners in maner, and so thei came to Newnam
brydge and toke it and put the Frenchmen backe : But or
Thenglishmen had thus gathered them selfes together, the
Frenchmen had forraged all with in the river up to sainct
Peters, and had driven away the cattell and the ordinaunce
of Newnam brydge and so passed till they came where the
stale laye, and ther they taried lokyng for ther company
that were gone a forragyng to Caleys walles. About v.
of the clock in the morenynge, the gate of Caleys called
BuUeyn gate, was opened, and then issuyd out one Culpiper
the under marshall with ii. C. archers with the banner of
Saincte George, and with great hast came to Newnam
bridge, where thei found the kynges servauntes and the
other that had wonne the brydge, and then they all together
marched toward the Frenchemen, whiche kepte the stale.
The Frenchmen thought it had ben there awne company
that had returned, till they saw the banner of S. George,
then they knewe that their company were overthrowen,
and that they must nedes fight or dy. Then thenglish-
men though thei were the smaller nomber, valiantly set
on the Frenchmen, which with great force them defended,
but at the last thei were all discomfited and xxiiii. slayne
and xii. skore taken prisoners and ther ordinaunce and
hole booty recovered. These prisoners were brought to
Caleys, and there sold in open market : Amonge all other
a Cowper of the towne of Caleys bought a prisoner of
this booty that dwelt in BuUeyn, and had of the prisoner
C. crownes for his raunsome, and when the mony was
paied, the Frenchman praied the Cowper to se him save
delivered and to conduite hym out of danger, the Cowper
gently graunted and without any knowlege of hys frendes,
all alone went with the Frenchman till he came beyonde
the Cawsey and ther would have departed : but the French-
man perceived, that the Cowper was aged and that no
reskewes was ny, by force toke the Cowper prisoner and
caried him to Bulleyn, and made him paye ii. C. crownes
for his raunsome, thus thorowe foly was the poore Cowper
deceaved.

The

King Henry the VIII.

75

The xi. day of August beyng thursday, the kyng lyeng
at the siege of Tyrwyn, had knowlege that Maximilian
themperour was in the toune of Ayre. The kyng pre-
pared all thinges necessarie to mete with themperour in
triumphe. The noble men of the kynges campe were
gorgeously apparelled, ther coursers barded of cloth of
gold, of damaske and broderie, theire apparelle all tissue
cloth of gold and sylver, and gold smithes woorke, great
cheynes of balderickes of gold, and belles of bullion, but
in especial the duke of Buckingham, he was in purple
satten, his apparel and his barde full of Antelopes and
swannes of fyne gold bullion and full of spangyls and
littell belles of gold mervelous costly and pleasaunt to be-
hold. The kyng was in a garment of greate riches in
juels as perles and stone, he was armed in a light armure,
the mayster of hys horse folowed him with a spare horse,
the henxmen folowed beryng the kyngs peces of harnys,
every one mounted on a greate courser, the one bare the
helme, the seconde his graungarde, the thirde his spere,
the fourth his axe, and so every one had some thyng be-
longyng to a man of armes : the apparell of the ix. henx-
men were white clothe of gold and crymsyn cloth of
gold, richely embrawdered with goldesmythes worke, the
trappers of the corsers were mantell harneys coulpened, and
in every vent a long bel of fyne gold, and on every
pendant a depe tassel of fyne gold in bullion, whiche
trappers were very ryche. The kyng and themperour
mett betwene ayre and the campe, in the fowlest wether
that lightly hath bene sene. Themperour gentely enter-
teined the kyng, and the kyng likewyse hym, and after a
littell communicacion had betwen them, by cause the wether
was foule, departed for that tyme. The Emperour and all
hys men were at that dale al in black cloth for the Emprice
his wife was lately disseased. After that the kyng was
thus retorned to his campe, within a daye or twayne ther
arryved in the army a kynge of armes of Scotland called
Lyon with his cote of armes on his back, and desyred to
speke with the kynge, who with in shorte tyme was by
Garter cheffe kyng of armes brought to the kynges presence,
where he beyng almost dismayed seynge the kyng so
nobly accompanied, with fewe woordes, and metely good
reverence, delivered a letter to the king, which received

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the letter and redde it him selfe, and when he had redde
it, without anye more delay he him selfe aunswered after
this sorte. Nowe we perceyve the kyng of Scottes our
brother in law and your master to be the same person
whome we ever toke hym to be, for we never estemed
hym to be of any truthe and so now we have founde
it, for notwithstandynge his othe, his promise in the woord
of kyng, and his awne hand and scale, yet nowe he hath
broken his faith and promise to his great dishonour and
infamie for ever, and entendeth to invade our realme in
our absence which he dirst not ones attempte, our person
beynge presente, but he sheweth him self not to be de-
generate from the condicions of his forefathers, whose
faythes for the most parte hath ever ben violated and
ther promises never observed, farther then they liste.
Therfore tell thy master, first that he shall never be com-
prised in any league where in I am a confederate, and
also that I suspecting his treuth (as now the dede proveth)
have left an erle in my realme at home which shalbe able
to defende him and all his powre, for we have provided
so, that he shall not fynde our land destitute of people
as he thynketh to do : but thus saye to thy master, that
I am the very owner of Scotland, and that he holdeth it of
me by homage, and in so much as now contrary to his
bounden duety he, beinge my vassall, doth rebel against
me, with Gods help I shal at my returne expulse him his
realme, and so tell him : sir sayd the kyng of Armes, I
am his naturall subjecte, and he my naturall lord, and that
he commaundeth me to say, I may boldely saye with favor,
but the commaundementes of other I may not, nor dare
not saye to my sovereigne lorde, but your letters maye
with your honour sent, declare your pleasure, for I may
not say suche woordes of reproche to him whome I owe
only my allegeaunce and fayth. Then sayd the kynge,
wherfore came you hyther, will you receyve no aunswere ?
yes sayde Lion, your answere requireth doyng and no
writyng, that is, that immediatly you should returne
home : well said the kynge, I wyll returne to your domage
at my pleasure, and not at thy masters somonyng. Then
the kyng commaunded garter to take hym to his tente
and make him good chere, which so dyd, and cherished
him wel for he was sore appalled: after he was departed,

the

King Henry the VIII.

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the kyng sent for all the chefe capitaynes, and before
them and all hys counsaill caused the letter to be redde,
the trewe tenor whereof foloweth woorde, by woorde.

THE LETTER OF THE KYNGE
OF SCOTTES.

' I '\ IGHT excellent, right high, and myghty Prince, our
1^ ' deerest brother and Cousyng, we commaund us
' unto you in our mayst harty maner, and re-
ceyved Fra RafF heraulde your letters quharuntill, ye
approve and allow the doynges of your commissioners
lately beyng with ours, at the borders of bathe the
realmes for makyng of redresse, quylke is thought to
you and your counsell should be continnet and delaet to
the XV. day of October. Als ye write, slaars by see
aught not compere personally, but by their attorneis.
And in your other letters with our heraulde Hay, ye
ascertaine us ye wil nought entre in the treux taken
betwext the maste Christian kyng and your father of
Aragon because ye and other of the hale liege, nether
should ne may take peace, treux nor abstinence of warr
with your common enemy, without consent of all the
confederates. And that the Emperour kyng of Aragon,
ye and every of you be bounden to make actuall warre
this instant somer agaynst youre common enemie. And
that so to do is concluded and openly sworne in Paules
kyrke at London upon sainct Markes daye last by past.
And ferther have denyed saveconduyte upon oure re-
questes that a servitor of ours might have resorted your
presence, as our herauld Hay reportes : Right excellent
right high and mightie Prince our derest brother and
Cousyng, the sayed metyng of our and your commissioners
at the borders was peremptorily appyncted betwyxt you
and us eftir diverse dietes for reformacion before con-
tynued to the Commissioners metyng, to eifecte that due
redresse suld have ben made at the/ sayde metynge, lyke
as for our parte, our Commissioners offered to have
made that time : And for your part na malefactour was
then arrested to the saide diet. And to glose the same,
ye nowe wright, that slaars by see nede not compere

' personally.

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' personally, but by their attourneys, quylk is agayne lawe
' of God and man. And gefe in crimenall accion, all slaars
' sulbe nought compere personally, na punicion sulde
' folowe for slaughter, and than vane it were to seke
' farther metynges or redresse. And hereby apperes as
' the dede shewes, that ye wyll nouther kepe gude weyes
' of justice and equitie nor kyndnes with us, the greate
' wronges and unkyndnes done before to us and our lyeges
' we ponderate quhilk we have suffered this long time in
' upberyng maynsweryng noundressynge of Attemptates, so
' as the byll of the taken of in haldyng of bastard Heron
' with his complices in your countre quha slewe our wardan
' under traist of dayes of metyng for justice, and therof
' was filat and ordaynt to be delyvered in slaynge of our
' liege noble men under colour by your folkes, in takynge
' of uthers oute of oure realme, prisonet and cheinet by
' the cragges in your contre, with balding of our wifes
' legacie promist in your diverse letters for dispite of us,
' slaughter of Andrew Barton by your awne commaund quha
' than had nought offended to you nor your lieges unre-
' dressed, and breakynge of the amitie in that behalfe by your
' dede, and with haldynge of our shippes and artilarie to
' your use, quharupon eft our diverse requisitions at your
' wardens. Commissioners, Ambassadors, and your selfe,
' ye wrate and als shewe by uthers unto us, that ful
' redresse suld be made at the sayde metynge of com-
' missioners, and sa were in hope of reformacion, or at the
' lest ye for our sake walde have desisted fra invasion of
' our frendes and Cousynges with in their awne countres
' that have nought offended at you as we firste required
' you in favoure of oure tendre Cousynge the duke of
' Geldre, quham to destroye and disinherite ye send your
' folkes and dudde that was in them. And right sawe
' latly desyred for our brother and Cousynge the mast
' Christen kynge of Fraunce, quham ye have caused to
' tyne his countre of Millaigne, and nowe invades his selfe
' quha is with us in secunde degree of blude, and base ben
' unto you kynde witoute offense and more kyndar than
'to us: notwithstandyng in defense of his persone we
' mon take parte, and therto ye because of uthers have
' geven occasion to us and to oure lyeges in tyme by past,
' nouther doyng justly nor kyndely towardes us, procedynge

' alwayes

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' alwayes to the utter destruction of oure nereste frendes,
' quha mon doo for us quhan it shall be necessarie. In
' evyll example that ye wyll hereafter be better unto us
' quham ye lightlye favoure, manifestlye wranged your
' sister for our sake incontrary our writtes. And sayeng
' unto our herauld that we give you fayre wordes and
' thinkes the contrary, in dede suche it is, we gave you
' wordes as ye dudde us, trustynge that ye shoulde have
' emended to us or worthin kyndar to oure frendes for
' our sakes, and sulde nougtight have stopped oure servi-
' tors passage to laboure peax, that thei might as the papes
' halines exherted us by his brevites to do. And ther-
' apon we were contented to have oversene our harmes
' and to have remitted the same, though uther informacion
' was made to our haly father pape July by the Cardinall
' of Yorke youre Ambassadour. And sen ye have now
' put us fra all gude beleve through the premisses, and
' specially in denyenge of saveconduyte to our servauntes
' to resorte to your presence, as your ambassadour doctor
' west instantly desyred we sulde sende one of oure coun-
' sayll unto you apon greate matters, and appoynctyng of
' difFerentes debatable betwixt you and us, furtheryng of
' peax yf we might betwyxt the most Christen kyng and
' you, we never harde to this purpose saveconduite denied
' betwixte infideles. Herfore we write to you this tyme
' at length playnes of our mynde, that we require and
' desyre you to desiste fra farther invasion and utter de-
' struccion of our brother and Cousynge the mayst Christen
' kynge, to whome by all confederacion bloude and alye
' and also by newe bande, quhilk ye have compelled us
' lately to take through your injuries and harmes without
' remedy done daily unto us, our lieges and subdites, we
' are bounden and oblist for mutuall defence ilke of uthers,
' like as ye and your confederates be oblist for mutuall in-
' vasions and actuall warre : Certifienge you we will take
' parte in defence of our brother and Cousyng the maist
' Christen kyng. And wil do what thing we trayest may
' crast cause you to desist fra persuite of hym, and for
* denyt and pospoynct justice to oure lieges we mon gyve
' letters of Marque accordyng to the amitie betwixte you
' and us, quharto ye have had lyttell regarde in time by
' past, as we have ordaint our herauld the bearer herof to

' saie.

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' saie, gife it like you to here him and gyfe him credence :
' right excellent, right high and mighty Prince our derest
' brother and Cousyng, the Trinitie have you in kepyng.
' Geven under our signet at Edynborowe the xxvi. daye
' of July.

When the kynge rede this letter, he sente it in all
haste to the Earle of Surrey into England, whyche then
lay at Pomfrett, and caused an other letter to be devised
to the kyng of Scottes, the copie whereof foloweth.

' Right excellent, right high, and mighty prince, etc. and
have received your writyng. Dated at Edenburgh the
xxvi. day of July by your heraulde Lyon this bearer,
wherin after rehersall and accumulacion of many sur-
mised injuries, grefes and damages doone by us and our
subjectes to you and your lieges, the specialites wherof
were superfluous to reherse, remembryng that to theim
and every of theim in effect reasonable aunswere founded
upon law and conscience hath tofore ben made to you
and youre counsail, ye not only require us to desiste
from farther invasion and utter destruction of your
brother and Cousyng the Frenche kyng, but also certifie
us that you will take parte in defence of the sayd kyng,
and that thyng which ye trust may rather cause us to
desiste, from persuite of him, with many contrived occa-
sions and communications by you causeles sought and
imagined, sowninge to the breache of the perpetuall peace,
passed, concluded and sworne, betwixt you and us, of
which your imagined querelles causeles devised to breake
to us contrarye to your othe promised, all honor and kind-
nesse : We cannot marvayle, consydering the auncient
accustomable maners of youre progenitours, whyche never
kepte lengcr fayth and promyse than pleased them.
Howebeit, yf the love and dread of God, nighnes of
bloud, honor of the worlde, lawe and reason, had bound
you, we suppose ye woulde never have so farre proceded,
specially in our absence. Wherin the Pope and all Princes
christened may wel note in you, dishonorable demeanour
when ye liyng in awayte seke the wayes to do that in our
sayd absence, whych ye would have bene wel advised to
attempte, we beyng wythin our Realme and presente.
And for the evydent approbacion hereof, we nede none
other proves ne witnesse but your owne writinges heretofore

' to

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to us sent, we beynge wythin our Realme, wherin ye
never made mencion of taking parte wyth our enemie the
Frenche kynge, but passed the tyme wyth us tyll after our
departure from our sayde Realme. And now percase ye
supposinge us so farre from our said realme to be destitute
of defence agaynste youre invasions, have uttered the olde
rancor of youre minde, whiche in covert maner ye have
long kepte secrete. Neverthelesse, we remembrynge the
britilnes of your promise and suspectynge though not
wholy belevyng so much unstedfastnes, thought it ryght-
expedient and necessarie to put our said realme in a redines
for resisting of your saide enterprises, havyng firme trust
in our Lord God and the rightwisnes of our cause with
thassistence of our confederates and Alies wee shalbee able
to resist the malice of all Scismatyques and their adherentes
beynge by the genaraU counsayll expresselye excommuni-
cate and interdicted, trustinge also in tyme conveniente
to remember our frendes, and requite you and oure
enemies, which by suche unnatural demeanour have geven
sufficiente cause to the dysheryson of you and your pos-
teritie for ever from the possibilitie that ye thinke to have
to the realme, whiche ye now attempte to invade. And
yf the example of the kyng of Navarre beinge excluded
from his royalme for assistence geven to the Frenche king
cannot restraine you from thys unnaturall dealinge, we
suppose ye shall have like assistence of the sayde Frenche
kinge as the kinge of Navarre hath now : Who is a kinge
withoute a realme, and so the French kynge peaceably
sufFereth hym to contynue wherunto good regarde woulde
be taken. And lyke as we heretofore touched in this oure
writing, we nede not to make any further aunswer to
the manyfolde greves by you surmised in youre letter :
forasmuche as yf any lawe or reason coulde have removed
you from youre sensuall opinions, ye have bene manie and
often tymes sufficiently aunswered to the same : Excepte
onelye to the pretended greves towchynge the deniynge of
of our saveconduyte to your Ambassadoure to bee last
sent unto us : Where unto we make this aunswere, that we
had graunted the sayde saufeconduite, and yf your herauld
would have taken the same with him lyke as he hathe bene
accustomed to sollicitie saufeconduytes for marchauntes
and others heretofore, ye might as sone have had that, as

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' any other, for we never denied saufeconduyte to any youre
' lieges to come unto us and no further to passe, but we
' se wel, lyke as your sayde herauld had heretofore made
' sinister reporte contrary to trueth so hath he done nowe in
' this case as it is manifest and open. Fynally, as towching
' your requisition to desist from farther attemptyng againste
' our enemy the French kyng, we knowe you for no com-
' petent judge of so high authoritie to require us in that
' behalfe : wherfore God willyng we purpose with the ayde
' and assistence of our confederates and Alies to persecute
' the same, and as ye do to us and our realme, so it shalbe
' remembred and acquited herafter by the help of our lord
' and our patrone S. George. Who righte excellent, ryghte
' hyghe and mightie Prynce, etc, Yeven under our signet
' in our campe before Tyrwyn the xii. daye of August.'

When thys letter was written and sealed, the kynge sent
for Lyon the Scottishe herauld, and declared to him that he
had wel considered his maisters letter, and therto had made
a reasonable answere, and gave to him in reward a hundred
angels, for which reward he humbly thanked the kyng and
so taried with gartier alnight, and ever he sayd that he was
sorye to thinke what domage shoulde be done in Englande
by his mayster or the kinge returned, and so the next day
he departed into Flaunders wyth hys Letter to have taken
shyppe to sayle into Scotlande, but or he coulde have shyppe
and wynde hys mayster was slayne.

After the defiaunce declared by the king of Scottes
herauld, the king of England wrote to the quene and other
which he had left behynd of his counsayl, to prepare in al
haste for the defence of the sayde kynge of Scottes, which
so did with great diligence as you shal heare shortly after.
Whyle the king lay thus at siege before Tyrwyn, the French-
men studied al the wayes possible how to vitayle the towne
of Tyrwyn, and imagined in a nyght by some waye to convey
vitayle to the towne : wherfore every day they sent stradiates
to espie by whiche way they mighte take their most avan-
tage, and many times the Englishe horsmen met with the
stradiates and of them slewe parte.

The French kynge woulde in any wyse that the kyng of
Englande shoulde bee foughte wyth all, wherfore he sent
the duke of Vandosme, the duke of Longuile with diverse
other valiant captains of Blangoy. Then was there a con-
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elusion taken that the duke of Alanson should with v. M.
men fyght with the erle of Shrewsbury, or els to kepe that
nother he nother the lord Harbert should aide or come to
the kynges battayle, and with the king should skyrmysh
the duke of Vandosme and Longuyle, whyle in the meane
season the cariages with vitayle myght entre the toune.
For accomplishyng of this enterpryse, the Frenchmen made
greate purveaunce and al on horsebacke, this was not so
secretly concluded but the kyng of England had an ynke-
lyng therof, and sent worde to the Emperour which lay at
Ayre and knewe nothyng of this devyse and desyred hym
to come to the campe to have his advyse : which gladly
aunswered that he woulde come the morowe after. The
kyng continually sent forth his light horses to seke the
countrey and to se yf anye apparaunce wer, and they ever
brought tidinges of such things as thei saw, so that alwayes
it was forsene that the kyng nor hys people shuld be taken
unpurveied, nor the Frenchmen shoulde not come on them
sodainly unaskried.

"While these thinges were thus in commonynge and
immagenyng, themperour Maximilian and all his servauntes,
whyche were reteined with the king of England in wages
by the day, every person accordinge to his degre, and
Themperour as the kinges souldioure ware a Crosse of
saynte George wyth a Rose, and so he and al his traine
came to the kinges campe the xiii. day of August beyng
Fridaye, and there was receyved wyth greate magnificence
and broughte to a tente of cloth of golde all ready appareled
accordynge to hys estate, for all the tente within was syled
wyth clothe of golde and blewe velvet, and all the blewe
velvet was embrowdered with H. K. of fyne golde, and hys
cupboorde was rychely furnyshed and officers appoyncted to
geve on hym attendaunce : and there he taried tyl Sonday,
and from thence he went agayne to Ayre for his pleasure.
The kyng and his counsayl were informed by their espialles,
and also it was confessed by certayne prisoners, howe the
French army which lay at Blangoy, entended to vitail the
cytie of Tyrwyn. Wherefore on Fridaye at nighte, the
xiii. daye of Auguste the Duke of Buckyngham, the Earle
of Essex, the Marques Dorset the Lorde of Burgaynye, the
Lorde Willoughby, and diverse other gentlemen wyth vi.
thousand men on foote and the Lorde Walon and the Lorde

Ligny

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Ligny with ther horsemen were layed at Gingate on the
south syde of Tyrwyn, where they were all nyghte in order
of battayle, awaytynge the reskewe of the citie, but the
Englyshmen were askryed, and so the Frenchmen brake
their purpose for that time : and so the duke of Buckyngham
and hys compaygnions returned to the campe. Mondaye
the xiii. daye of Auguste by infortune, wythoute anye cause
knowen, there fell a greate debate betwene the Almaynes
of the kynges felde and Thenglyshmen, in so muche that
they fell to fightinge and many men slayne, the Almaynes
sodaynely ranne to the kynges ordinaunce and toke it, and
embattayled them selfes, and bent the ordinaunce agaynst
the kinge and his campe. Thenglyshmen were greately
fumed with this matter : in so muche the archers set forward
to have joyned with the Almaynes, and they lykewpe pre-
pared their pykes, but the capytaynes tooke suche payne
that the fray was appesed and al things done for that time,
but as this commocion was in troublen the Emperour came
from Ayre and saw al the demener of both parties and was
glad to se the discrete handelyng of the capitaynes. After
Themperour was come to the kinges feld, the king called
Themperour and aU the lordes of his counsayll together
asserteyninge them that he was credibly enformed that the
Frenchmen entended to reskew the citie of Tyrwyn, where-
fore it was agreed that the mayster of the ordynaunce
shoulde in haste make fyve bridges over the water for the
armye to passe over, to thentent to besiege the citie on that
syde : the carpenters dyd so there dever that nyght, so that
by daye al the brydges were made, so that all the horssemen
passed over and askryed the countrey. On Tewsdaye the
xvi. day of August the kynge reysed his campe, and wyth
greate ordinaunce and all other artilerie and cariage he passed
the Ryver, and to him came Sir Jhon Nevel with hys lyghte
horssemen and tolde hym that behynde the tower of Gingate
was a great plumpe of horsemen. In the meane season, as
sir Jhon Nevel told the kinge these tidinges, by another
waye was the Erie of Essex, Sir Jhon Peche and the kings
speres passed and skirmished with the plump of speres that
Sir Jhon spake of, and there were manye prefers made on
both sides, but in conclusion the Frenchmen wer compelled
to leave their stale, and one horseman taken and sente to
the kynge whyche in hope of pardon of his raunsome shewed

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King Henry the VIII.

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howe that the Frenche armye with their full power and
strength were comming from Blangoy the nomber of
fyftene thousande horssemen of armes to ayde Tyrwyn on
that side of the water. And to thentente that the armye
of the Lorde Stuarde, and the Lorde Chamberlayne shoulde
not ayde the kynge, there wer appoyncted fyve thousande
of the fiftene thousande horssemen on the other side of the
water. As these tidinges was tolde came one from Sir Ryce,
and sayde that a prisoner that he had that day taken, con-
fessed that the citie shoulde be reskowed the same day, and
that he had askryed a nomber of horssemen to hys judge-
mente uppon the poyncte of six thousande. Then sodaynely
came the Northren menne, whyche affirmethe, that they had
sene the Frenche armye in ordre of battayle commynge
forwarde, but they judged them not paste twelfe thousande
menne. Then the kynges felde was pytched and the ordy-
naunce set, but some counsayled the kynge to take doune
hys tentes but the kinge sayde I will this daye that my felde
be made and sette in as royall wise as maye bee, and all my
ryche tentes sette up, whyche was done. Then the kynge
called the Lorde Darcy, and commaunded hym to kepe his
felde, treasure ordynaunce and other stufFe, which was lothe
to go from hys Mayster but by streyte commaundemente.
Then everye man prepared hym selfe to battayle resortynge
to the standarde, the horsemen marched before the footmen
by the space of a myle, still came curroures berynge tydynges
that the Frenche armye approched. The kynge bad sette
forwarde and to avaunce hys banner in name of God and
sainct George. The Almanies seyng this (to what purpose
it was not knowen) sodaynelye embateled them selfes on the
lefte hande of the kinge and lefte the breste or fronte of the
kynges battayle bare. As the kynge was thus marchinge
forwarde towarde the battayle, to hym came the Emperoure
Maximilian wyth xxx. men of armes, he and al his company
armed in on sute with redde crosses : then by the counsayll
of the Emperour the kynge caused certayne peces of small
ordinaunce to bee layed on the toppe of a longe hyll or
banke for the oute skowerers : Thus the kynges horssemen
and a fewe archers on horssebacke marched forwarde. The
kynge woulde fayne have bene afore wyth the horssemen,
but hys counsayll perswaded hym the contrarye, and so he
taryed wyth the footmen accompanied wyth themperour.

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The Frenchmen came on in iii. ranges xxxvi. mens
thickenes and wel they perceived the kinges battayle of
footmen marching forward : the erle of Essex capitayne of
the horsemen, and sir Jhon Peche with the kinges horsmen
and the Burgonions to the nomber of a xi. C. stode with
banner displaied in a valey. The Lorde Walonne and the
lord Ligny with bastarde Emery and there bend to the
nomber of iiii. C. horsmen severed them selfes and stode
a syde from the Englishmen : so then thengl-ishmen were
but vii. C. yet they with banner displayed removed up to
the toppe of the hill, and there they met with sir Jhon
Gilford a C. talle archers on horsebacke, which had askryed
the Frenchmen. Now on the toppe of the hill was a fayre
plaine of good grounde, on the lefte hand a lowe wodde,
and on the right hand a falow felde. The lord Walonne
and the burgonions kepte them a loofe, then appered in
sight the Frenchmen with banners and standardes displaied.
Then came to the capitaines of Thenglishmen of armes, an
English officer of armes called Clarenseux and saide, in
Gods name set forward, for the victory is youres for I se
by them, they will not abyde, and I wyll go wyth you in
my coate of armes. Then the horsemen set forward, and
the archers alighted and were set in order by an hedge aU
a long a village side called Bomy : the Frenchmen came
on wyth xxxiii. standardes displayed and the archers shot a
pace and galled their horses, and the English speares set on
freshly, crieng sainct George, and fought valyantly with the
Frenchmen and threw done their standarde, the dust was
greate and the crye more, but sodaynly the Frenchmen
shocked to their standarde and fled and threw awaye their
speres, swerdes and mases and cut of the bardes of their
horses to ronne the lighter, when the hinder part saw the
former flye, they fled also, but the soner for one cause which
was this. As the Englysh horsemen mounted up the hil,
the stradiates were commynge doune wardes on the one syde
of the hill before the French host, which sodainly saw the
banners of the Englysh horsemen, and the kinges battayl
folowyng upwarde, wening to them that all had bene
horsmen, then thei cast them self about and fledde, the
Frenchmen wer so fast in array that the stradiates could
have no entre, and so they ran stil by thendes of the ranges
of the French army : and when they behinde saw the fall

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of their standardes and their stradiates in whome they had
greate confidence t'etorne, they that were farthest of fledde
firste, then up pranced the Burgonions and folowed the
chace : thys battayle was of horsmen to horsemen but not in
egal nomber, for the Frenchmen wer tenne to one, whyche
had not bene sene before tyme, that the Englyshe horssemen
gatt the vyctorye of the men of armes of Fraunce. The
Frenchemen call this battaylle the journey of Spurres because
they ranne awaye so faste on horssebacke. Thys battayll
was the xvi. daye of Auguste, in the whyche battayle was
taken the Duke of Longuile, Leys brother to the Earle of
Dunoys whyche had maryed the Marques of Rutilons heyre,
the Lorde Cleremounde and manye other noble men to the
nomber of twelve skore and all broughte to the kynges
presence, and lykewise al the standardes and banners were
brought to the king. The Burgonions kept their prisoners
and brought them not to sight. The fame wente that
Mounsire de la palayce was by them taken and lett go.
Thenglyshemen folowed the chace thre mile longe, from
the felde to a water in a valeye, and there a Frencheman
sayde to Sir Gyles Capell, that one daye they woulde have
a daye, whyche aunswered hym agayne in Frenche that it
was a bragge of Fraunce : and so the Englishmen returned
to the kynge, whyche was commynge forwarde who gave
them thankes wyth great praysynges for the valyantnes, and
there he made Sir Jhon Pech Banneret and made Jhon Car
knight whyche was sore hurte, and Sir Jhon Peche had hys
guyd home taken and divers of his men hurt, they folowed
so farre. Then the kynge retreted to Gingate, to whom
came sir Rise and shewed him how boat the Frenchmen
had skirmished with hym all daye on the other syde of the
ryver, and how therle of Shrewsbury with banner displayed
was al day prest in ordre of battayle to have fought with
the duke Alanson and therle of sainct Polle and the lord of
Floringes which with v. M. men as you have heard were
appoincted to reskewe the toune on that syde, where the
Lord of Shrewsbury lay, and to let him to come to aid the
king, but how soever that it happened, they stode stil and
came not doune but onelye skirmished with sir Rice. The
citie of Tyrwyn was this day in hope of ayde, and when
they saw their helpers comming nere they the same day
proudely issued out on the lord Harbert and skirmished

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with his people very valiantly, and thei within also shot
out ordinaunce of al partes. The lorde Harbert and his
captaines coragyouslye defended them, and so sore they set
on the Frenchmen, that they drave them by force to their
gates for al their succors, and many of them wer slaine :
this night the kinge sent for the duke of Longeuile and the
lorde Cleremound and diverse other noble men, and the
duke supped at the kinges borde that night.

Then the Frenchmen after this discomfiture assembled
together and returned to Blangoy xii. myle from the coste,
and there talked of their losses, and because they knewe not
who were taken and who wer slain, therefore they sent an
heraulde to the kynge to knowe the nomber of the prisoners,
the kinges counsayll according to their desyre sente to them
the names. The kyng beynge assertayned that the French
kinges purpose was yet agayne to geve him battayll, com-
maunded the best of the prysoners shoulde be conveyed
to the toune of Ayre in Flaunders : but when thenglishe-
men had brought them thyther, the capitayne denyed that
thenglishmen shoulde entre the toune wyth prisoners of
Fraunce with whome he and his countrey had peace : but
yf the Frenche menne woulde desire lodginge for their ease,
they shoulde be permitted to entre. But thenglishmen in a
fury aunswered, that yf you wyll not suffer us to kepe our
prysoners, we wil slay them : then the Frenchmen mekely
prayed the capitayne to suffer the Englishemen to entre,
and sware to their kepers to bee true prysoners, and so they
entered and after were conveyed into England. The Lord
Powntremy of the house of Cresquy capytayne generall of
Tirwyn perceyved the dyscomfyture of the French partie,
and perceyved how the Earle of Shrewsbury and the Lorde
Harbert had brought thither great ordinaunce so nere the
toune that nerer it coulde not be broughte, and that in the
walles was suche batterie that it was not lyke to continue,
yet he manfully defended the citie, and shote gonnes everye
daye as he was accustomed and never was in despayre, tyll
the xviii. daye of the sayde monethe he sawe the kynge
remove his campe from Gyngate and layed hys campe on
the southe syde of the toune betwene their reskewe and
the toune : then when he sawe this and consydered that
hys succoures were put backe and that the toune was sore
febeled, and that the kinges greatest ordinaunce was bent

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againste the toune, he therfore by the advyse of other
capitaynes sent to therle of Shrewsburye and the Lorde
Harberte a trumpet, desieryng abstinence of warre for a
daye, they incontynente sent to the kynge to knowe hys
pleasure, the kinge aunswered that he woulde not graunte
till he knewe the consideracion : then the captayne sent
woorde that with saufeconduyte he woulde come and speake
with the kinges counsayll, which to him was graunted, then
he sent certayn commissioners whiche offered to delyver the
toune wyth all the ordynaunce and municions withoute anye
fraude, so that the townes men that woulde there dwell
myght have lyfe and goodes safe, and that the men of warre
might departe wyth horse and harneys, for goodes they
sayde they had none, and there horse and harneys was of
litle valure to so great a prince. After that the kyng and
his counsayU had debated this matter, it was aunswered the
commissioners that althoughe the kynge knewe their penury
of vitayle and the dayly mortalitie amonge them and that
the towne by reason of greate batteries was not able longe
to resiste, yet because they asked mercye he woulde not
extende rygor, and graunted there requeste, so that they
delyvered the towne wyth all the ordynaunce as they had
promysed, to the whyche all they wer sworne, and so re-
turned. And the same nyght therle of Shresbury entred
the toune and had the walles and towers and the banner of
saint George was set in the highest place in signe of victory,
and the lord Powtremy with al the garrison departed with
horse and harnes according to the appoinctment. Then the
Lord George Talbot erle of Shrewsbury, with iii. C. men
serched the toune for feare of treason, or that any incon-
venience might be unto the king and his people : and after
that he saw al thing sure, he called al the tounes men
together, and sware them, to be true to the king of Eng-
land. When all this was done, the kynge on the xxiiii. day
of August entered into the citie of Tyrwyn, at ix. of the
clocke before none with great triumphe and honour, his
persone was apparelled in armure gilt and graven, his garment
and barde purple velvet full of borders, and in al places
traversed with branches in ronnyng worke of fyne golde,
the branches were of hawthorne wrought by goldsmithes
craft wounde with a braunche of Roses, and every flower,
lefe and bury were enbossed : After whome folowed his

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henxmen with the peces of armure accustomed : thus with
great glory this goodly prince entered and toke possession
of the towne of Tirwin and was received at the Cathedral
church with procession, and they heard masse and dyned in
the bishoppes palice, and at after none retorned to his campe,
leving in the towne the Earle of Shrewsbury with his retinue.
The xxvi. daye of August the kyng removed agayne to
Gingate, and there it was agreed that the walles, gates,
bulwarckes and towers of Tirwin should be defaced, rased
and cast doune : of whiche conclusion the Emperour sainct
worde to sainct Omers, and to Ayre, which beyng joyous
of that tidinges (for Tyrwyn was for them a scorge) sent
thither pioners with all maner of instrumentes, and so they
and thenglish pyoners brake doune the walles, gates and
towres of the foundacion and filled the dyche and fiered the
towne, except the Cathedral church and the palaice, and al
the ordinaunce was by the king sent to Ayre, to be kept
to hys use. After this, it was concluded that the king in
person should ley his siege to the citie or Towne of Turney,
wherfore he set forward thre goodlye battailes, the first was
conduited by therle of Shrewsbury, the second battayle led
the kyng hymselfe with whome was Themperoure. The
rereward was conduyted by the lorde Harbert : and so the
first night thei laye in campe beside Ayre, which night vitayle
was skant, diverse Englyshmen tarried in Tirwin when the
kyng was past for pillage and fyered certayne houses, on
whome came sodainly the French stradiates and some they
slew and some they caste into the fier, thei that fledde,
scaped narrowly.

"Wednesday the xiiii. day of September the king and his
army came to Beatwyn, and there had plenty of all thinges,
and on the morowe he with his army passed forward and
came to a strayt where was a foord and al the carriages must
nedes come doune a stepe hill to the foord and so to the
streyt, where as one wagon scace alone might passe, and
the wether was hoat and the beastes had not droncke all day,
wherfore at the foorde the horses woulde drynke maugre
ther leders, and so the cariages went not al hole together
which was a doubtful case, but yet by wise ordre thei passed
thfe streyt and so did the army and came to a place betwene
Cavon and Cambline and there lodged that nighte in a
plaine barren grounde, and the next day removed his campe

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and the forwarde passed a bridge called pount Avandien into
Flaunders side and ther lay, the king lay at the other ende
of the bridge on Arthoys syde, and the rereward lay in a
fayre grounde behinde the king.

Saterday the xvii. day of September tidings came to the
king how the Frenchmen had assembled a great puissaunce
and would fight with the king, wherefore the king caused
his forward to remove farther and sent the Almaynes to
kepe the passage the pount dassaus. Then the greate ordi-
naunce passed the bridge of pount avandien and the king
was removed from thence and his tentes were takinge up,
an askrye was made that the enemies were in sight, which
noise was sodainly seased, and sir William Sandes with vii. C.
Englishmen and strangers was appoincted to kepe the bridge
and certayne ordinaunce was to him appoincted.

When the king and al the carriages were passed, then the
lord Harbert removed over the bridge and encamped hym
behinde the king by a fayre mille, when the kinge was
encamped and aU thinges in order, there came to him a
noble man of Flaunders called the lord Ravensten which
after his humble reverence done, shewed the king that
the young prince of castel Charles and the lady Margaret
governes of the sayde prince most hartely desired him for
his pastime after hys long travayle to come and repose in
his toune of Lisle and to see hys brother the prince and the
ladies of the court of Burgoyne, saiynge that it became not
ladies to visite him in his marciall campe whyche to them
was terrible. The king gentelly graunted his request, and
then he sent his officers thether to make provision and
appoyncted the Duke of Buckyngham the Marques Dorset
therle of Essex and the lord Lisle and dyverse other to
geve ther attendaunce on him, and committed his campe to
his counsayll. Then he mounted on a courser, his apparel
and barde were cloth of sylver of smal quadrant cuttes tra-
versed and edged wyth cutt cloth of golde, and the border
set full of redde rooses, hys armore freshe and set ful of
juels, the Maister of hys horse Sir Henry Guylforde and
the Henshmen folowed as you have heard before, and the
coursers richly appareled and so were many capitaynes that
wayted on the kinge : by the way met the king the lord
Ravensten wyth many noble men and a myle without the
toune ther mette with him the Bourgpsses of Lysle and

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presented to him the keies of the toune, sayeng, that
Themperour their sovereygne lord had so commaunded them
to do. The king praised their obediens to their sovereygne,
and thanked themperour and them for so high a presente
as the keyes of such a toune. Never thelesse he had suche
confidence in them, that he trusted them no lesse then hys
owne subjectes, and so delyvered the keyes to the provost of
the toune, which was wel accompanied : then mette the king
a great nomber of nobles of Flaunders, Brabant, HoUande
and Henawde, which nobly received him. After them came
the Countye Palatine or Paulsgrave one of the electors
of the empire with xxx. horsses al his men gorgiously
appareilled after the fashion of his countrey, and humbly
saluted the king. At the gate of Lisle the captayn of the
toune stode with a garrison in armure wel appoincted, al
the stretes were set on both sides with burning torches and
diverse goodly pagiantes pleasant to beholde : thus he passed
thorow the towne with his swerde and maces borne before
hym, and alighted at the hal dore with his swerd borne,
where met with him themperour the prince of castel and the
lady Margaret and humbly saluted him : then for reverence
of themperour, the kinge caused his swerde to be put
up and his maces to be leyed doune, then was the kinge
and all other nobles lodged and feasted according to their
degrees.

In the toune of Lisle was a noys, that thre gonners with
handgonnes should have slayn the king : For which rumor
many were attached, but nothinge proved, but when thys
tidinges came to the campe, they were never mery til they
saw the king agayne, great was the chere with bankettes,
playes, commodies, maskes and other pastymes that was
shewed to the king in the courte of Burgoyne, and so in
solace he sojornied there Sondaye and Mondaye the xix. day
of September : the xx. day he sent woorde that his army
shoulde remove towarde Tournay, and so they removed to
a place convenient betwene Tournay and Lisle and certain
capitaynes were appoincted to kepe the passage at the bridge
of Avandien.

After that the king had taried at Lisle iii. dayes, and had
wel reposed himselfe, he toke his leave and thanked the
Emperour and the young prince and the lady Margaret and
al the ladies of all his high chere and solace and about six of

the

King Henry the VIII.

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the clock at nyght he departed out of Lisle, and the noble
men broughte the kinge forth and so returned, and then the
captayne shutt the gates.

When the kyng was a mile and more out of the toun, he
asked wher his campe lay ? and no man there could tel the
way, and guyde had they none, the night was darcke and
mistie : thus the king taried a long while and wist not
whither to go, at last they mett with a vitayler commyng
from the campe which was their guyde and brought them
thither. The mayster of the ordinaunce shotte diverse
peces of ordynaunce but they were not harde, but in safetie
the king with all hys company returned.

The xxi. day of September the kyng removed his campe
towarde Tournay and lodged within thre miles of the citie,
on a corne grounde by the river. The which night came
to the king Themperour and the Paulsgrave whiche were
lodged in ryche tentes, and noblye served of all vyandes
and thynges necessarye. The people aboute Tournay were
with their goodes fledde to the citie, and yet the cytye
hadde no men of warre to defende it, but wyth multitude
of inhabitauntes the citie was wel replenished : the king
commaunded sir Rice and hys horsemen to vewe one quarter,
and therle of Essex and hys company another quarter, and
the lorde Walowne and the lord Ligny the other quarters :
so the xxii. day of September these iiii. capitaines at one time
were sone openly with banners displaid before the toune,
and there made a longe stale and retorned. The king sent
Gartier king of armes and a pursivant of armes with a
trompet to somon the citie, which declared that the kinge
of England and of Fraunce commaunded them to yelde to
him his citie and to receive him as their natural lord, or he
would put them and their citie to swerde, fyer and blud.
To whom they proudely answered, that thei toke no citie of
him to kepe, nor none wold they render, with which answer
he departed. Then they fortified their waUes, and made
provision for vitaile, corne, wine and artilerie, and for al
fortificacions that might be gotten. And the citie of it selfe
was strong, well walled and turrited with good Bulwarkes
and defences : But when they saw the kynge with such a
puissance draw nere to the citie, they were sore abashed and
called a generall counsayl : then the provost sayde, brethren
you knowe how that the king of England sent an heraulde

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to somon us to rendre to hym this citie, or elles he woulde
put it and us to the swerde, fyer and bloude, we answered
we would be at defence : now he is come in our syght to
fulfyll the message sent by hys herauld, and now is come
the time of our defence, and in this matter standeth iii.
mischiefes, one is our bounden deuty and allegeaunce that
we owe to our soveraygne lord king Loys of Fraunce, the
second the lifes of us, our wyfes, children and neyghbours,
the third how to defend the final destruccion of this auncient
cyty whych is likely to fall, whiche citie was never con-
quired and now our citie is hole (your lyfes in savity, your
goodes your own) determine whither you wil have warr or
peace : then the common people cryed al war, war, war, then
said the provost, take compassion of wyfes and children
and of the olde folke, consyder yf you have no quick reskue
you can not contynue againste yonder puisance, al tho your
corages were as good as Hectors or Achylles, thys the wysest
of the citie and I have considered. Then sodaynly was there
in the counsayll, a vantparler, a botcher whych heryng this,
called a great nomber of his afiynite and went out of the
counsayl, and so out of the gates and set fier of the suborbes
on all sydes. When the counsayl sawe the myndes of the
commons and that ther wayes might not be folowed, then
they comforted the people and maynteyned them for ther
defence. The kyng raysed his campe and came in Array
of battayle before Tornay, the Earle of Shresbury with the
forward was a littell space on the right hand brest with the
kyngs battayle, and the lord Harbert with the rereward on
the left hande in lyke manner, the day was faire and the
harneis glistered and banners waved that they of the citie
were sore afrayed : thus stode the kinges battayles in Array
before Tournay. Then the kynge commaunded hys greate
ordynaunce to bee caried in the waye passynge towarde the
cytie and so every thing according to his commaundement
was accomplished. Then the king him selfe with a fewe
persones rode betwene hys ordynaunce and the towne, and
rode in great adventure so nere the walles that he might
vewe the walles and the toures very wel : they shote oute
of their toures peces of ordinaunce and hurt such as came
within their level. Then they rong the alarme bell, which
was harde wel in the felde. Then the citezens issued out
at the gate by the river and manfully profered skirmyshe,

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but they with archers were sone driven backe to theyr gates.
The Englishe cariers, that came wyth the harbeshers to take
ground ranne to the gates of Tornay, and toke certaine
wagons with beere and vitayle and yet the Turnoyes dirst
not resiste, although thei wer in greater nomber then the
men of cariage. In this skirmish the horsse of the lord
Jhon Gray brother to the Marques Dorset which went to
defende the Cariours was slayne with a gonne, and he not
hurt. After that the king in person had thus in jeopardie
aventured him self and vewed the toun, he caused imme-
diatly xxi. peces of gret artilery to be brought in a plain feld
before the toune, and when they were charged, they wer
immediatly shotte, and the most part of the stones fell
within the cytie, and so they shotte diverse shottes one
after another.

Then the king with al his battayle planted hys siege on
the northe parte of the citie : Therle of Shrewsbury with
his battayl warded toward the south syde of the ryver and
there lay that nyght. The Lord Harbert with the rereward
planted his battail on the west side of the citie, and with
great ordynaunce dayly bet the walles and toures of the citie.
On the morow beynge the xxiii. day : the Lorde Talbot
Earle of Shrewsbury accompanied with the noble men of his
battayll whose names you have heard at his first passyng the
sea, passed over the river of Tornay and planted his siege
on the south syde stretching to the Easte ende of the citie,
and bent his artillery against the walles of the citie. Thus
was the citie of Tornay besieged on aU partes, and ever in
hope of reskue valyantly defended her selfe.

Now must I leve the kynge at the siege of Turnay, and
diverte to thinges done in Englande in his absence, and
declare how the kyng of Scottes invaded the realme of
Englande, and how he was defended and fought with al,
and in conclusion slayne the vii. day of this moneth of
September.

When the king of Englande was determined in his high
courte of Parliament to passe the sea, in proper person, for
the recovery of his realme of Fraunce, he and hys counsayll
forgat not the olde Prankes of the Scottes which is ever to
invade England when the kynge is oute, or within age :
and also he bad knowlege that at Camphere in zeland the
Scottes dayly shipped long speres called coUeyne clowistes.

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armure and artilerie, whych dealyng made his grace and his
counsail to dowt, notwythstanding that the king of Scottes
was sworne on the sacrament to kepe the peace, yet for
voydynge of al dowtes, the kyng appoynted the lord Thomas
Haward erle of Surrey sonne to the lord Jhon Haward
duke of NorfFolke and high treasourer and marshall of
Englande, to be hys lieutenaunt in the North parties
agaynste the sayed kynge of Scottes, yf he fortuned to
inuade (as he dyd in dede) accordynge to the old tray-
torous accustome of hys progenitors, and that the sayed
earle should reise the powers of the contrey of Chester,
Lancaster, Duresme, Northumberlande, Westmerlande, and
Comberlande, besyde other aydes to be poyncted by the
quene. And when the kynge shoulde take shippe at
Dover, he toke the Earle by the hande and sayde, my
Lorde I truste not the Scottes, therfore I praye you be
not negligent : then sayde the earle I shall so do my
duety, that youre grace shall fynde me diligent, and to
fulfyll your will shalbe my gladnes : The Earle coulde
skantly speake when he toke hys leave, for the departinge
from the noble prynce hys sovereigne Lorde and kynge,
and from the floure of all the nobilitye of thys realme,
beynge redy in suche an honorable jorney. And when he
was somewhat settelled in hys mode, he sayde to some that
were about hym : Sory may I se hym or I dye, that is
cause of my abydinge behynde, and yf ever he and I
mete, I shal do that in me lyeth to make hym as sory yf
I can : meanynge the same by the kyng of Scottes. From
Dover he attendid on the quene to London, comfortynge
her the beste he myght, and shortely sent for hys gentel-
men and tenauntes, whiche were v. C. able men, whiche
mustered before syr Thomas lovell, knyght, the xxi. daye
of July, and the xxii. daye he rode thorough London
Northward, and came to Dancaster, and there com-
maunded syr William bulmer knight, to make haste to
the marches of Scotlande, and to lye in the castels and
fortresses on the frontiers with ii. C. archers on horse-
backe : for the Earle by open tokens dayly perceived that
the Scottes entended warre. Then the sayde Sir William
with all spede departed and came to the borders and the
erle came to Pomfret, the firste daye of August, and there
taried. After that Syr Wylliam bulmer was come to the

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borders, one daye in Auguste, the Lorde Chamberlayne
and warden of Scotlande wyth vii. or viii. M. men wyth
banner displayed entered into Englande, and brent and
haryed a great praye in Northumberlande, that heringe
syr William bulmer, called to hym the gentelmen of the
borders wyth hys archers, and all they were not a thousande
And when they were nere assembled, they brought

men.

them selfes in to a brome felde, called Mylfeld, where the
Scottes shoulde passe. And as the Scottes proudely re-
turned wyth their pray, the Englishemen brake oute, and
the Scottes on fote lyke men them defended, but the
archers shotte so holy together, that they made the Scottes
geve place, and v. or vi. hundred of them were slayne,
and iiii. hundred and more taken prisoners, and the pray
reskued beside a great number of geldynges that were
taken in the countrey, and the lord Hume, lord Chamber-
layne fled, and his banner taken. This was the fyrst open
token of warre, shewed by the Scottes, whiche call thys
journey the yll Roade.

The Earle of Surrey, beynge at Pompfret, called to hym
the most parte of the Gentelmen of the Counties to hym
apoynted as is before rehersed, declaringe to them the
Kynges hygh commaundement, shewynge them, that he
beynge there the Kynges Lieutenaunt muste nedes have
ayde and counsayll : Wherefore he sware the mooste
wysest and experte gentelmen in suche causes of the
kynges counsayll and hys for that tyme, for the better
compassynge hys charge and purpose, and for too brynge
every thynge in dewe order : Fyrst they toke a determina-
cion wyth Syr Philippe Tylney knight, Treasurer of the
warres, howe the charges shoulde be payde, and secondarely
wyth syr Nycholas applyarde, master of the ordinaunce,
for the conveyaunce of the Kynges Royall ordinaunce,
pouder and artiUerie to Newcastell, and so forwarde as
the case shoulde requyer, whyche Syr Nycholas by William
Blacknall, clercke of the Kynges spyceri, sent the sayde
ordinaunce and artyllerye to Durham before, so that all
thynges, concerning that office were in a redynes. The
Earle forgatt not to sende to all Lordes Spirituall and
Temporall, Knyghtes, Gentelmenne, or other whiche had
tenauntes, or were rulers of Tounes or liberties (able to
make men) to certifye what number of able men horsed

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and harnesed, they were able to make within an houres
warnynge and to geve there attendaunce on hym, and also
he layed Postes every waye, whyche Postes stretched to
the marches of Wales to the counsayll there, by reason
whereof, he had knowlege what was done in everye
coste.

The earle was enformed by the Lorde Dacres, of the
numbrynge and preparyng of men in Scotlande, and
Proclamacions soundynge to the breche of peace, and yet
though he considered that the Roade made by the lorde
Chamberlayne of Scotlande into England, beynge dis-
trussed by Syr William Bulmer, as is afore rehersed, was
an open breche of the perpetuall pece : yet the sayde
Lorde Dacres avysed the Earle for many and greate
weyghty causes, not to reyse or styrre the powers of the
countrey, to hym appoynted tyll he mighte perceyve and
openly know the subtyle purpose and entent of the Scottes
aforesaid, lest yf the Scottes had perceyved the Englishe-
men redy to fight, they woulde have desisted of theyr
purpose for that tyme, tyll the Englishemen were re-
turned to their countreys, and then sodaynely to ryse
agayne.

Then the Erie knowynge that the towne of Barwyck
was strong ynough, sent to the Capitayne of Norham,
certefienge hym, that yf he thought the Castell in anye
daungier or debylitie, he woulde put hym selfe in a
readynes to reskew it, if it were beseged, the Capitayn
wrote to the Earle, thankynge hym and prayed GOD
that the Kynge of Scottes woulde come wyth hys puys-
saunce, for he woulde kepe hym playe tyll the tyme that
the Kynge of Englande came out of Fraunce to reskew
it, whyche aunswer rejoysed the Earle muche.

After the Kyng of Scottes had sent hys defyaunce to
the kynge of Englande, lyenge before Tyrwyn, as you
have harde, he dayly made hys musters, and assembled
hys people over all hys Realme, whereof the brute was
that they were twoo hundred thousand, but for a surety
they were an hundred thousand good fightynge men at
the lest, and with all hys hoste" and power entered into
Englande (and threw doune pyles) the xxii. daye of
August, and planted hys siege before the Castell of Nor-
ham, and sore abated the walles. The Earle hard tydynges

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thereof the fyve and twenty day of August, beynge saynct
Barthelmewesdaye.

Then he wrote to all the Gentelmen of the shyres afore-
sayde, to be wyth hym at Newcastell, the fyrste daye of
September next wyth all there retynew accordynge to the
certificat. On the morow, he wyth hys fyve hundred
menne came to Yorke, and the xxvi. daye he went toward
Newcastell, and not wythstandynge that he had the fowleste
daye and nyght that coulde be, and the wayes so depe, in
so muche that hys guyde was almoste drouned before
hym, yet he never ceased, but kept on hys jorney to geve
example to them that shoulde folowe. He beynge at
Durham was advertised how the Kynge of Scottes wyth
hys greate ordinaunce had rased the walles of the Castell
of Norham, and had made thre great Assaultes thre dayes
together, and the Capitaynes valiauntly defended hym, but
he spent vaynely so muche of hys ordinaunce, bowes and
arrowes and other municions that at the laste he lacked,
and so was at the vi. daye compelled to yelde hym symplye
to the Kynges mercye. Thys castell was thought im-
pregenable, yf it had bene well furnished, but the Scottes
by the undiscrete spendynge of the Capitayne, toke it in
sixe dayes: thys chaunce was more sorowful to the Earle
then to the Bishoppe owner of the same. All that nyghte
the wynde blewe coragiously, wherfore the earle doubted
least, the Lorde Hawarde hys sonne greate Admyrall of
Englande shoulde perishe that nyght on the sea, who
promised to lande at Newcastell with a thousand men, to
accompaynie his father, whych promyse he accomplished.

The Earle harde Masse, and appoynted wyth the Prior
for saincte Cutberdes banner, and so that daye beynge the
thyrty daye of August he came to Newcastell: thither
came the Lorde Dacres, Syr William Bulmer, Syr Marma-
ducke Constable, and many other substanciall Gentelmen,
whome he reteyned wyth hym as counsayllers, and there
determined that on Sundaye nexte ensuynge, he shoulde
take the felde at Bolton in Glendale, and because many
souldiours were repayrynge to hym, he lefte Newcastell
to the en tent that they that folowed, shoulde have there
more rome, and came to Alnewyke the thyrde daye of
September, and because hys souldiars were not come, by
reason of the foule waye he was fayne to tarye there

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all the fourthe daye beynge Sundaye, whiche daye came
to hym the Lorde Admyrall his sonne, with a compaignye
of valyaunt Capitaynes and able souldiars and maryners,
whiche all came from the sea, the commynge of hym muche
rejoyced his father, for he was very wyse, hardy, and of
greate credence and experience. Then the Erie and his
counsayll, wyth great deliberacion appoynted his battayles
in order with wynges and with ryders necessarie.

C Fyrste of the forwarde was capitayne the Lorde Ha-
warde, Admyrall of Englande, with suche as came from the
sea, and wyth hym syr Nycholas Applyarde, syr Stephan Bull,
syr Henry Shyreburne, syr Wylliam Sydney, syr Edwarde
Echyngham, the Lorde ClyfFord, the lorde Conyers, the
lorde Latymer, the Lorde Scrope of Upsale, the lorde Egle,
the lorde Lomley, syr William Bulmer with the power of
the Bishoprycke of Durham, syr Wylliam Gascoyne, syr
Christopher Warde, syr Jhon Everyngham, syr Thomas
Metham, Syr Water Gryffith, and many other.

C Of the wynge on the righte hande of the forwarde, was
Capitayne syr Edmonde Hawarde knyght, Marshall of the
hoste, and with hym Bryan Tunstall, Raufe Brearton, Jhon
Laurence, Rycharde Bolde Esquyers, and syr Jhon Bothe,
Syr Thomas Butler Knyghtes, Rycharde Donne, Jhon Bygod,
Thomas Fitzwilliam, Jhon Claruys, Bryan Stapulton,
Robert warcoppe, Rychard Cholmeley, wyth the men of
Hull, and the Kynges tenauntes of Hatfelde and other.

•I Of the wyng of the left hande, was Capitayne syr
Marmaduke Constable wyth hys sonnes and kynnesmen, syr
William Percy, and of Lancashere, a thousand men.

C Of the rerewarde was Capitayne the Earle of Surrey
hym selfe, and wyth hym the Lorde Scrope of Bolton, Syr
Philippe Tylney, syr George Darce, syr Thomas Barkebey,
syr Jhon RoclifFe, syr Christopher Pykerynge, Rycharde
Tempest, syr Jhon Stanley wyth the Bysshoppe of Elyes
servauntes, Syr Bryan Stapulton, Lyonell Percy, wyth the
Abbot of Whitbycs tenauntes, Christopher Clapham, syr
William Gascoing the younger, syr Guy Dawney, Maister
Magnus, Mayster Dalbyes servauntes, syr Jhon Normavyle,
the citizens of Yorke, syr Nynyan Markanvyle, syr Jhon
Wylloghby wyth other.

C Of the wyng on the right hande was capitayne the
lord Dacres with his power.

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C On the lefte hande wynge was syr Edwarde Stanley
knyght, with the residue of the power of the countye
Palantyne and of Lancaster.

And when all men were appoynted and knewe what too
do, the earle and hys counsayll concluded and determined
emonge other thynges to sende Rouge Crosse, pursivaunt of
armes with a trompet to the kynge of Scottes, wyth certayne
instruccions, signed by the sayd erle, conteynynge woorde
by woorde as foloweth.

Fyrste where there hath bene suyte made to the kynge of
Scottes by Elyzabeth Heron, wyfe to Wylliam Heron of
Forde, now prysoner in Scotlande, for castynge doune of
the house or CasteU of Forde, and as the sayde Elizabeth
reporteth uppon communicacion had, the sayde kynge hath
promysed and condiscended to the sayde Elizabeth, that yf
she any tyme before none, the fift daye of September,
woulde brynge and deliver unto hym the Lorde Johnstowne,
and Alexander Hume, then prysonerrs that time in England,
he then is contented an agreed that the sayde house or
CasteU shall standc wythout castynge doune, brennynge or
spoylynge the same : Whereunto the sayde Earle is content
with that, uppon this condicion, that yf the sayde kynge
wyll promytte the assuraunce of the sayde Castell, in maner
and forme aforesayde under hys seale, to deliver the sayde
Lorde of Jhonstowne and Alexander Hume, immediately
uppon the same assuraunce. And in case the sayde kynge
can and wyll be content to delyver the sayd Heron out of
Scotlande, then the sayde Earle shal cause to be delivered to
the sayde kynge the two gentelmen and two other, syr
George Hume and William Carre.

Farther the sayde Earle woU that you Rouge Crosse,
shewe the sayde kyng, that where he contrary to his othe
and league, and unnaturally agaynste all reason and con-
science, hathe entred and invaded this hys brothers realme
of Englande, and done great hurte to the same, in castynge
doune Castelles, Towres, and houses, brenninge, spoylynge
and destroiynge of the same, and cruelly murderynge the
Kynge of Englande hys brothers subjectes. Wherefore the
sayde Earle wyll be readye to trye the rightfulnes of the
matter wyth the Kynge in battaill by Frydaye next com-
mynge at the farthest, yf he of hys noble courage wyll geve
hym tarienge, and abode, within this the Kynges Realme so

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longe tyme : And the same the sayde Earle promiseth, as
he is true knyghte to God and the Kynge of England hys
Mayster. And before Rouge Crosse shoulde departe wyth
the sayde instruccions, the sayde Lorde Admyrall gave hym
in credence too shewe the sayde Kynge of hys commynge,
and parte of his compaignye on the sea wyth hym : and
that he hadde foughte the Scottyshe Navye, then beynge on
the sea, but he coulde not mete with theym, because they
were fledde into Fraunce, by the coste of Irelande.

And in asmuche as the sayde Kynge hadde diverse and
many tymes caused the sayde Lorde, too be called at dayes
of true, to make redresse for Andrew Barton, a Pirate of
the sea, longe before that vanquyshed by the same Lorde
Admyrall, he was nowe come in hys awne proper persone
too be in the Vauntgarde of the felde to Justifye the deathe
of the sayde Andrewe, agaynste hym and all hys people, and
woulde se what coulde be layed to hys charge the sayde
daye, and that he nor none of hys compaignye shovdde take
no Scottshe noble man prysoner, nor any other, but they
shoulde dye yf they came in hys daunger, oneles it were the
kynges awne persone, -for he sayde he trusted to none other
curtesye at the handes of the Scottes.

And in thys maner he shoulde fynde hym in the Vaunt-
garde of the felde by the grace of GOD and sayncte George
as he was a trew Knyghte. Yet before the departynge of
Rouge Crosse wyth the sayd instruccions and credence, it
was thoughte by the Earle and hys counsayll, that the sayde
kynge woulde fayne and Imagen some other message, too
sende an Heraulde of hys wyth the same, onely to View,
and over se the maner and order of the Kynges royall
armye, ordinaunce, and artillerie, then beynge wyth the
Earle, wherby myghte have ensued greate daungier to
the same, and for exchuynge thereof, he hadde in com-
maundemente, that yf any such message were sente, not to
bryng any person, commynge therewith, within three or
two myle of the felde at the nyghest, where the sayde Earle
woulde come, and heare what he would saye : And thus
departed Rouge Crosse wyth hys trumpet apparayled in his
Cote of armes.

On Mondaye the fyfte daye of September, the Earle
tooke hys felde at Bolton in Glendall as he had appoyncted,
where all the noble men and Gentelmen met wyth their

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retynewes too the number of six and twenty thousande men,
and aboute mydnighte nexte ensuyng, came the trompette,
whyche went wyth Rouge Crosse, and declared howe the
Kynge of Scottes, after the message done to hym by Rouge
Crosse accordynge too hys instruccions, the sayde Kynge
detayned hym, and sent one Hay a Harauld of hys wyth
hym unto the Earle, to declare too hym the sayde Kynges
pleasure, too whome the Earle sente Yorke Heraulde at
armes, to accompaignye the sayde Hay, at a Village called
Mylo, twoo myles from the felde, untyll the commyng
thether of the sayde Earle the next morow.

The sixte daye of September, early in the mornynge, the
Earle accompaignied with the mooste parte of the Lordes,
Knyghtes and Gentelmen of the felde, every man havynge
with hym but one man to holde hys horsse, and so the
sayde Heraulde met wyth the Earle, and with blunt re-
verence declared to him that he was come from hys Master
the Kyng of Scottes, whyche woulde knowe, whyther the
Earle sente anye suche message by Rouge Crosse, the Earle
justified the same, saiynge farther, that Rouge Crosse hadde
the same message of hym in writynge signed wyth hys awne
hande, whereunto the sayde Hay sayde, as touchynge the
savynge from brennynge or destroiynge, and castynge
doune of the CasteU of Forde, for the deliveraunce of the
sayd prisoners. The Kynge his Mayster woulde therto
make no aunswer. But as too the abydynge for battayll
betwene that and Frydaye, then nexte folowynge, the
Kyng his Master badde hym shewe to the Earle, that he
was as welcome as any noble manne of England unto the
same kynge, and that yf he had bene at home in his Towne
of Edenborough, there receyvyng suche a message from the
sayd Erie, he woulde gladlye have come and fulfylled the
sayde Earles desyre : and the Heraulde assured the Earle
on the Kynge his Maisters behalfe, that the same kynge
woulde abyde hym battayll at the daye prefixed, whereof
the sayde Earle was righte joyous and muche praysed the
honourable agrement of the sayde Royall Kynge and estemed
the same to precede of an hygh and noble courage, pro-
mysynge the Heraulde that he and good suerty wyth hym
shoulde be bounde in ten thousande pounde sterlynge, too
kepe the sayde daye appoynted, so that the kyng woulde
fynde an earle of his, and thereto a good suerty with him

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to be bounde in lyke summe, for the performans of the
same : And farthermore the Earle bad the Heraulde for to
saye to his maister, that yf he for his parte kept not hys
appoyntmente, then he was content, that the Scottes shoulde
BaffUll hym, which is a great reproche amonge the Scottes,
and is used when a man is openly perjured, and then they
make of hym an Image paynted reversed, with hys heles
upwarde, with hys name, wonderynge, cryenge and blowinge
out of hym with homes, in the moost dispitefuU maner they
can. In token that he is worthy to be exiled the compaignie
of all good Creatures.

Then Hay delivered too the Earle a littell Cedule, wrytten
with the kynges Secretaries hande unsigned, the tenor
wherof foloweth.

C ' As to the causes alleged of oure commynge into Eng-
' lande agayne oure bande and promyse (as is alleged) there-
' to we aunswere, ower brother was bounde also farre to us as
' we to hym. And when we sware laste before hys Ambassade,
' in presence of oure counsayll, we expressed specially in oure
' othe, that we woulde kepe to oure brother, yf oure brother
' kepte to us, and nat elles, we sweare oure brother brake
' fyrste to us, and sythe hys breke, we have requyred dyverse
' tymes hym too amend, and lately we warned oure brother as
' he dyd not us or he brake, and thys we take for oure quarell,
' and with Goddes grace shall defende the same at youre
' affixed tyme, whyche with Goddes grace we shall abyde.'

And for asmuche as the sayde Kynge kepte styll Rouge
Crosse wyth hym, who was not yet returned, the same Earle
caused the sayde Hay too be in the kepynge of Syr Humfrey
Lysle and Yorke Heraulde, in the same Vyllage, untyll the
tyme that a servaunte of the sayde Hay myghte ryde in all
haste too the Royall Kynge of Scottes, for the deliveryng
of the sayde Rouge Crosse. Then the erle Joyous of the
kynges aunswer, returned to hys campe, and set forward
fyve myle, too a place called WoUer Hawgh, in suche order
of battayU, as even then he should have fought, and there
lodged for that nighte, three littell myles from the kynge
of Scottes, and betwene the kynge and hym was a goodly
and large corne felde, called Mylfelde whyche was a con-
venient and fayre grounde for twoo hostes to fight on, there
every hoste myghte perceyve other.

The morowe beynge Wednesdaye, the vii. daye of that

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moneth, the Kynge of Scottes caused hys greate ordinaunce
too be shotte at the Englishe armye, but it hurte neither
man nor beaste. When the kynge of Scottes sawe that Hay
was deteyned, he sent away Rouge Crosse to the Erie, by
whome, and other of the borders he was advertised that the
kynge laye uppon the syde of a hyghe mountayne, called
Floddon on the edge of Chevyot, where was but one narowe
felde for any manne to ascende up the sayde hyll to hym,
and at the foote of the hyll laye all hys ordinaunce. On
the one syde of hys armye was a greate Marrishe, and
compassed wyth the hylles of Chevyot, so that he laye to
stronge too be approched of any syde : excepte the Englishe-
men woulde have temerariouslye ronne on hys ordinaunce,
whiche matter well considered by the Earle and hys Sonne,
and other of the counsayll there, they called too theim Rouge
Crosse, and sent hym the nexte daye to the Kynge of
Scottes, willinge hym too shewe the kynge, that the sayde
Earle, with dy verse of the Kynges nobles and subjectes
hadde avaunced them selfes too geve battayll to hys' grace,
trustynge that accordinge too his promise, he woulde avaunce
hym selfe and hys armye to joyne the battayll, whyche as yet
he hath not done. Wherefore he desyred the kynge that
he myghte have knowlege by noone that daye, whether he
of hys noble courage would discende the hyll, where he laye
and too geve battayll or not : and yf he saye that I shal not
knowe his entent, or wyll saye, that he will kepe the
ground : then shewe hym that he perceyveth well that that
place is no indifferent grounde for twoo armyes too fighte,
and therefor I wUl looke for no mo of his delayes. The
same daye beynge oure Ladye day the Nativite Rouge
Crosse departed to the Kynge of Scottes, whyche woulde not
heare hym speke, but sente one of hys servitours to heare
his message : Whiche servitour after he hadde disclosed the
same to the kynge, made aunswer, that it besemed not an
Earle, after that maner to handle a kynge, and that he
woulde use no forcery, nor had no truste of any grounde :

You have harde before, howe Hay the Scottishe Heraulde
was returned for Rouge Crosse, and as sone as Rouge Crosse
was returned, he was discharged, but he taryed with Yorke
an Englishe Heraulde makynge good chere, and was not
returned that mornynge that Rouge Crosse came on hys
message, wherefore Rouge Crosse and hys Trompet were

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detayned by the servante of Hay, whyche the daye before
went for Rouge Crosse, assurynge them that yf Ilaye came
not home before none, that he was not livynge, and then
they shoulde have their heddes stryken of, then Rouge
Crosse offered that hys servaunte shoulde goe for Hay, but
it woulde not be excepted, but as happe was, Hay came
home before none, and shewed of hys gentell enterteynynge,
and then Rouge Crosse was delivered, and came to the
Englishe armye, and made reporte as you have hearde.

Then the Englishemen removed their felde on the water
of Tyll, and so forthe over many hylles and streytes,
marchynge towarde the Scottes on another syde, and in
their sight the Scottes burned certayne poore Vyllages on the
other syde of the Marishe.

The Englishemen, alwayes leavynge the Scottishe armye
on the left hande, toke their felde under a wood syde, called
Barmer wood, two myle from the Scottes, and betwene the
two armyes was the Ryver of Tyll, and there was a littell
hyU that saved the Englishemen from the gonne shotte,
on which hyll the lorde Admyrall perfightly saw and dis-
covered them all.

In the evenynge of the same daye it was concluded
betwene the Earle and hys counsayU, and moste parte of
the armye thereto agreed, that the , Vauntgarde with the
ordinaunce shoulde passe over agayne the water of Tyll, at
a bridge called Twysell bridge the. ix. daye of September,
and the rerewarde to passe over at IVIylforde, puttynge
theymselfes as nye as they coulde betwene the Scottes and
Scotlande, and so to geve battayll to the Scottes on the hyll,
called Floddon hyll. Frydaye the sayde nynth daye, the
Lorde Admyrall, lyke a valiaunte Knyghte, passed over
Twysell brydge wyth the Vantgarde, marchynge towarde
hys enemyes, lyke diligence was made by the Earle for
passynge over at Mylfforde wyth the rerewarde, saiynge to
hys Capytaines, now good fellowes, do lyke Englishemen
this daye, take my parte lyke men, whyche parte is the
Kynges parte, and I wyste you woulde not, I wyll in my
awne person fighte with the Kynge of Scottes, rather to dye
honourablye by his crueltye, then to lyve in shame, or that
any reproche shoulde be layed to me hereafter.

To whome they aunswered, that they woulde serve the
Kynge and him truely that daye. The Englishe armye

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that daye hadde no vitayle and were fastynge, and two dayes
afore they had onely dronke water, and coulde scace get
anye other sustenaunce for money, and yet they kept array
on horsebacke from fyve of the clocke in the mornynge tyll
foure of the clocke at after none, and were alwayes in the
sighte of the Scottes.

The Kynge of Scottes perceyvinge the Englishemen,
marchinge towarde Scotlande, thought that they woulde
have entered into Scotlande, and burne and forray the
plentifuU countray, called the Marche, for so was he made
beleve by an Englisheman named Gyles Musgrave whyche
was familiar wyth the Kyng of Scottes, and dyd it for a
poUecie to cause hym to come doune from the hyU : Where-
fore the sayde Kynge caused hys tentes to be removed to an
other hyll in grate haste, least the Englishemen shoulde
have taken the same hyll : And at theyr departynge they
sette fyer on theyr litter and other fylthye ordure, accord-
ynge to theyr custome, and of the fyer and smolder dyd
ryse suche a smooke so thicke and so darke, that the one
host coulde not perceyve the other, for the wynde dyd
dryve the smoke betwene the twoo armyes, the Scottes ever
kepynge the heyght of the hyll on the edge of the chevyot,
and the Englishemen passed forward styll in the lowe
grounde, and ever in the covert of the smoke, in so muche
that bothe the hostes were very nere together, within the
space of a quarter of a myle, before one of them coulde
perceyve another for the smoke. Then, when the Englishe-
men had passed a lyttell brooke, called Sandyfforde, whyche
is but a mans step over, and that the smoke was passed, and
the Ayre fayre and cleare, eche army myghte playnly see
one an other at hande. Then the Lorde Admyrall per-
cey ved foure great battayles of the Scottes all on foote wyth
longe speres lyke moorishe pykes : whyche Scottes furnished
them warlike, and bent theim to the forwarde, whyche was
conducted by the Lorde Admirall, whyche perceyvynge that,
sent to hys Father the Earle of Surrey hys Agnus del that
honge at hys breste that in all hast he woiild joyne battayll,
even wyth the bront or breste of the vantgarde : for the
forward alone was not able to encountre the whole battayll
of the Scottes, the Earle perceyvynge well the saiynge of
hys Sonne, and seynge the Scottes ready to discende the hyll
avaunsed hym selfe and hys people forwarde, and brought

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theym egall in grounde wyth the forwarde on the left hande,
even at the bront or breste of the same at the foote of the
hyll called Bramston, the Englishe army stretched East and
West, and their backes Northe, and the Scottes in the
Southe before theim on the forsayde hyll called Bramston.

Then oute brast the ordinaunce on bothe sydes wyth fyre
flamme and hydeous noyse, and the Master gonner of the
Englishe parte slew the Master gonner of Scotlande, and
bet all hys men from their ordinaunce, so that the Scottishe
ordynaunce dyd no harme too the Englishemen, but the
Englishemens Artyllerie shotte into the myddes of the
Kynges battayll, and slewe many persones, which seynge the
kyng of Scottes and hys noble men, made the more haste
too come too joynynge, and so all the foure battayles in
maner discended the hyll at once. And after that the shotte
was done, whiche they defended wyth Pavishes, thei came to
handestrokes, and were encontred severally as you shall here.

Fyrste on the Englyshe syde next the West, was Syr
Edmonde Hawarde knyghte, Marshall of the hoste chief
Capitayne of a wynge on the ryghte hande of oure vantgarde,
and was encountryd wyth the Chamberlayne of Scotlande
wyth hys battayle of sperys on foote, to the number of ten
thousande at the leaste, whiche foughte valiauntly, so that
they by force caused the litle wynge to flye, and the same
Syr Edmonde thre tymes feUed to the grounde, and left
alone, savynge his standarde berar, and twoo of hys ser-
vauntes, to whome came. Jhon Heron bastarde sore hurte,
saiynge there was never noble mans sone so lyke too be
loste as you be thys daye, for all my hurtes I shall here lyve
ande dye wyth you, and there the sayde Syr Edmonde
Hawarde was in a great daunger and jeopardy of hys lyfe,
and hardelye escaped, and yet as he was goynge to the bodye
of the Vantgarde he met with Davy Home, and slew hym
with hys awne hande, and so came to the Vantgard.

Secondely, Eastwarde from the sayde battayle was the
Lorde Admyrall wyth the Vantgarde, wyth whome encoun-
tred the Earles of CraiForde and Montroos, accompaygned,
wyth many Lordes, Knyghtes, and Gentelmen, all wyth
sperys on foote, but the Lorde Admyrall and hys compaignie
acquyted themselfes so well, and that with pure fightyng,
that thei brought to grounde a great number, and both the
Earles slayne.

Thirdely,

King Henry the VIII.

109

Thirdely, Eastwarde from the Lorde Admyrall was the
Earle of Surrey, Capitayne generall, to whose standarde the
kynge of Scottes in hys awne person marched, beynge
accompaygned wyth many BIshoppes, Earles, Barons,
Knyghtes and Gentelmen of the Realme with a great
number of commons, all chosen men with speres on foote,
whiche were the most assuredlyest harnesed that hath bene
sene, and that the tallest and goodlyest personages with all,
and they abode the most daungerous shot of arrowes, which
sore them noyed, and yet except it hit them in some bare
place it dyd them no hurt. After the shotte endyd, the
battayll was cruell, none spared other, and the kynge hym
self foughte valiauntly. O what a noble and triumphant
courage was thys for a kynge to fyghte in a battayl as a
meane souldief : But what avayled hys stronge harnes, the
puyssaunce of hys myghtye champions wyth whome he
descended the hyll, in whome he so muche trusted that
wyth hys stronge people and great number of men, he was
able as he thought to have vanquished that day the greatest
Prynce of the world, if he had ben there as the erle of
Surrey was, or els he thought to do such an hygh enterprice
hym selfe in his person, that shoulde surmount the enter-
prises of all other princes : but how soever it happened God
gave the stroke, and he was no more regarded then a poore
souldier, for al went one waye. So that of his owne battaill
none escaped, but syr William Scot knight his chauncelour,
and Syr Jhon forman knight, his serjaunt Porter, whiche
were taken prisoners, and wyth great difEcultie saved. This
may be a great myrror to al prynces, how that they adventer
them selfes in such a battaill.

Forthly, Eastwarde was Syr Edwarde Stanley knight,
capitayn of the left wynge wyth the sayde earle, whyche
clame up to the toppe of the hyll called Bramston, or the
Scottes wyste, and wyth hym encontred the earles of
Huntley, Lennoux and Argile, with a great number of
Scottes whyche were sore fought wyth all, whyche percey ving
the earle of Huntley toke a horse and saved hym selfe, yf he
had taryed he had bene lykely to have gone wyth hys com-
paignie : suche as fled, the sayde Syr Edwarde and his
people folowed them over the same grounde, where the
Earles battell firste joyned, and founde ther the Scottes,
whyche were by the Earles battaill slayne before, and sodainly

left

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left the chase and fell a spoyling, and spoyled the kynge of
Scottes, and many that were slayne in his battaill, but they
knew him not, and founde a Crosse and certayn thynges of
hys, by reason wherof some saide that he was slayne by that
wyng, whyche coulde not be true, for the prisoners of
Scotland testified that the kynges battayll fought onely with
the Earles battels, but for a truthe this wynge dyd very
valiauntly : wherfore it was thought that the sayd syr
Edwarde myght that daye not have bene missed.

All these iiii. battels, in maner fought at one tyme, and
were determined in effect, littell in distance of the beginnyng
and endynge of any of them one before the other, savyng
that syr Edward Stanley, which was the last that fought, for
he came up to the toppe of the hyll, and there fought with
the Scottes valiauntly, and chaced them doune the hyll over
that place, where the kynges battaill joyned. Besyde these
iiii. battayles of the Scottes were twoo other battayls, whyche
never came to hande strokes.

Thus through the power of God on Fridaye, beyng the
ix. daye of September, in the yere of our Lorde M. D. xiii.
was James the IIII. Kyng of Scottes slayn at Bramstone
(chiefly by the power of the earle of Surrey, lieutenaunt for
kynge Henry the VIII. kynge of Englande, whyche then lay
at the sege before Tornay) and wyth the sayde kynge were
slayne

The Archebishop of saynct
Androwes, the Kynges
bastard sonne.

The bishop of the lies.

The Abbot of InchafFrey.

The Abbot of Kylwenny.

The erle
The erle
The erle
The erle
The erle
The erle
The erle
The erle

Erles.

Mountroos.
of Cr afford,
of Arguyle.
of Lennoux.
of Glencarre.
of Katnes.
of Castelles.
of Bothwell.

The erle Arrell Constable

of Scotlande.
The erle Addill.
The erle Athell.
The erle Morton.

hordes.

The lord Lovet.

The lord Forbos.

The lord Lord Elveston.

The lord Roos.

The lord Inderby.

The lord Sentclere.

The lord Maxwell,

and hys iiii. brethren.
The lord Daunley.

The

King Henry the VIII.

Ill

The lord Seympill.
The lord Borthyck.
The lord Bogony.

The lord Arskyll.
The lord Blakkater.
The lord Cowyn.

Knyghtes and gentlemen.

Sir Jhon Dowglasse.
Cutbert Home lord of Fast-

castel.
Sir Alexander Seton.
Sir Davy Home.
Mayster Jhon Graunt.
Sir Dunkin Caufelde.
Sir Saunder Lowder.
Sir George Lowder.

Mayster Marshall.
Mayster Keye.
Mayster Eliot.
Mayster Cawel Clerck of

the chauncery.
The Deane of Elle-

ster.
Mack, Kene.
Mack, Clene, and manye

other gentlemen, whiche be unknowen, because no officer
of armes of Scotlande woulde come to make serche for them,
and yf the daye had bene lenger by thre houres (for it was
foure of the clocke at after none, or the battayles joyned)
or that the Englashemen had had vitayles, so that they
myght have bydden styll together, they had not alonelye
made the greatest dystresse of Scottes by death, and takynge,
that the lyke hath not bene sene in one daye : but also
wythin a litle while might have put the Realme of Scot-
lande in suche a misery and trouble, that for ever they
shoulde have bene ware how to enter the Realme of Eng-
lande, and specially the kynge, beynge absente : for the
Englyshemen wanted no good wyll, for of the Scottes they
slewe twelfe thousande at the leaste of the beste Gentlemen
and flower of Scotlande, and of the Englysh syde were
slayne and taken not xv. C. men, as it appered by the boke
of wages when the souldiours were payed. Thus the erle of
Surrey accomplyshed the promyse at hys daye prefyxed wyth
the kinge of Scottes to hys great fame and honour.

After that the felde was foughte and the Scottes fled
many Englyshemen folowed them into Scotlande, and were
so farre that they wiste not whiche waye to returne and
so were taken prysoners of the Scottes that were in the
ii. battailes that fled first and never fought. Also dyverse
were taken by the Lorde Chamberlayne of Scotlande, whiche
fought with the wyng of Sir Edmond Haward, and were
caried wyth hym to the nomber of syxtye. Of the Scottes

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tjiat fledde, some passed over the water of Twede at Caude-
streme Foorde, and other by the drye Marches, durynge the
tyme of the fyghte, and the nyghte after manye menne loste
their horsses and suche stoffe as they lefte in their tentes
and pavilions by the robbars of Tindale and Tividale.

The Lorde Dacre wyth hys company stode styl all daye
unfoughten with all. When the felde was done and the
skoute watche broughte woorde, that there was no more
apperaunce of the Scottes, but all were returned, the
Earle thanked God wyth humble harte, and called to hym
certaine Lordes and other gentlemen and them made
knightes, as Sir Edmonde Haward his sonne and the
Lorde Scrope, Sir William Percy and manye other. Then
the Earle and the Lorde Admirall departed to Barmer
wodde and appoincted Sir Philippe Tylney knighte with
the compaignye of the Lorde Admirall and the compaignie
of the Lorde Scrope of bolton, the Lorde Latymer, olde
Sir Marmaduke Constable, Sir William Percy, Sir Nicholas
Applyard, and their compaignies, and a fewe other to kepe
the place where the felde was for savynge of the Englyshe
ordinaunce, and the ordynaunce that was taken from the
Scottes, whiche was fyve great CurtaUes, twoo great
Culverynges, foure Sacres, and syxe Serpentynes as fayre
ordinaunce as hathe bene beside other small peces. Wei
knowen it was by them that fought, and also reported by the
prysoners of Scotlande, that their kynge was taken or slayne,
but hys bodye was not founde tyll the nexte daye, because
al the meane people aswell Scottes as Englysh were strypped
out of their apparell as they laye at the felde, yet at the laste
he was founde by the Lorde Dacres, who knewe hym well
by hys pryvye tookens in that same place, where the battayle
of the Earle of Surrey and hys, fyrste joyned together.

Thys kynge had diverse deadelye woundes, and in
especyall one wyth an Arowe, and another wyth a byU as
apered when he was naked. After that the bodye of the
kinge of Scottes was fownde and broughte too Barwicke,
the Earle shewed it too Sir William Scot hys Chaunceller,
and Sir Jhon Forman hys serjante porter, whyche knewe
hym at the fyrste syghte, and made greate lamentacyon.
Then was the bodye bowelled, enbawmed, and cered, and
secretelye amongest other stufFe conveyed to Newcastell,
but the same daye the Lorde Admirall came to the felde

and

King Henry the VIII.

113

and there some Scottes apered on an hyll : but William
Blackenall whyche was the chyefFe doar and ruler of all the
ordynaunce shott suche a peale, that the Scottes fledde, or
elles the Lorde Admiral] had bene in greate jeopardy e : and
then all the ordinaunce was broughte in savetye to the
Castell of Citel and there remayned for a tyme. After
thys noble vyctorye the Earle wrote fyrste to the Quene
whyche had raysed a great power to resiste the sayde kinge
of Scottes, of the wynnynge of the battaylle, for then the
bodie of the kynge of Scottes was not fownde, and she yet
beynge at the towne of Buckingham had woorde the next
daye after that the kynge of Scottes was slayne and a parte
of hys coate armure to her sente, for whiche vyctorye she
thanked GOD, and so the Earle after that the Northe parte
was sett in a quyetnes, returned to the Quene wyth the
deade bodye of the Scottyshe king and brought it to
Richemonde.

Nowe lette us returne too the kynge of Englande
lyenge before Tournay, whyche the xxv. daye of September
receyved the gauntelett and letters of the Earle of Surrey,
and knewe all the dealynge of bothe parties. Then he
thanked GOD and hyghlye praysed the Earle and the Lorde
Admirall and his sonne, and al the gentlemenne and com-
mons that were at that valiaunte enterprice : Howe beit,
the kynge had a secrete letter that the Cheshire men fledde
from Sir Edmond Hawarde, whyche letter caused greate
harte burning and manye woordes, but the kyng thankefuUy
accepted al thynge, and would no man to be dispraysed.
So, on the Mondaye at nyght the xxvi. daye of September,
the Lorde Harbart and the Earle of Shrewsbury made greate
fyers in their armies in tooken of vyctory and triumphe :
and on Teusdaye the xxvii. daye the tente of cloth of gold
was set up : and the kynges Chapell sange masse, and after
that Te Deum, and then the Byshoppe of Rochester made a
Sermonde and shewed the deathe of the kynge of Scottes,
and muche lamented the yll deathe and perjury of him.

The kynge of Englande lyenge thus before Tournay,
caused hys greate ordinaunce to be planted rounde aboute
the Cytye, and diverse trenches were caste and rampiers
made and the Lorde Lisle, and the Lorde Wyloughby were
appoyncted to maynteyne the ordinaunce, wyth their bendes,
and the Earle of Kente was lodged before the gate called

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port Valencien, so that the Cytezens coulde not yssue cute,
nor no ayde coulde come in. The ordynaunce dayly bet
the gates, towers and walles, whyche made a greate bat-
terye : and a fewe Englyshemen assaulted the port Coquerellj
but they were to fewe in nomber, and yf they had bene more
in nomber, they had taken the toune as the Tournosyns
confessed after. The Citezens of Tournay consyderynge
their estate, came together to counsayll, and there the
Provoste sayde, frendes and brethren of thys noble Citie,
I cannot to muche prayse youre trueth and fidelitie to youre
Sovereygne Lorde the Kyng of Fraunce, consyderynge
how manfully you have defended this citie sythe the
begynnynge of thys siege, but alas allthoughe it be wryten
on the gates graven in stone lammes ton ne a perdeu ton
pucellage, that is to saye, thou hast never loste thy mayden-
hed : yet yf this citye hadde not bene well furnyshed, and
ever at the daye appoyncted sure of reskewe, it coulde not
have continued : nowe you se that reskewe fayleth, our gates
be rased, our towres betyn downe, our chiefe tower lyke to
fall, so that yi thys perilous siege continue, or elles yf our
enemies assaute us, we be not able to defende us : wherefore
nowe, all these thynges consydered, I woulde knowe whyther
you wyll treate wyth the kynge of Englande or abide the
chaunce. Then they which at the last counsayll cried war,
warre, now cryed peace peace, yet al were not agreed : then one
wyseman saide : Sirs yf the towne bee assawted once agayne
with a greate nomber suerlye it will be taken : you sawe the
experience at the laste assaute, and then consyder yf it bee
taken by force, who is there that can saye, he is sure of his life :
But by entretie, the kinge of Englande is so merciful, that
we maye fortune to save bothe lyfe and goodes. Then finally
al agreed to treate. Then the Provost sent to the kinge a
trompet desirynge a saufeconduyte for hym, and certayne
other to come and to speake with hym, whyche requeste was
to hym graunted. Then the Provost of the citie accompanied
with eleven wyth hym of the beste of the citie came to the
armye and spake with the lordes of the counsayll and after
were broughte to the kynges presence, the Provoste kneled
doune and all hys compaginy and sayde : Ryght hyghe and
myghtye Prynce, althoughe the Citie of Tournay is stronge,
well walled, well replenished with people, vitayles, artilerye,
yea and the people in feare and dreade of nothinge, yet we

knowe

King Henry the VIII.

"5

knowe that againste youre great puissaunce yt cannot con-
tinue long, although it were ten times as stronge as it is,
wherefore we knowynge by reporte, youre honoure, your
wysedome, youre justice, and noble harte, are contente to
become youre subjectes and vassalles, so that we maye have
and enjoye oure olde lawes, customes, lyberties, and Fran-
chesses, under you as we have before thys done under other
Princes. Then the kynge aunswered, we have well hearde
youre peticion, we will common wyth our counsayll and
make you aunswere, and when he had communed wyth his
counsayll, he aunswered sayenge : Syrs, he that asketh
mercye of us, shall not be denied, seinge you come to
treate, we remitte you to oure counsayll. Then they wente
into the tente of counsayll, and ther the Tournasyns fell at
a poyncte, and in conclusion, they yelded the Cytye and
tenne thousande pounde Sterlynge for the redempcyon of
theyr lyberties, and so departed to the citie, makynge re-
lacyon of the Kynge, and hys noble corage. On Thursdaye
the xxix. daye of September, the kynge was in hys ryche
tente of clothe of golde under hys clothe of estate, to whome
came the Citezens of the Citie and were sworne to him and
became his subjectes. Then the kynge appoyncted the lord
Lysle, the Lorde of Burgayny, and the Lord Willoughby
to take possession, whiche wyth syxe thousande men entered
the citie and toke the market place and the walles, and
searched the howses for feare of treason, and then Mayster
Thomas Wolsey the kynges Almoner called before hym all
the Citizens younge and olde and sware them to the kynge
of Englande, the nomber whereof was foure skore thousande.
Thus the kynge of Englande by conquest came to the pos-
session of the citie of Tournay : on Sondaye the ii. daye of
October the kinge entered the citie of Tournay at porte
Fountayn, and iiii. of the chiefe of the citie over him bare a
cannapye wyth all the armes of Englande, every person was
in hys beste apparell, the Ladies and Gentlewomen laye in
the wyndowes beholdinge the kinge and his nobilitie, everye
Citezen had in his hande a staf torche, the kynge hym selfe
was richelye appereillcd in ryche armure on a barded courser,
his henxmeri bearynge his peces of warre, as are, spere and
other, their coursers were barded with the armes of Eng-
lande, Fraunce, Irelande, and other the kinges dominions
all of ryche embrawdery, thus the kinge with his nobilitie

al

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al rychely apparelled with his swerde borne before him,
his herauldes and serj antes of armes with trumpettes
and mynstrelsy entered the citie and came to oure Ladye
Churche, and there 'Te Deum was songe.' Then the kinge
called to his presence, Edwarde Guldeforde, William
Fitzwilliam, Jhon Dauncye, William Tiler, Jhon Sharpe,
William Huse, Jhon Savage, Christopher Garnishe, and
diverse other valiant esquiers, and gave to them the order
of knighthode, and then went to his lodgynge, and at after
none he came to the market place, where was prepared for
him a place : then he caused a proclamacion to bee made
in his name king of England and of Fraunce, that no man
shoulde greve the citizens, during which proclamacion the
Turnesins scace loked up nor shewed once to him any
amiable contenaunce which was much marked, the Cry
finished, the king departed to hys campe levynge the citie
in safe kepynge. This weke the kinge rode to see the
castel of Morton, and there his grace toke great pleasur.
The king remembring the great chere that the prince of
Castel and the lady Margarete had made him at Lisle which
was but xii. myle English from Tornay, desired the said
prince and lady wyth diverse other to come to him to his
citie of Tornay, and made preparacion for the same, and
appointed a justes wherof he him selfe would be one, and.
caused a Tilt to be made in the Market place. While
these thinges were preparyng, the king and his counsayll
ordered for the sure keping of the citie of Tornay, and
there ordeyned Sir Edward Powninges knight of the order
of the gartier to be his Lieutenaunt with iiii. C. archers, with
capitaynes horsemen and artilerie convenient, and to have
aide of Henawde and other the kynges frendes adjoyning,
and of his garde he left there iiii. C. archers, and ordinaunce
was appoincted for the defence of the same. Monday the
xi. day of October the king wythout the toune received the
prince of castel, the lady Margaret and diverse other nobles
of their countreyes and them brought into Tornay with great
triumph^. The noyse wente that the lord Lisle made re-
quest of mariage to the lady Margarete duches of Savoy and
doughter to Themperour Maximilian, which before that
tyme was departed from the kyng wyth many rich gyftes
and money borowed, but whether he profered mariage
or not she favored him highly : there the prince and

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King Henry the VIII.

17

duches sojorned with great solace by the space of x. dayes.
During whiche time, the xviii. daye of October, began the
justes, the king and the lord Lisle aunswered all commers :
uppon the king attended xxiiii. knightes on foote in cootes
of purple velvet and cloth of golde. A tent of cloth of
gold was set in the place for the armorie and releve, the
king had a base and a trapper of purple velvet bothe set ful
of S.S. of fyne bullion, and the lord Lisle in the same suyt,
ther were manysperes broken and many a good buffet geven,
the strangers as the lord Walon and the lord Emery and other
dyd right well. When the justes were done, the king and
al the other unhelmed them and rode about the Tilt and
did great reverence to the ladies, and then the herauldes
cried to lodginge.

This nyght the kinge made a sumpteous banket of a
C. dyshes to the prince of Castell and the lady Margarete
and to all other lordes and ladies, and after the banket, the
ladies daunsed, and then came in the king and a xi. in a
maske, al richely appareled with bonettes of golde, and
when they had passed the tyme at their pleasure, the gar-
mentes of the maske were cast of amongest the ladies, take
who coulde take.

The XX. daye of October, the Prince of Castel and the
ladye Margarete with many great giftes to them geven
returned to Lile wyth al their trayne. After that the king
was enformed that all direccyons wer taken and every thing
put in an order for the sure keping of the citie of Tornay,
he toke the same to sir Edward Powninges knight, which
valiantly kept it in good order and justice.

The king and his counsail before this had considered
that the Frenchmen would geve them no battail, and that
winter approched, which was no time to lie at siege of other
townes, concluded to kepe Tournay savely, and to breake up
their campe for that winter, and to begin again war in the
spring of the yere : this was a full conclusion taken by the
kynge and his counsayll, and so the kinge and al hys people
(excepte suche as were appoincted to be with sir Edward
Powninges) departed out of Tournay the xx. daye of
September : and the king and the noble men made such
spede, that shortly they came to Caleys, and thyther came
the Lorde Admirall whome the king hartely thanked of hys
paynes and there every man was paied of his wages and

conduit

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The discrip-
tion of
Thomas
Wolsy, which
afterwarde
was made
Cardinall.

conduit money, and shippes prepared for the passage, and
so the xxiiii. day of September the kyng with a privy com-
pany toke shippe and the same day landed at Dover and
shortly after all his people folowed, then he with a small
companye rode to Richemond in post to the quene, where
was such a lovinge metyng, that every creature rejoised.
This season began a great mortalite in London and other
places wher much people died : Al this winter the kynges
navy kept the seas and robbed and spoyled the Frenchmen
on their costes.

When the kynge was thus returned, he forgat not the
good service that many a gentleman dyd at the battayll at
Bramston, wherefore he wrote to them hys lovinge letters
wyth suche thankes and favorable wordes that everye man
thought him selfe wel rewarded. And on the day of the
purificacion of our Lady at Lambeth the kynge created the
Earle of Surrey duke of NorfFoIke with an augmentacion
of the armes of Scotlande, and Sir Charles Brandon Vicont
Lisle, he created duke of Suffolke, and the Lord Haward
high Admiral he created Earle of Surrey, and Sir Charles
Somerset lord Harbert, his chief Chamberlayne he created
Earle of Worcester : and after that at another daye he made
Sir Edwarde Stanley for his good service, lorde Montaygle,
and in a march folowynge was maister Thomas Wolsey the
kinges almoner consecrate bishop of Lincolne, whiche therto
was named on Newers daye before : This man was borne at
Ypswhyche and was a good Philosopher, verye eloquente
and full of wytte, but for pride, covetous, and ambicion, he
excelled al other as you shall hear after.

In the tyme of Kinge Henry tne seventh father to kynge
Henrye the eighte it was concluded betwene the sayde kinge,
and kinge Phylyppe of Castel sonne to Maximilian the
Emperour and kynge of Castell and hys wife, that Charles
his eldest sonne shoulde marye the ladye Mary doughter to
the kynge of Englande wyth a dowrye to her appoyncted,
at whiche tyme they were bothe younge : Nowe at the kinges
retourne from Tournay he made a preparacion too sende the
sayde Ladye his sister to the Prince of Castel. But the
counsayll of Flaunders aunswered that concerninge her selfe
they would gladdly receyve to be espowsed to their Prynce,
for she was then one of the fayrest Ladyes of the worlde :
but as concerninge the artycles of her dowar,tthey coulde not

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King Henry the VIII.

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fulfill wythout thassente of the kynge of Arragon and the
realme of Castell (whyche was sayde, mynded to have hym
maryed in Spayne.) The kynge lyke a lovynge brother
woulde not sende his syster wyldely wythoute a dowar
assured, toke the firste agremente betwene the kynge her
father and kynge Philippe hys father to bee of none efFecte,
sythe the Spaniardes would not conferme the same, and the
cause was, by reason that kinge Phylyppe was not naturallye
borne to bee theyr kynge, but was kynge in the ryghte of
hys wyfe, and so they were not bounde too hys agreementes
made wythoute their consente. So thus the kynge of Eng-
lande reteyned stil hys syster and all the preparacyon that
he hadde done for her conveyaunce, whiche was very costlye.

This season the lady Margaret quene of Scottes late wife
to king James the IIII. slayne at Bramston, und sister to the
kyng, wrote to the kynge to have compassion of her and his
two Nephewes her sonnes, for she was in feare lest he woulde
have invaded her realme. The king moved with brotherly
compassion, sent her word, that yf the Scottes kept peace he
would kepe peace, yf they woulde have war he wold like-
wise have war, and so with that answere the messenger
departed. In the spring tyme of the yere the kyng wrote
hys letters to all noble men and gentlemen that he woulde
shortly passe agayne into Fraunce in hys owne person, wher-
fore every man prepared him self mete for that jornay :
the Flemminges hearing therof, made purviaunce for wagons,
vitayl and other thynges, whiche turned them to great losse
for that viage brake of, as you shall heare.

All this season Sir Richard Whethil and sir Jhon Tremayle
kept so Thenglishe pale that the Frenchmen durst not
medyll, and yet they spoyled to base Bollen.

Before this tyme the tounes about London as Islyngton,
Hoxston, Shordysh and other, had so enclosed the comon
feldes with hedges and diches, that nother the young men
of the citie myght shote, nor the auncient persons might
walke for their pleasur in the feldes, except either the bowes
and arrowes were broken or taken away, or the honest
and substancial persons arrested or indited, saieng that no
Londoner shuld go out of the citie but in the hygh wayes.
Thys sayeng sore greved the Londeners, and sodainly this
yere a great nomber of the citie assembled them selfes in
a morninge, and a turnar in a fooles coote came cryenge

through

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through the cytye, shovels and spades, and so manye people
folowed that it was wonder, and within a short space all the
hedges about the townes were cast doune, and the diches
filled, and every thyng made plain the workemen were so
diligent. The kinges counsayll hearyng of this assembly
came to the Gray Friers, and sent for the mayre and the
counsail of the cytye to knowe the cause, whiche declared
to them the noysance done to the Citezens, and their com-
modities and liberties taken from them though they would
not yet the comraonaltie and younge persones, whyche were
dampnefyed by the noisaunce would pluck up and remedy
the same. And when the kinges counsayll had harde the
aunswer, they dissimuled the matter, and commaunded the
mayer to se that no other thynge were attempted, and to
call home the citezens, which when they had done their
enterprice, came home before the kynges counsayll and the
Mayre departed without any harme more doing, and so after,
the feldes were never hedged.

THE VI. YERE.

IN the moneth of Maye the kyng and the newe Duke of
SufFolke wer defenders at the Tilt against al commers
the kynge was in a scopelary mantel and hat of clothe
of silver and like a whit hermite, and the duke appareled
like a black hermite al of black velvet, both their berdes
wer of Damaske silver, and when they had ridden about the
Tilt and shewed them seles to the quene, then they threw
of their apparel and sent it to the ladies for a larges, then
was the king in black, and the Duke in whit with black
staves, on the staves was wrytten with whit letters : who can
hold that wyl away : thys poyse was judged to be made for
the Duke of Suffolke and the Duches of Savoy, at these
justes were the duke of Longevyle and the Lorde Cleremond,
and there the kinge and the Duke dyd so valiantly that they
obteyned the price, at these justes wer broken C. xiiii. speres
in a short season.

The kinge at this season sent agayne into Flaunders for
the performaunce of the mariage of the younge Prince of
Castell and the fayre Ladye Mary his sister, and shewed
howe he had prepared al thynges necessarie and convenient

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for suche an high estate. The counsail of Flaunders aun-
swered that they woulde not receive her that yere, with
many subtill argumentes, by reason wherof the perfite love
betwene Englande, and the low countreys was much
slaked.

The xix. day of May was receyved into London a Capp
of maintenaunce and a swerde sent from Pope July, with a
great compaigny of nobles and gentlemen, which was pre-
sented to the kyng on the Sondaye then nexte ensuynge
wyth great solempnitie in the Cathedrall Churche of sainct
Paule. About this time, the warres yet contynuing betwene
Englande and Fraunce, prior Jhon (of whom you have
hard before in the fourth yere) great capitayne of the
Frenche navye, wyth his Galeyes and Foystes charged wyth
greate basylyskes and other greate artiUerie came on the
border of Sussex, and came a lande in the night at a poore
village in Sussex called Bright Helmston, and or the watche
coulde him escrye he sett fier in the toune and tooke such
poore goodes as he founde : then the watche fiered the
bekins, and people began to gather, whiche seinge Prior Jhon
Sowned his trompet to call his men aborde, and by that
tyme it was day : then syx archers whiche kepte the watche
folowed Prior Jhon to the sea and shott so faste, that they
bet the galymen from the shore and Prior Jhon hym selfe
waded to his Foyst, and the Englishe men went into the
water after, but they were put backe wyth pickes or ells
they had entered the foyst, but they shott so fast, that they
wounded many in the foist, and Prior Jhon was shott in
the face with an Arrow, and was likely to have died, and
therfore he offered his image of wax before our Lady at
BoUeyn with the English arrow in the face for a myracle.

When the lorde AdmiraU of Englande had hearde these
newes he was not content and sent sir Jhon Wallop to the
sea incontinent wyth diverse English shippes, which sayled
to the cost of Normandy and there landed and brent xxi.
villages and tounes with great slaughter of people, and brent
shippes and boates in the havens of Treaport, stapels and in
every place. This sir Jhon Wallopp quit hym selfe so, that
men marveled of his entreprises, consideryng he had at the
most but viii. C. men, and toke lande there so often.

In the moneth of June the lord Powntremy that was
capitayn of Tyrwyn with banner displayed and greate ordi-

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naunce, with a greate army came into Picardy nere to Arde.
Sir Nicholas Vaux captain of Guysnes considering that the
Frenchmen had such ordinaunce, thought that they would
have besieged Guisnes, and wrote therof to the king, which
incontinent provided a great army for the reskewe. And
when every thynge was ready and the army forward, the
lord Pountremy reised his campe, and departed without anye
more doing, but for all that the king sent over sir Thomas
Lovell knight wyth vi. C. men to Caleys for the more
strength of that towne and other townes and castelles beyng
within the Englysh pale and the marches there.

The French king this yere appoincted to. Richard de la
Pole traitor of England and banished the realme xii. M.
lanceknightes to kepe Normandy, and also to entre into
England and to conquere the same, where they made suche
a Riot that many of them were slayn and he was faine to
cary them to sainct Malos in Britaigne to take shippe : for
the Frenchmen would fayne have bene rydde of them, they
cared not how, their condicions were so vyle and shameful,
but by the reason that the French kyng suyd for peace, this
journey toke no effect.

The French king by an herauld wrote to the king of
England, that he marveiled greately why he made him so
sore war, and brent and toke his townes, slewe and robbed
hys people withoute anycause geven on his parte, wherfore
he required the king to graunt saveconduit to his ambas-
sadoures, whiche shoulde entreate the cause : wherupon in
June the French king sent a commission with the president
of Roan and the generall boyer and certayne other nobles of
Fraunce to entreat peace and alliaunce betwene both the
princes : and farther, because that they knew that the mariage
was broken betwene the prince of Castel and the lady Mary
(as you have heard) thei desiered the said lady to be espoused
to the French king, affirming a great dower and suertes for
the same with great treasures : so much was offered that the
king moved by his counsail, and specially by the bishop of
Lincolne Wolsey, consented upon condicion that yf the saide
French king Loys died, then she should yf it pleased her
retorne into England again with al her dowar and riches :
after this entretie, the indentures were sealed and the peace
proclaimed the vii. daye of August and the king in presence
of the French ambassadours sworn to kepe the same, and

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likewise ther was sent an Ambassade out of Englande to se
the French kynge swere the same.

The Dutchmen hering these newes were sory, and repented
them that they received not the lady, and spake shamfuUy
of this mariage, that a feble, old and pocky man should
mary so fayr a lady, but the voys of people let not princes
purposes.

By the conclusion of this peace was the duke of Longvile
and other prisoners delivered, payeng their raunsom, and the
saied Duke affied the lady Mary in the name of kyng Lewes
his maister. This Duke was highly interteined in England
of many noble men and had great chere, but when they came
into Fraunce with the queue he would scace know them.
Then when al thinges were redy for the conveyaunce of
this noble Ladye, the kyng her brother in the moneth of
September with the quene his wife and his sayde sister and
al the court came to Dover and there taried, for the wynde
was troublous and the wether foule, in so muche that a
shippe of the kings called the Libeck of xi. C. tonne was
driven a shore before Sangate and there brast and of vi. C.
men scantely escaped iii. C. and yet the most part of them
were hurt with the wrecke. When the wether was fayre,
then all her wardrope, stable and riches was shipped, and
suche as were appoincted to geve their attendaunce on her,
as the duke of Norffolke, the Marques Dorset, the Byshop
of Durham, the earle of Surrey, the lorde Delawar, the
lorde Barnes, the lord Montaigle, the Marques iiii. brother,
sir Morice Barkeley, sir Jhon Peche, sir William Sandes,
sir Thomas Bulleyn, sir Jhon Car and many other knightes,
squiers, gentlemen and ladies, al these went to ship, and the
sayde lady toke her leave of the quene in the castell of
Dover, and the king brought her to the sea syde, and kissed
her and betoke her to God and the fortune of the sea, and
to the governaunce of the French king her husbande. Thus
the ii, daye of October at the hower of foure of the clocke in
the mornynge this fayre ladye toke her ship with al her
noble compaignie : and when they had sayled a quarter of
the sea, the wynde rose and severed some of the shippes to
Caleys, and some into Flaunders and her shippe with greate
difficultie was brought to Bulleyn, and with great jeopardie
at the entring of the haven, for the mayster ran the ship hard
on shore, but the botes were redy and received this noble

lady.

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lady, and at the landynge sir Christopher Garnyshe stode in
the water and toke her in his armes, and so caried her to
land, where the Duke of Vandosme and a Cardinall wyth
many estates received her, and al her ladies, and welcommed
all the noble men into that countrey and so the Quene and
al her trayne came to BuUeyn, and there rested and from
thence she removed by diverse lodgynges tyll she came
all most within thre mile of Abvile besyde the forrest of
Arders, and there kynge Loyes uppon a great courser met
with her, and she would have alyghted but he woulde not
sufFre her, and welcommed her to his countrey, and when he
had sene her beauty (which he so long desired) and talked
with her a litle space, then he returned to Abvile by a secret
way and she was with great triumph, procession and pagiantes
received into the toune of Abvile, the viii. day of October
by the Dolphin, which receyved her with gret honor, she
was apparelled in cloth of silver, her horse was trapped in
goldsmyths work very rychly. After her folowed xxxvi.
ladies, al their palfreys trapped with crymsyn velvet,
embraudered : after them folowed one chariot of clothe
of tyssue, the seconde clothe of golde and the third
Crimsyn velvet embrawdered with the kings armes and
hers full of roses. After them folowed a great nomber
of archers, and then wagons laden with their stufFe. Great
was the ryches in plate, juels, money apparel, and hang-
inges that this lady brought into Fraunce. The Monday
beyng the daye of Sainct Denyse, the same kynge Lewes
maried the lady Mary in the great church of Abvile, bothe
appareled in goldsmithes woorke. After the masse was
done, there was a great banket and fest, and the ladyes of
England highly entretayned.

The Tewesday beyng the tenth day of October al
Thenglyshmen except a fewe that were officers with the
sayd quene, were discharged which was a greate sorowe
for theim, for some had served her longe in hope of pre-
fermente, and some that had honest romes lefte them to
serve her, and now thei were without service, which caused
them to take thought in so much some died by the way
returning, and some fel mad, but there was no remedy.
After thenglishe Lordes hadde done their commission the
French king wylled them to take no lenger payne, and so
gave to them good rewardes, and thei tooke their leave of

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King Henry the VIII.

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the quene, and returned. Then the Dolphin of Fraunce
called lord Frauncis duke of Valoys, and by his wife duke
of Britaigne for the more honour of this mariage, before
Thenglishmen departed from Abvile, caused a solempne
justes to be proclaymed, which shoulde be kept at Paris in
the moneth of November next ensuyng, and that he with his
ix. aydes shoulde aunswere, all commers beyng gentlemen of
name and of armes. Firste, to ronne v. courses at the Tylt
with peces of avauntage, and also fyve courses at Randon
with sharpe speres, and twelfe strokes with sharpe swordes,
and that done, he and his aides to fight at the barriers with
al gentlemen of name and of armes. Fyrst, syx foynes
with handspeares, and after that eyght strokes to the most
auantage yf the spere so long held, and after that twelfe
strokes wyth the swerde, and yf any man be unhorsed or
be felled with fightinge on foote, then hys horse and armoure
to bee rendered to the officers of armes, and every man of
thys chalenge must set up his armes and name upon an arche
triumphante, whiche shalbe made at the place where the
justes shalbee, and farther shall wryte to what poinct he shal
aunswere to one or to all. When this proclamacion was
reported in Englande by the noble men that returned from
the mariage : the Duke of SufFolke, the Marques Dorset,
and hys foure brethren, the Lorde Clynton, Sir Edward
Nevell, Sir Giles Capel, Thomas Cheney and other sued to
the kyng to be at the chalenge, which request he graciously
graunted. Then the Lordes and knyghtes prepared all
thinge necessarye for their enterprice, and shypped their
horses and harnesse, and dyd so muche by journeye, that
they came to Parys, at the ende of the moneth of (Dctober,
whiche were hartelye welcomed of the kyng and the Dolphin,
but moste of all, of the French quene which then lay at
saynct Denyse, and was not yet crouned nor entred into
Paris.

The Dolphin desired the duke of SufFolke and the lord
Marques Dorset, whose activitie he knew well by reporte,
to be two of his immediat aides, which therto assented :
therfore was erected an Arch of widnes at the tournelles
beside the strete on sainct Anthony, directly before the Bastel,
on the which were set iiii. targettes or scutchions, the one silver
and he that sett his name under that shylde, runne at the
Tylt according to the articles : he that put his name under

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the golden target should ronne with the sharpe speres and
fight with sharpe swerdes : they that put ther names to the
black shilde, should fight a foote with speres and swerdes
for the one hand. And he that touched the tawney sheld
shoulde cast a spere on foot with a targett on his arme, and
after to fight with a ii. hand swerde : on this arche above
stode the armes of the kyng and the quene, and benethe
them stode the armes of the Dolphin and his aydes, and
under nethe stode the iiii. scochions that you have harde of,
and under theim all the armes and names of suche as set
their names to any lof the sayde iiii. scochions. While
all these thinges were preparynge, the lady Mary of Eng-
land the V. dale of November then being Sondaie, was
with great solempnytee crowned Quene of Fraunce in the
monasterie of Sayncte Denyce, and the Dolphyn all the
season held the croune over her hed, because it was of
greate waight to her grevance, at whiche coronacion were
the lordes of England, and accordynge to ther degrees well
enterteyned.

Mondaye the vi. daye of November the sayde Quene was
receyved into the cytee of Parys after the order that
foloweth. First the garde of the Cytee met with her with
oute Sayncte Denyce all in coates of goldesmythes woorke
with shippes gylt, and after them mett her all the priestes
and religious which were estemed to be iii. M. The quene
was in a chayre covered about (but not over her person) in
white cloth of golde the horses that drewe it covered in cloth
of golde, on her hed a coronall all of greate perles, her necke
and brest full of Jueles, before her wente a garde of Almaynes
after their fassion, and after them al noblemen, as the
Dolphyn, the Duke of Alanson, the Duke of Burbon, the
Duke of Vandosme, the Duke of Longevyle, and the Duke
of SufFolke, the Marques Dorsett v. Cardynalles and a
greate nomber of estates, aboute her person rode the kynges
garde whiche were Scottes. Thus was this quene receyved
into Paris and so conveyed to the cathedral churche and
ther offered, and from thence to the pallayce where she
offered at the holy Chapel, and from thence she went to the
lodgyng for that nyght, for whome was provided a great
supper and the herauldes cryed a larges and had to them
geven a ship of silver and gylt, and other plate to the valewe
of ii. C. marke, and after supper began daunsyng and

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King Henry the VIII.

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pastyme. On the morowe began the justes, and the Dolphin
with his aydes entered the feld, the apparell and bardes
were cloth of golde, cloth of sylver and crymsyn velvet
kanteled together all in one sute, they shewed them selfs
before the kyng and quene who were in a goodly stage, and
the quene stode so that all men might see her and wondered
at her beautie, and the kyng was feble and lay on a couche
for weakenes. Then entered the counter parte by a rayle
for combryng the place. These justes contynued iii. dayes,
in the whiche were aunswered iii, hundred and v. men of
armes and every man ran v. courses, and with sharpe speres,
dyverse were slayne and not spoken of : the English lordes
and knightes dyd as well as the best of any the other. At
the Randon and Tournay the Duke of SufFoIke hurt
a gentelman that he was like to die, the Marques strok
Mounsire Crew an Albanoys with his ' spere and persed his
hed pece and put hym in jeopardy : the duke of SuiFolke
in the tornay overthrewe a man of armes horse and man, so
dyd the lorde Marques another, and yet the Frenchmen
woulde in no wyse prayse theim. At this tornay the
Dolphyn was hurt in the hande, so that he coulde not per-
forme hys chalenge at the barriers and put one of his ayde
in his rome, the nexte daye after began the fight at the
barriers and because the Dolphin was not present, the duke
of SufFoIke and the lorde Marques Dorset that daye began
the feld, and toke the barriers with speres in hand abyding
all commers. The Dolphin brought a man secretly, which
in al the court of Fraunce was the tallest and the strongest
man, and he was an Almayne and put him in the place of
an other person to have had the duke of SufFoIke rebuked.
The same great Almayne came to the barres fiersly with face
hyd, because he would not be knowen, and bare his spere to
the duke of SufFoIke with all his strength, and the duke him
received, and for all his strength put hym by strong strokes
from the barriers, and with the but ende of the spere strake
the Almaine that he staggared, but for al that the Almayne
strake strongly and hardly at the duke, and the judges sufFred
many mo strokes to be foughten then were appoincted, but
when they saw the Almayne rele and staggar, then they let
fall the rayle betwene theim. The lorde Marques Dorsett
at the same time, even at the same barre fought with a
gentelman of Fraunce that he lost his spere, and in maner

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with drewe : When the rayle was let fal, these two noble
men put up their vysers and toke ayer, and then they tooke
swerdes with poynct and edges abated, and came to the
barriers, and the Almayne foughte sore with the duke, which
imagened that he was a person set on for the nonce but the
duke by pure strength tooke him about the necke, and
pomeled so aboute the hed that the bloud yssued out of his
nose, and then they were departed, and the Almayne was
conveyed by the Dolphyn lest he should be knowen. These
twoo noble men of Englande that daye fought valiantly
diverse feates, and the Frenchmen likewise nobly them
defended but it happened the lord Marques one time to put
for his aide his youngest brother called the Lorde Edward
Grey of the age of xix. yere, and to hym was put a gentel-
man of Fraunce of greate stature and strength to thentente
to plucke hym over the barres, but yet the younge Lorde
was of suche strength, powre and poUecy, that he so stroke
his adversarie that he disarmed hym, al the face bare. Thus
was these enterpryces fynished to the laude of al parties, and
Thenglyshmen receyved muche honoure and no spott of
rebuke, yet they were prively sett at and in many jeopardies:
for the declaracion of this triumphe, he ithat sawe it can tell
howe goodly the courses trotted bounded and quickly
turned : How valiantely the men of armes behaved them
selfes and howe the Duke of Burbones bende was apparelled
and bassed in tawny velvet, and clothe of sylver clowdy, the
bende of therle of Sayncte PoUe apparelled and barded in
purple velvet all to cut on purple satten, the enfante of
Arragon sonne to Frederycke last kynge of Napels, hys
bende al in clothe of golde and sylver paled. This lord was
but young but was very towarde. The Duke of Vandosme
and his bende in clothe of golde, and pluncket velvet. The
Dolphyn and hys aydes were every daye newe appareled at
his coste, one daye in sylver and golde, a nother in
Crymesyn velvet and yelowe velvet, and another daye in
white velvet and grene, some daye myxted with satyn, some
daye embraudered, some daye pounced with golde, and so
every daie in chaunge as the woorkers fantasye coulde
devyse, but the Englishemen had ever on their apparel red
crosses to be knowen for love of their countre : at this
triumphe the countie Galeas came into the place on a Jenett
trapped in blewe satten and he hym selfe likewyse apparelled

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and ran a corse with a speere, which was at the hed v.
ynches on every syde square, that is xx. ynches about, and
at the but ix. ynches square, that is xxxvi. ynches, this spere
was tymber and yet for al that he ran cleane with it a long
course and slightely avoyded it to his great honour.

Also ther was a nother gentelman called Anthony Bown-
arme whiche came into the feld all armed, and on his body
brought in sight x. spares that is to wyt iii. speres set in
every styroppe forward, and under every thygh ii. speres
upwarde, and under his lefte arme was on spere backeward,
and the x. in his hand, and when he came before the Quene
he let hys horse ronne and never stopped tyll he had taken
every spere after other and broken it on the grounde, and
he never stopped his horse tyU all were broken, thys Gentle-
man was hyghely praysed and so he was worthy : when all
this great triumphe was done, the lordes of England toke
their leve and were highely thanked of the kynge, quene,
Dolphin, and all the lordes, and so departed and came into
England before Christmas. In November the quene was
delivered of a prince which lived not longe after.

This yere in December ther was one Richard Hun a
marchaunt tailor of London in LoUers tower by the com-
maundement of the Bishop of London, called Rychard
Fytzjames and doctoure Horsey his chaunceler, whiche was
a man more of witt to preferre the Byshoppes jurisdicion
and the clergie, then the trueth of the Gospell : but so it was
that the said Hun was found dead hanging by the neck in
a girdle of silke, within the said towre. The beginning of
this matter must be shewed for the folowing of the con-
sequent : for this Hun had a child that died in his house
being an infant, the curate clamed the bering shete for
a mortuary. Hun answered that the infant had no propertie
in the shet, wherupon the priest ascited him in the spiritual
courte, he taking to him good counsail, sued the curat in a
preminire, and when the priestes hard of this, thei did so much
of malice that they accused him of heresy, and brought him
to the loUers tower and ther was founde deed as you have hard.

This man was counted of honest reputacion, no man to
the sight of people more vertuous, wherfore upon this
mater a greate matter folowed, for the Byshoppe and his
Chaunceller doctour Horsey sayde that he hanged him selfe,
and all the temporaltie sayde that he was murthered, and

there

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Richard Hun
committed to
the Idlers
tower and
murthered.

R

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The inquiry
of the death
of Richard
Hun.

there upon xii. men were charged before the Coronour
whiche xii, were elected by greate dyscrecion, and many
tymes they were wyth the kynges counsayll and hard their
opinions, but in the meane season the Bysshop of London
brent the dead Carcasse of the sayde Rycharde Hun in
smythfeldj to the abhominacion of the people : but after
that the matter had ben hard by the judges, and after by the
kynges counsayll his grace beyng present and hering the
cause openly debated and much borne by the spiritualtie, yet
at the last he remitted it to the tryall of the lawe, and so upon
good evidence doctour Horsey the Chaunceller and Bel-
rynger with Charles Joseph the somner, were endyted of
the murther : but afterward by the meanes of the spiritualty
and money, Doctour Horsey caused the kynges attorney to
confesse on his arraynement hym not to be gylty, and so he
escaped and went to Exetre, and for very shame durst never
come after to London. But yet for a further truthe to be
declared in this abhominable and detestable murther, here
shall folow the whole inquyry and verdicte of thenquest
woorde for worde.

The V. and the vi. dale of December in the vi. yere of
the reigne of our sovereigne lorde kyng Henry the VIII.
Wyllyam Barnewell crowner of London, the daye and yere
above sayde within the warde of Castylbaynerd of London
assembled a quest, whose names afterwarde doo appere, and
hath sworne theim truely to enquire of the death of one
Rychard Hun whiche lately was founde dead in the LoUers
tower with in Pauls church of London, wherupon al we of
the inquest together went up into the sayd tower, where we
found the body of the said Hun hanging upon a staple
of iron in a gyrdell of sylke, with faire countenaunce hys
heed fayre kemmed, and his bonet right sittyng upon his
heed, with his eyen and mouth fayre closed, withoute any
staring, gapyng, or frownyng. Also without any drevelyng
or spurgyng in any place of his body, wherupon by one
assent all we agreed to take downe the body of the saide
Hun, and as sone as we began to heve at the body it was
loose, wherby by good advysement we perceyved that the
gyrdell had no knot above the staple, but it was double cast
and the linkes of an iron chayne which dyd hang on the same
staple were laid upon the same gyrdle wherbi he did hang :
Also the knot of the gyrdel that went about his neck stode

under

King Henry the VIII.

131

under his left eare, whiche caused his head to leane toward
his right shoulder. Not withstanding there came out of the
nostrels ii. smal stremes of bloud to the quantite of iiii.
dropes, save only these iiii. dropes of blode, the face lippes,
chinne, doublet, coler, and shurt of the saide Hun was cleane
from any bloud. Also we fynd that the skyn both of his
neck and throte beneth the gyrdel of sylk, was fret and
fased away, with that thing which the murtherers had broken
his neck with all. Also the handes of the sayd Hun wer
wrong in the wristes, wherby we perceyved that his handes
had been bounde.

Moreover we fynd that within the sayde prison was no
meane wher by any man might hang him selfe, but onely
a stole, which stole stode upon a bolster of a bed, so tyckle
that any man or beast myght not touche it so lytle but it
was redy to fall, wherby we perceyved that it was not
possible that Hun might hange him selfe the stole so stand-
inge. Also all the gyrdell from the staple to his necke, as
well as the part which went about his neck was to litle for
his hed to come out therat. Also it was not possible that
the soft sylken gyrdell shoulde breake his neck or skyn
beneth the gyrdle. Also we finde in a corner somewhat
beyonde the place wher he dyd hang, a great persell of
bloud. Also we fynde that upon the lyfte syde of Huns
Jacket from the breast downeward ii. great stremes of bloud.
Also within the flappe of the lyft syde of his Jacket, we
fynde a greate cluster of bloude and the Jacket folden downe
therupon, whiche thing the saide Hun coulde never folde
nor do after he was hanged : Wherby it appeareth plainly to
us all, that the necke of Hun was broken, and the greate
plenty of bludde was shed before he was hanged. Where-
fore all wee fynde by God and all our consciences that
Rychard Hun was murthered : also we acquyte the said
Richard Hun of his aune deathe.

Also an ende of a wax candell whiche as Jhon Belrynger
sayeth, he lefte in the pryson burnyng with Hun that same
Sondaye at nyght that Hun was murthered, whiche waxe
candell we founde styckynge upon the stockes fayre put
oute, aboute seven or eyght fote from the place where Hun
was hanged, whiche candell after oure opynion was never
put oute by hym, for many lykelyhodes whiche we have
perceyved. Also at the goynge up of Master Chaunceller

into

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into the LoUars tower we have good proofe that there laye
on the stockes a gowne eyther of murrey or crimosyn in
grayn furred with shankes, whose goune yt was wee coulde
never prove, neyther who bare it awaye. All wee fynde
that Master Wyllyam Horsey Chaunceller to my lorde of
London hath had at his commaundement bothe the rule and
guydynge of the sayde prysoner. Moreover, all we fynde
that the sayde Master Horsey Chaunceller hath put Charles
Joseph out of his office, as the sayde Charles hath confessed,
because he would not dele and use the sayde prisoner so
cruelly and do to him as the Chaunceller would have had
him to do. Notwithstanding the deliveraunce of the keyes
to the Chaunceller by Charles on the Saturdaye at nyght
before Huns deathe and Charles ryding out of the towne on
the Sondaye in the mornyng ensuyng was but a convencion
made betwixte Charles and the Chaunceller, for to colour
the murther, for the same Sondaye that Charles rode furth,
he came agayne to towne the Sonday at nyght, and kylled
Rychard Hun, as in the deposycions of Julian Littell,
Thomas Chitcheley, Thomas Symondes, and Peter Turney
doeth appere.

After colouryng of the murther betwixte Charles and the
Chaunceller conspired, the Chaunceller called to hym one
Jhon Spaldyng Belrynger of Poules and delyvered to the
same Belrynger the keyes of the LoUars towre, gevyng to
the sayde Belrynger a great charge, sayeng : I charge the to
kepe Hun more straytely than he hath been kepte, and let
hym have but one meale a daye. Moreover I charge the,
let no body come to hym wythoute my lycence, neyther to
brynge hym shurt, cap, kerchefFe, or any other thynge, but
that I see it before yt come to hym. Also before Hun was
caried to Fulham, the Chaunceller commaunded too bee put
uppon Huns necke a greate coUer of Iron with a greate
chayne whiche is to hevy for any man or beast to were and
longe to endure.

Moreover it is well proved that before Huns death the
sayd Chaunceller came up into the sayde Lollers tower, and
kneled downe before Hun, holdyng up hys handes to hym,
prayenge hym of forgevenesse of all that he had done to
hym and muste do to hym. And on the Sondaye folowynge
the Chaunceller commaunded the Penytensary of Poules, too
goo up to hym and saye a Gospell, and make for hym holy

water

King Henry the VIII.

133

water and holye breade, and geve yt to hym, whiche so dyd
and also the Chaunceller commaunded that Hun should
have his diner. And the same dyner tyme Charles boye was
shute in pryson with Hun, whiche was never so before, and
after dyner whan the Belrynger set cute the boye, the Bel-
rynger sayde to the same boye, come no more hyther with
mete for hym untyll to morowe at noone, for my mayster
Chaunceller hathe commaunded that he shall have but one
meale a daye : and the same night folowynge Rychard Hun
was murthered, whiche murder coulde not have been done
wythoute consente and lycence of the Chaunceller, and also
by the wittynge and knowelege of Jhon Spaldynge Bel-
rynger, for there coulde no man come into the prysone but
by the keyes beyng in Jhon Belryngers kepynge. Also
as by my Lorde of Londons booke doeth appere, Jhon
Belrynger is a poore innocente man, wherefore aU wee doo
perceyve that thys murther coulde not be done, but by the
commaimdement of the Chaunceller, and by the wittynge
and knowyng of Jhon Belrynger.

Charles Joseph wythin the tower of London of hys awne
free wyll and unconstreyned sayde, that Master Chaunceller
devysed and wrote with his awne hand, all suche heresyes
as were layd to Huns charge, recorde Jhon God, Jhon
Truy, Jhon Pasmar, Richard Gybson with many other.

Also Charles Joseph sayeth, that whan Rychard Hun was
slayne Jhon Belrynger bare upp the steyre into LoUars tower
a waxe candell, havynge the keyes of the dores hangynge on
hys arme, and I Charles went nexte to hym, and master
Chaunceller came up last, and whan all wee came up, we
founde Hun lyenge on hys bedde, and than Master Chaun-
celler sayde, lay handes on the thefe and so all we murthered
Hun, and than I Charles put the gyrdell about Huns
necke, and than Jhon Belrynger and I Charles dyd heve up
Hun and Master Chaunceller pulled the gyrdell over the
staple, and so Hun was hanged.

The deposicion of Julian littell hate servaunt to Charles Joseph
by her fre will unconstrayned the vi. yere of oure sovereigns
lord kyng Henry the VIII. within the Chap ell of our lady
of Bethelem shewed to thynquest.

Fyrst Julian sayeth, that the Wednesdaye at nyght after

the

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the death of Rychard Hun, that Charles Joseph her master
came home to hys supper : than Julian sayde to hym,
master It was tolde me that ye were in pryson, Charles
aunswered, it is merye to turne the penye, and after supper
Charles trussed persell of his goodes, and with helpe of
Julyan bare them into Master Porters howse to kepe, and
that done Charles sayde to Julian. Julian, yf thou wilt be
sworne to kepe my counsayll I wyl shewe the my mynde,
Julian aunswered ye, yf it be neyther felonie or treason :
than Charles toke a boke oute of his purse, and Julian sware
to hym therupon, than sayde Charles to Julian, I have dis-
troyed Rycharde Hun. Alas Master sayde Julian, howe, he
was called an honest man? Charles aunswered, I put a
wyre in his nose, Alas sayde Julyan nowe be ye cast awaye
and undone, than sayde Charles Julyan I truste in the that
thou wylt kepe my counsayll, and Julyan aunswerd, ye but
for Godes sake master shifte for your selfe, and than Charles
sayde I had lever than a hundred pound yt were not done,
but that is done can not be undone. Moreover Charles
sayde than to Julyan, upon Sondaye whan I rode to my
cousyn Baryngtons house, I taryed there and made good
chere all daye tyll yt was nyght, and yet before it was myd-
nyghte I was in London, and had kylled Hun, and upon
the next day I rode thether agayn and was there at dyner,
and sent for neyghbours and made good chere. Than
Julian asked Charles, where set you your horse that nyght
you came to towne, and wherfore came ye not home,
Charles aunswered, I came not home for feare of bewraiynge,
and than Jidian asked Charles, who was wyth you at the
kyllynge of Hun, Charles aunswered, I wyll not tell the :
and Julyan saythe that upon the Thursdaye folowynge
Charles taryed all daye in his house with great fere, and
upon Frydaye folowyng erly in the mornynge before daye,
Charles went foorth (as he sayde) he wente to Poules, and at
his commyng in agayne he was in great fere sayenge Hastely,
get me my horse and with great feare and hast made hym
redye to ryde, and bad Mayster Porters lad lede his horse
into the felde by the backsyde, and than Charles put into
hys sieve hys mase or masor wyth other plate, and borowed
of Masteres Porter bothe golde and sylver, but howe muche
I am not sure, and Charles wente into the felde after hys
horse, and Julyan brought hys booget after hym. Also

upon

King Henry the VIII.

135

upon Fryday in Christmas weke folowyng, Charles came
home late in the night and brought with him iii. bakers and
a Smyth of Stratforde, and the same nyght they caried out
of Charles house all his goodes by the feld syde to the Bell
at Shordyche, and erly in the mornynge conveyed yt with
cartes to Stratford.

Moreover Julyan sayth that the Saturdaye at nyght
before the death of Hun, Charles came home and broughte
with him a Gurnard, sayenge, yt was for Hun, and Charles
boye telled to Julian, that there was also ordeyned a pece
of freshe Salmon, whiche Jhon Belrynger had.

Also Charles sayde to the sayde Julyan, were not this
ungratious trouble, I coulde brynge my Lorde of London
to the dores of heretyques in London bothe of men and
women that ben worthe a thowsand pound : But I am aferd
that the ungracious myd wyfe shall bewraye us all.

Also Charles sayde unto maistres Porter in lykewyse and
more larger saieng of the best in London, where to maistres
porter answered, the best in London is my lord Mayer, than
Charles sayde, I wil not skuse him quyte for he taketh this
matter whote.

Where as Charles Joseph saieth he laye at necke hill with
a harlott a mans wyfe in Baringtons house the same nyght,
and there abode untyll the morowe at xi. of the clocke that
Richarde Hun was murthered whereupon he brought before
the kynges counsayll for his purgacion the forsayde baude
Baryngtons wyfe, and also the foresayde harlott, whiche
purgacion we have proved al untrewe as right largely may
appere as well by the deposicion of Julian Littell, as of
Thomas Chytcheley Taylor and of Jhon Symons Stacioner,
with other, as of Robert Jhonson and Peter Turner.

'The deposycion of Thomas Chitcheley Taylor.

The sayd Thomas saieth, the same Monday that Richard
Hun was found dead, within a quartar of an hower after
vii. a clock in the morning, he met with Charles Joseph
comming out of Pouls at the nether north dore, goyng
toward Pater noster row, sayeng good morow master
Charles, and the sayd Charles answered, good morow and
turned hys back whan he was withoute the churche dore,
and loked upon the saide Chitchelay.

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ne deposicion of Thomas Symondes Stacioner.

He sayeth, the same mornyng that Hun was founde deed,
that with in a quarter of an hower after vii. a clock in the
mornynge, Charles Joseph came before him at his stal and
sayd good morow goshyp Symons, and the same Symons
sayd good morow to him agayne, and the wyfe of the same
Symons was by him, and because of the dedly contenaunce
and hasty goyng of Charles, the sayd Thomas bad his wife
loke whither Charles gothe, and as she coulde perceyve,
Charles went into an ale howse standing in Pater noster
rowe by the Aley ledyng into the rode of Northerne, or
into the Aley whither she could not well tell.

The deposicion of Roberte Jhonson and his wife dwellyng at the
bell in Shorditche, where Charles Joseph sett his horse that
nyghte that he came to toune to murther Richard Hun.

The sayde Robert sayeth that Charles Joseph sent hys
horse to hys house upon a holydaye at nyght about iii.
wekes before Christmas by a boy, which horse was albe
swet, and albe myred : and the said boye sayd let my fathers
horse stand sadeUed, for I can not tel whether my father
wyll ryde agayne to nyghte or not, and the sayde horse stode
sadeUed all nyght and in the mornynge folowynge Charles
came boted and spurred aboute viii. of the clocke, and asked
yf hys horse was sadelled and the servaunt aunswered : ye,
and the sayde Charles lepte upon his horse and prayed the
hoste to let hym out of his backe gate that he myght ryde
out by the feld syde, whyche host so dyd. And because he
was uncertayne of the daye, we asked hym yf he hard speke
of the death of Hun at that tyme or not, and he aunswered
nay : but shortly after he did. Neverthelesse Peter Turner
Charles sonne in law which brought the horse by nyght into
the Bell Robert Jhonsons house, confessed it was the same
night before that Hun was founde dead in the morning.
Moreover the Frydaye before Huns deth Peter Turner sayde
to an honest woman a waxe chaundelers wyfe dwelling
before sainct Maries spitel gate, that before this day seven
night Hun should have a mischevouse death. And the same
daye at after none this Hun was founde dead, the sayde

Peter

King Henry the VIII.

'^?>1

Peter came to the same wyfe and tolde her that Hun was
hanged, sayenge what told I you.

Also James the Chauncellers cooke, the Fryday before
Huns death, sayde to v. honest men, that Hun shoulde dye
or Christmas, or els he woulde dye for hym, and on the
Mondaye that Hun was founde dead the sayde James came
to the same men : and sayde, what tolde I you, is he not
now hanged.

And we of thynquest asked both of Peter Turner and of
James cooke wher they had knowlege that Hun should so
shortely dye, and thei sayd in master Chauncellers place by
every man.

The deposicion of Jhon Spaldyng Belrynger.

Fyrste the sayde deponent sayeth, that on Saturdaye the
seconde daye of December Anno M. D. xiiii. he toke the
charge of the pryson at foure of the clocke at after none, by
the commaundemente of master Chaunceller, and so toke
the keyes, wherupon he gave commaundement to the de-
ponent, that he should let no maner of person speke with
the prysoner excepte he had knowlege of them, and so at v.
of the clocke the same daye the sayde deponent wente to the
prysoner hym selfe alone, and sawe hym and cheryshed hym
where he gave the sayde deponente a pece of fresh Salmon
for his wyfe. And after that the sayde deponent sayeth that
he went to master commissaries to supper with his felowe,
where he remembred that he had left his knyfe with the sayde
prysoner, wherupon by the counsayll of master Commissary
he went to the prysoner and feched his knyfe, where he
founde the prisoner sayeng of his beades, and so the sayde
deponent requyred his knyfe of the sayde prisoner, and the
saide prisoner delivered the knyfe to the sayd deponent
gladly, and so departed for that nyght.

And after that on the Sonday next folowyng the said
deponent came to the prisoner at ix. of the clock, and asked
him what mete he would have to his diner and he aunswered
but a morsell, and so the saide deponent departed and went
to the Chaunceller into the quere, and he commaunded, that
he should take the penitensary up to the prisoner with him
to make hym holy water and holy bred, and made the saide
deponent to departe the prison house for a whyle, and after
that he brought hym his dyner, and locked Charles boye

with

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with hym all dyner whyle, unto the hower of i. of the
clocke, and so let the lad out agayne and asked hym what
he would have to his supper, and he answered that he had
meate ynough, and so departed untyll vi. of the clocke, and
than the saide deponente broughte hym a quarte of ale, and
at that tyme one Wylliam Sampson went with the sayde
deponent to see the prysoner where he was, and sawe him
and spake together, and so from the hower of vi. a foresayde
unto twelfe a clocke on the morow the sayde deponent came
not there, and whan he came there he met the Chaunceller
with other doctoures goynge to se the prisoner where he
hanged.

The deposicion of Peter Turner, sonne in law of Charles Joseph.

Firste he sayeth that his father in lawe rode out of the
toune upon Sonday the iiii. day of December. Anno xv. C.
and xiiii. at vi. of the clock in the mornynge, weryng a cote
of orenge tawny, on a horse cooler grysell, trottyng.

He sayeth the Sondaye next before that one Buttons wyfe
gave knowledge to the saide deponente that his father shoulde
bee arested by dyverse sergeantes assone as he coulde be
taken, and thereupon the sayd deponente gave knowlege
to the sayde father in lawe at the blacke Friers at the water
syde. Wherupon he avoyded, and the same nighte mayster
chaunceller gave the keyes to Jhon Belringer, and gave him
charge of the prisoner and on the sayde Sondaye the sayde
deponente wyth Jhon Belrynger served the sayde prisoner of
his diner at xii. of the clocke and than Jhon Belrynger sayde
to the deponent, that he would not come to him unto the
morowe for my lord had commaunded him that the prisoner
should have but one meales mete of the daye. 'Notwith-
standyng that the sayde Jhon Belrynger after that he had
shut Poules church dores, went to the foresaide prisoner,
with another with him at vii. of the clock at nyght the sayde
Sondaye.

And the sayde deponent sayeth, that he came on the
Monday at the hower of eyghte of the clocke in the moren-
ynge to seke Jhon Belrynger, and coulde not fynde hym,
and taryed untyll the hye Masse of Poules was done, and
yet he coulde not fynde Jhon Belrynger, and than Jhon
Belryngers felowe, one Wyllyam, delyvered the keyes to

the

nn^^R^^v^

King Henry the VIII.

^39

the sayde deponent, and so the said deponent with two officers
of my lordes beyng somners went to serve the sayd prisoner,
and whan they came the prisoner (thei saide) was hanged,
his face to the wal warde, and upon that the sayde deponent
immediatly gave knowelege to the chaunceller, wherupon
the chaunceller went up with the master of the roUes, and
master Subdeane with other doctoures unknowen, to the
nomber of a dosen and their servauntes.

The deposicion of Jhon Enderby Barber.

The sayde Jhon Enderby sayth, the Frydaye before the
death of Richard Hun, betwixte viii. and ix. of the clock in
the morning, he met with Jhon Belrynger in estchepe, and
asked of hym how master Hun fared, the sayd Belrynger
aunswered, sayenge : There is ordeyned for hym so
grevouse penaunce that when men here of it, they shal have
great marvel therof : wytnesses that hard Jhon Belrynger
saye these woordes Jhon Rutter Skrevener, and WiUiam
Segar armourer.

Also the sayd Jhon Enderby sayth, the same Mondaye
that Rychard Hun was founde ded, he met with the said
Jhon Belrynger at the condith in gracious strete about ix. of
the clock in the mornyng, askyng the sayd Belrynger, how
master Hun fared, the sayde Belrynger aunswered, sayeng,
he fared well this day in the mornyng betwixte v. and vi. of
the clock, Howbeit, I am sory for hym for there can no
body, come to hym untill I come, for I have the keyes of
the dorees here by my Gyrdell, and shewed keyes to the sayd
Enderby.

The deposicion of Alen Creswell wax Chaundeler.

The sayde Alen sayth, that Jhon Grandger servaunte
with my lorde of London, in my lord of Londons kechyn, at
such tyme as the sayd Alen was seryng of Huns cofFen, that
Grandger tolde to him that he was present with Jhon Bel-
rynger the same Sonday at night that Richard was founde
ded of the morowe whan his kepers set hym in the stockes,
in so muche the sayde Hun desyred to borow the kepers
knyfe, and the keper asked him what he would do with
his knyfe, and answered, I had lever kyll my self than
to be thus entreted. This deposicion the sayde Alen will

prove

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prove as farforth as any christen man may, saieng that
Grandger shewed to hym these wordes of his awne frewyl
and mynde, without any question or enquiry to hym made
by the said Alen. Moreover the sayd Alen sayth, that all
that evenyng Grandger was in great feare.

The deposicion of Richard Horsnayle Bailyfe of the sanctuary
towne called Good Esture in Essex.

The sayd Richard saith, the Fryday before Christmas daie
last past, the one Charles Joseph, somner to my lord of
London, became a sanctuary man, and the aforesayde Fry-
daye he regestred his name, the saide Charles sayenge yt
was for the savegarde of his body, for there be certayne men
in London so extreme agaynst hym for the deathe of
Richard Hun, that he dare not abyde in London : Howbeit
the sayde Charles saithe, he knowlegeth hym selfe gyltles of
Huns death, for he delivered the keyes to the Chaunceller
by Huns life, also the saide Bialife sayth, that Charles payd
the deuty of the sayde regestryng, both to him and syr Jhon
Studely Vicar.

The copye of my lorde of Londons Letter sent to
my lorde Cardinall.

I beseche your good lordshipp to stande so good lord
unto my poore chaunceller now in warde, and endited by an
untrewe quest for the death of Richard Hun, upon the
onely accusacion of Charles Joseph made by payne and
duraunce, that by your intercession it may please the kynges
grace to have the matter duly and sufficiently examined by
indiiferente persones of his discrete counsayll in the presence
of the parties, or there be any more done in that cause, and
that upon the innocency of my saide Chaunceller declared,
it may further please the kynges grace to a ward a plackard
unto his Atturnay to confesse the sayde enditement to be
untrewe whan the tyme shall require it, for assured am I if
my Chaunceller be tryed by any xii. men in London, they
be so maliciously set. In favorem heretice pravitatis, that
they wyl cast and condempne any clerke though he were as
innocent as Abell. ^uare si potes beate pater adjuva infirmi-
tates nostras et tibi imperpetuum devincti erimus. Over this in
most humble wyse I beseche you that I maye have the

kynges

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kynges gracious favour, whome I never offended willingly,
and that by your good meanes I might speke with his grace
and you, and I with al myne, shall pray for your prosper-
ouse estate long to continue.

Your most humble Orator. R. L.

The Woordes that my lord of London spake before the lordes
in the parliament chambre.

Memorandum, that the Byshop of London sayde in the
parliament chamber, that there was a byll brought to the
parliamente to make the jury that was charged uppon the
deathe of Hun true men, and sayde and tooke upon hys
conscience that they were false perjuried caytyfes, and sayde
further more too all the Lordes their than beynge : for the
love of GOD, loke upon this matter, for yf ye do not I dare
not kepe myne awne house for heretiques : and sayde that the
saide Rychard Hun hanged hym selfe, and that yt was hys
awne dede and no mans els. And further more sayde, that
there came a man to hys howse (whose wyfe was appeched
of heresye) to speke with hym, and he sayde that he had no
mynde to speke with the same man, which man spake and
reported to the servauntes of the same Byshoppe, that yf
hys wyfe woulde not holde styll her opinion, he woulde
cutte her throte with his awne handes, with other woordes.

The sentence of the quest subscribed by the crouner.

The inquisicion intendid and taken at the citie of London,
In the Parishe of sainct Gregorie, in the warde of Baynard
Castel in London the syx daye of December, in the yere and
reigne of kyng Henry the eight the syx yere, afore Thomas
Barnewell crouner of our soveraigne lorde the kynge, within
the Citie of London aforesayed. Also afore James Yarford,
and Jhon Mondey SherifFes of the sayed Cytie, uppon the
sight of the bodie of Rychard Hun late of London Taylour,
whiche was founde hanged in the LoUars Towre, and by the
othe and profe of lawfull men of the same warde, and of
other thre wardes next adjoyning as it ought to bee after
the custome in the Cytie aforesayed, to enquyre, how, and in
what manerwise, the sayde Rycharde Hun came unto hys
death, and upon the othe of Jhon Bernard, Thomas Sterte,

Willyam

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Willyam Warren, Henry Abraham, Jhon Aborow, Jhon
Turner, Rebert Alen, Wylliam Marler, Jhon Burton, James
Page, TThomas Pickehyll, Willyam Burton, Robert Brige-
water, Thomas Busted, Gilbert Howell, Rychard Gibson,
Christopher Crofton, Jhon God, Rycharde Holte, Jhon
Pasmere, Edmonde Hudson, Jhon Aunsell, Rycharde Couper,
Jhon Tynie, the whiche saied upon their othes, that where
the saied Rychard Hun, by the commaundement of Rychard,
byshop of London, was enprisoned and brought to holde in
a pryson of the sayed byshops, called LoUars Towre lyeng in
the cathedrall churche of saincte Paule in London, in the
parishe of saincte Gregorie, in the warde of Baynerde castell
aforesaied, Willyam Horseley of London clerke, otherwyse
called Willyam Heresie, Chauncellour to Rycharde byshop
of London, and one Charles Joseph late of London somner,
and Jhon Spaldyng of London, otherwyse called Jhon
belrynger, feloniousely as felons to our lord the kyng,
with force and armes against the peace of our sovereigne
lorde the kyng, and dignitie of his croune, the fourthe day
of December, the yere of the reigne of our sovereigne lorde
the sixt a foresayed, of their great malice, at the parishe of
saincte Gregorie aforesayed, uppon the sayed Recharde Hun
made a fraye, and the same Rycharde Hun felonyously
strangeled and smodered, and also the necke they did breake
of the sayed Rycharde Hun, and there feloniously slew hym
and murthered hym : and also the body of the sayed
Rycharde Hun afterwarde the same iiii. daye, yere, place,
paryshe and warde aforesayed, with the proper gyrdell of the
same Rycharde Hun of sylke, blacke of coloure, of the value
of xii. pence after his death upon a hoke dryven into a pece
of tymber in the wall of the pryson aforesayed made faste,
and so hanged hym againste the peace of oure sovereigne
lorde the kynge, and the dignitie, of hys croune, and so the
sayed Jury hathe sworne upon the holy Evangelist, that the
said William Horsey clerke, Charles Joseph, and Jhon
Spalding of their set malice then, and ther, feloniously
killed and murthered the sayed Rycharde Hun, in maner
and forme abovesaied, agaynst the peace of our sovereigne
lorde the kyng, his croune and dignitie.
Subscribed in this maner.

Thomas Barnewell, crouner of the

citie of London.

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This Christmas on Newyeres night, the kyng, the duke of
SufFolke and twoo other in mantels of clothe of sylver, and
lyned with blew Velvet, the sylver was pounsed in letters, so
that the Velvet might be sene through, the mantels had great
capes like to the Portingall slopys, and all their hosen,
doublettes and cotes were of the same fasshion cut and of
the same stufFe, with them were foure ladies in gounes, after
the fasshion of Savoy, of blew Velvet, lyned with clothe, the
Velvet all to cutt, and mantels lyke tippettes knytte together
all of sylver and on their heddes bonettes of burned golde,
the foure torche bearers were in Satyn white and blew.
This straunge apparell pleased muche every persone, and in
especiall the C^ene, and thus these foure lordes and foure
ladies came into the Quenes chamber with greate lyght of
torches, and daunsed a great season, and then put of their
visers, and then they were wel knowen, and the Quene
hartely thanked the kynges grace for her goodly pastyme,
and kyssed hym.

Lykewyse on the twelve night, the kyng and the Quene
came into the hall of Grenewyche, and sodaynly entered a
tent of clothe of golde and before the tent stode foure men
of armes, armed at all poynctes and swerdes in their handes,
and sodaynly with noys of trompettes entered foure other
persons all armed, and ran to the other foure, and there was
a great and a fearce fight, and sodainly came out of a place
lyke a wood eight wyldemen, all apparelled in grene mosse,
made with slyved sylke, with Uggly weapons and terrible
vysages, and there foughle with the knyghtes eight to eight,
and after long fyghtyng, the armed knyghtes drave the
wylde men out of their places, and folowed the chace out of
the hall, and when they were departed, the tent opened, and
there came out syx lordes and syx ladyes rychely appareyled,
and daunsed a greate tysje : when they had daunsed their
pleasure, they entered the tent agayn and so was conveyed
out of the hall, and then the kynge and the Quene were
served with a right sumpteous banquet.

The third day of Februarie, the kyng made a solempne
Justes, and he and the Marques Dorset would aunswere all
commers, their apparell and bardes were of blew Velvet, and
clothe of sylver, all to cutte in suttell knotes, rychely en-
broudered, all the servitours in white and blewe sylke. The
counterparte, whiche were xiiii. in number, rychely appareyled

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in Velvet, clothe of golde, and brouderie, every man after
his awne device. The kyng was that daye hyghly to be
praysed, for he brake xxiii. speres besyde attayntes, and
bare doune to ground a man of armes and hys horse : the
lorde Marques and all other dyd valiauntly, and hadde
muche prayse, for every man did passyng well, whiche is
seldome sene in suche a case, but the kyng for a suertie
exceded all other.

The iiii. day of October, the kyng removed to Lambeth,
and on the morowe began the hygh courte of Parliament,
fyr Thomas Nevel was then speaker, in this parliament was
diverse actes made, but in especial two, whiche were muche
spoken of, the one was the acte of apparail, and the other the
acte of labourers, of these twoo actes was muche commoning
and much busynes arose, for the labourers would in nowise
labour by the daye, but all in taske and in greate, and there-
fore muche trouble fell in the countrey, and in especiall in
Harvest tyme, for then husbandmen coulde scace get worke-
men to helpe in their Harvest. This Parliament contynued
tyll Easter, in the whiche diverse subsidies were graunted to
the kyng toward his great costes and charges, that he had
bene at in his vyage Royall in Fraunce, and after Easter the
nyne and twenty daye of the moneth of April, the kyng
deliting to set forth young gentelmen, called Nicholas
Carew, and Fraunces Bryan, and caused diverse other young
Gentelmen, to be on the counter parte, and lent to them
horse and barneys to encourage all youthe to seke dedes of
armes. This yere died at Rome by poyson as was reported
the Archebyshop of Yorke and Cardinall, called doctor
Benbricke, whiche was the kynges Ambassadour there :
this was a wise man and of a joly courage. The kyng then
gave the saied Archebishoprike to Thomas Wolsey, then
bishop of Lyncoln, whiche at that tyme bare all the rule
aboute the kyng, and what he saied was obeied in all places.
And when he was once Archebishop he studied day and
nyght how to be a Cardinall, and caused the kyng and the
Frenche kyng to write to Rome for hym, and at their
requestes he obteyned his purpose as you shall here after-
warde.

At this tyme was muche commoning, and verely as it
appered it was entended, that the kyng in person would
passe the sea to Caleys, and there on the marches of the

same,

King Henry the VIII.

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same, the Frenche king and Quene to come and se the kyng
their brother, and for the same jorney many costly workes
were wrought, and much ryche apparell provided for, and
much preparacion made against the next spryng : but death,
whiche is the last ende of all thynges let this jorney, for
before the next spring the Frenche kyng dyed at the citie of
Paris, the first daye of January, when he had bene maried
Ixxxii. dayes. And when the kyng was advertised of the
death of the Frenche kyng, he caused a solempne obsequie
to be song for hym in the cathedral church of s. Paule with a
costly herse, and many noble men being present.

And after he sent a letter to comforte the Quene his
sister, requyryng to knowe her pleasure whither she would
continue styl in Fraunce or returne into Englande againe.
And when he was advertysed of her purpose, which was to
returne into England. He sent the duke of SufFolke, syr
Richard Wyngfeld, and doctor West with a goodly bande of
yomen all in blacke to Parys, whiche were well received of
the newe Frenche kyng Fraunces the first of the name, and
declared to hym, that according to the covenauntes made at
the tyme of the mariage betwene kyng Loyes and the ladie
Marie, sister to the kyng of England, thei demaunded
to have the sayde quene delivered to them with her dower,
and shewed their commission for the receite of her. Then
the counsaill of Fraunce, accordinge to the apointmentes
assigned her a dower, and the Duke of Suffolke put in
officers, then she was by endenture delivered to the duke,
whiche behaved hym selfe so to her, that he obteined her good
will to be her husband, and therupon he wrote to the kyng
her brother, mekely besechyng hym of pardon of his request
and humbly requiring him of his wil and consent, at whiche
thinge the kyng a while staled, and at the last by the meane
of the Frenche quene her selfe, and other great frendes on
the dukes parte : After long suite it was agreed that the
duke of Suflfolke should bring her into England unmaried,
and at his retorne to mary her in England : but for doubte
of chaunge he maried her secretely in Parys as was sayde.

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A maiynge.

THE SEVENTH YERE.

AFTER that the duke of SufFolke had receaved the
Frenche quene with her dower apointed, and all her
apparell, juels and husholde stufFe delivered, he with
the quene toke their leave of the Frenche kyng, leaving
doctor West, nominate byshop of Ely, for the conclusion of
the newe league to bee made betwene the kyng of England,
and the newe Frenche kyng called Fraunces the first, and so
passed thorough Fraunce to Caleis, where she was honourably
enterteined. And after with greate honoure maried tolorde
Charles Brandon, duke of Suffolke openly : howbeit, some
saied he was maried prively before at Parys, in the house of
Cluigny. Against this mariage many men grudged and saied
that it was a great losse to the realme that she was not
maried to the prince of Castell : But the wysest sorte was
content, considering that if she had bene maried again out
of the realme, she should have caried much riches with her,
and now she brought every yere into the realme ix. or x. M.
markes : but whatsoever the rude people said, the duke
behaved hym selfe, so that he had bothe the favour of the
kyng and of the people, his witte and demeanour was
such.

The kyng and the quene accompanied with many lordes
and ladies roade to the high grounde of shoters hil to take
the open ayre, and as they passed by the way, they espied a
company of tall yomen, clothed all in grene with grene
whodes and bowes and arrowes, to the number of ii. C.
Then one of them, whiche called hym selfe Robyn hood, came
to the kyng, desyryng hym to se his men shote, and the kyng
was content. Then he whisteled, and all the ii. C. archers
shot and losed at once, and then he whisteled again, and they
likewyse shot agayne, their arrowes whisteled by crafte of
the head, so that the noyes was straunge and great, and
muche pleased the kyng the quene and all the company. All
these archers were of the kynges garde and had thus
appareled them selves to make solace to the kynge. Then
Robyn hood desyred the kyng and Quene to come into the
grene wood, and to se how the outlawes lyve. The kyng
demaunded of the quene and her ladyes, if they durst

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adventure to go into the wood with so many outlawes.
Then the quene said, that if it pleased hym, she was
content, then the homes blewe tyll they came to the wood
under shoters hill, and there was an Arber made of bowes
with a hal, and a great chamber and an inner chamber very
well made and covered with floures and swete herbes, whiche
the kyng muche praised. Then said Robyn hood, Sir, out-
lawes brekefastes is venyson, and therefore you must be
content with such fare as we use. Then the kyng and
quene sate doune, and were served with venyson and vyne
by Robyn hood and his men, to their great contentacion.
Then the kyng departed and his company, and Robyn hood
and his men them conduicted, and as they were returnyng,
there met with them two ladyes in a ryche chariot drawen
with V. horses and every horse had his name on his head, and
on every horse sat a lady with her name written. On the
first courser called Cawde, sate humidite, or humide. On the
ii courser called Memeon, roade lady vert. On the iii. called
pheton, sate lady vegetave. On the iiii. called Rimphon, sate
lady pleasaunce. On the v. called lampace, sate swete odour,
and in the Chayre sate the lady May, accompanied with lady
Flora, richely appareled, and they saluted the kyng with
diverse goodly songes, and so brought hym to Grenewyche.
At this Maiyng was a greate number of people to beholde
to their great solace and confort.

The same after none, the kyng, the duke of Suffolke, the
Marques dorset, and the erle of Essex, their bardes and
bases of grene velvet and clothe of golde, came into the
fielde on great coursers, on whom wayted diverse gentelmen
in silke of the same colour. On the other side entred xvi.
lordes and gentelmen, all apparelled richely after their
devises, and so valiauntly they ranne their courses ap-
pointed : and after that they ran volant one as fast as he
might overtake another, whiche was a goodly sight to se :
and when al was done they departed, and went to a goodly
banquet.

This Sommer the kyng toke his progresse Westward, and
visited his tounes and castels there, and hard the com-
plaintes of his pore comminaltie, and ever as he roade, he
hunted and liberally departed with venyson : and in the
middes of September he came to his maner of Oking, and
thether came to hym the Archebyshop of Yorke, whom

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The

Cardinals hat
receav^d.

he hartely welcommed and shewed him great pleasures : And
while he sojourned there, a letter was brought to the Arch-
byshop from Rome, certefiyng him howe he was elected to
be a Cardinall, whiche incontinent shewed the same to the
kyng, disabling him self in wordes, though his en tent was
otherwise, and so the king did encourage him, and willed
him to take the order on him, and so called him my lorde
Cardinal!, but his hat, bul nor other ceremonies were not yet
come.

In the moneth of November, the kyng assembled his
hygh courte of Parliament at Westmynster, and diverse
actes made in the Parliament the vi. yere, amended and
altered, and especially the acte of apparell, and the acte of
labourers, as by the booke of statutes more playnly apereth.
And at the ende of this Parliament, the Archebyshop of
Cauntourbury perceaving that the Archebyshop of Yorke
medled more in his office of Chauncelourship then it became
hym to suffer, except he would aventure the kynges dis-
pleasure, and seing also that the said byshop of Yorke
coveted to beare all the rule, and to have all the whole
aucthoritie, consideryng also his awne great age, gave up
into the kynges handes his rowme of Chauncelour, and
delivered to the kyng the great Seale, whiche delivered the
same to the Archebyshop of Yorke, and made hym
Chauncelour. And assone as he was Chauncelour, he
directed commissions into all Shires, for to put the statute
of apparell and the statute of labourers in execucion. And
he hym selfe one daye called a gentelman named Symon fyz
Richard, and toke from hym an olde Jacket of Crymosyn
velvet and diverse broches, whiche extreme doinge caused
hym greatly to be hated, and by his exsample many cruell
officers for malice, evell intreated dyverse of the kynges
subjectes, in so muche that one Shynnyng Mayre of
Rochester, set a young man on the Pillory for weryng of
a ryven shert.

In the ende of this moneth was sent into Englande the
Cardinalles hat, and receaved by gentelmen of Kent, and
brought to London with suche triumphe as though the
greatest prince of Christendome had bene come into the
realme. And on a Sonday at s. Peters church at Westminster
he receaved the habite, hat, and piller, and other vaynglorious
tryfles, apperteignyng to the order of a Cardinal. And when

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he was once a perfite Cardinall, he loked then above all
estates, so that all men almost hated hym, and disdayned
hym.

Then after the Parliament sir Edward pouninges laboured
to be discharged of the keping of the citie of Torney, for
there he was ever sickly, and so he was discharged, and sir
William blunt lord Mountjoye was sent thether. And for
Marshal there was apointed sir Sampson Norton. And
when the lord Mountjoye was come thether, and sir Sampson
Norton, there happened such a ryot that the citie was in
great jeopardy, the very cause was unknowen, but all the
souldioure, except such as were of the kynges garde rebelled,
and put the lord Mountjoye in jeopardy of his lyfe. And in
conclusion to appease the people, sir Sampson Norton was
banisshed the toune for ever. And after the citie was
appeased, and every thing thought to be forgotten, diverse
were executed, and diverse banished the toune and some fled
and were banyshed both England and the toune.

After the Parliament was ended, the king kept a solempne
Christmas at his maner of Eltham, and on the xii. night in
the hall was made a goodly castel, wonderously set out, and
in it certeyn ladies and knightes, and when the kyng and
quene were set, in came other knightes, and assailed the
castel where many a good strype was geven, and at the last
the assaylantes were beaten awaye. And then issued out
knightes and ladies out of the castel, whiche Jadyes were
ryche and straungely disguysed, for all their apparell was
in braydes of Gold, fret with moving spangels, sylver and
gilt, set on Crymosyn satyn lose and not fastened : the
mens apparell of the same suyte made like Julis of
Hungary, and the ladyes heddes and bodies were after
the fassion of Amsterdam, and when the daunsyng was
done, the banquet was served in of ii. C. dyshes, with
great plenty to every body.

This yere was the new league betwene the kyng and the
Frenche kyng openly proclaymed thorough the citie of
London with a trompet. This yere also, Margaret quene
of the Scottes, wife to James the iiii. slayn at Bramston the
V. yere of the kyng, and elder syster to the kyng, after the
death of her late husbande maried Archiball Douglas erle of
Angus, without the kyng her brothers assent, or the counsail
of Scotland, for the whiche he was not well content. But

after

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after that, there fell such a strife betwene the lordes of
Scotland, that she and her husband like banished persones
came into England, and wrote to the kyng for mercy and
comfort. The kyng ever enclyned to mercy, sent theim
apparell, vessell and all thynges necessary, willyng them to
lye still in Northumberland, till they knewe farther of his
pleasure : And so they laye still at Harbotell, and the quene
was there delivered of a faire lady called Margaret, and all the
countrey were commaunded by the kyng to do them pleasure.

This yere the xviii. of February, at Grenewiche was
borne a faire princes and christened with great solempnitie,
and named Mary.

This yere died the kyng of Arragon father to the quene,
for whome was kept a solempne obsequy in the Cathedrall
churche of Paules.

Y

THE EIGHT YERE.

E have harde the last yere how the quene of Scottes
with her husband was come for succour into
England, and laye at Harbottell in Northumber-
land, tyl the kynges pleasure was to send for them. So
he, lyke a natural brother sent for her and her husband
to come to hys courte for their solace. For the whiche
kyndnes the erle Humbly thanked the kyng, and promised
to geve his attendaunce on the quene his wife to the court :
wherupon the kyng sent William blacknal esquier, clerke
of his Spycery with sylver vessell, plate and other thynges
necessary for the conveyaunce of her, and sent to her all
maner of officers for her estate convenient. And when she
was ready to departe, she asked for her husbande, but he
was departed into Scotland, and left her alone, nothing
remembring his promes, which sodeyn departyng muche
made her to muse : Howbeit, the lordes of Englande
greatly encouraged her to kepe her promyse with the
kynge her brother : and so after she was somewhat
appeased, she set forward, and in every toune she was well
receaved, and so on the iii. day of May she made her entry
into London, riding on a white palfrey (which the quene of
England had sent to her) behind sir Thomas par richely
besene, and with great company of lordes and ladies, she

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151

roade thorough the citie to Baynardes castel, and from
thence she was conveighed to Grenewiche, and there
received joyously of the kyng, the quene, the Frenche
quene her syster, and highly was she feasted. And when
the kyng hearde that the Erie of Angus her husbande was
departed, he saied, it was done like a Scot. This Quene
sometyme was at the courte, and sometyme at Baynardes
castell, and so she continued in Englande aU this yere.

The kyng for the honoure of hys syster, the xix. and xx.
day of Maye prepared ii. solempne dates of Justes, and the
kyng him selfe, and the duke of Suifolke, the erle of Essex,
and Nicholas Carew esquyer, toke on them to aunswere al
commers. The apparel of them and their horses was blacke
velvet, covered al over with braunches of hony suckels of
fine flat gold of dammaske, of lose worke, every lefe of the
braunche moving, the embroudery was very connyng and
sumpteous. On the kyng was attending in one suyte on
horsebacke, the lorde Marques dorset, the erle of Surrey,
the lord Burgainy, the lord Hastinges, sir Jhon pechy, the
lord Ferreys, sir WUliam Fitzwilliam, and xii. other knightes,
all these were in frockes of blewe velvet, garded with ryche
clothe of golde, and their horse trappers of blew velvet,
frynged with golde : And on foote were xl. persons all in blew
satyn, garded with clothe of golde. And so they entered the
fielde with trompettes, dronslades and other mynstrelsey.

Then in came the counterpart, richely appareled, to the
number of xii. and on that daye every man did well, but the
kyng did best, and so was adjudged, and so at night they
ceassed, and came to supper.

The kyng, the next day and his company were appareiled
horse and al in purple velvet, set ful of leaves of clothe of
gold, engrailed with fyne flat golde of dammaske, em-
broudered like to Rose leves, and every lefe fastened to
other with pointes of dammaske golde, and on al their
borders were letters of gold, bullion. And on the kyng
wayted v. lordes xiiii. knightes in frockes of yelow velvet,
garded and bound with riche clothe of gold, and xxx. gentel-
men were in like apparell on fote, and xl. officers in yelow
satyn edged with clothe of gold : thus with great triumphe
thei entred the fielde. Then the cuntrepartie entred, al
clothed and barded in white satyn, traversed with clothe of
golde richely. This day was many a great stripe geven.

The

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The kyng and sir William kyngston ranne together, whiche
sir William was a strong and a tall knight, and yet the kyng
by strength overthrew hym to the ground. And after that
the kyng and his aides had perfourmed their courses, they
ranne volant at al commers, whiche was a plesaunt sight to
se. And when night approched, they al disarmed them, and
went to the quenes chamber, where was a great banket for
the welcome of the quene of Scottes.

This moneth of May were sent out of England xii. C.
masons and Carpenters, and iii. hundred labourers to the
citie of Torney : for the kyng and his counsaill, consideryng
that the garrison that was kept there, was chargeable, and
therfore it was determined that there should be builded a
Castell to chastice the citie if they rebelled, and to minishe
the garrison. And therfore these worckemen were sent
thether, whiche this yere began a strong Castell, and wrought
still on it.

This yere, by the Cardinall, were all men called to accompt
that had the occupiyng of the kynges money in the warres or
els where, not to every mans contentacion, for some were
found in arterages, and some saved them selfes by policy
and brybory, and waxed ryche, and some Innocentes were
punished. And for a truthe he so punished perjury with
open punyshment and open papers weryng, that in his tyme
it was lesse used. He punyshed also lordes, knyghtes, and
men of all sortes for ryottes, beryng and maintenaunce in
their countreis, that the pore men lyved quietly, so that no
man durst beare for feare of imprisonement : but he him self
and his servauntes, whiche were well punished therfore. The
pore people perceaved that he punished the ryche, then they
complayned without number, and brought many an honest
man to trouble and vexacion. And when the Cardinall at
the last had perceaved their untrue surmises and fayned
complaintes for the moste parte, he then wexed wery of
hearyng their causes, and ordeined by the kynges com-
mission, diverse under courtes to herei complaintes by bill of
poore people. The one was kept in the white hall, the other
before the kynges Almoner doctor Stokesley, a man that had
more learnyng then descrecion to be a judge. The third
was kept in the lord treasourers chamber beside the starre
chamber, and the iiii. at the roUes at after none. These
courtes were greatly haunted for a tyme, but at the last the

people

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people perceaved that much delay was used in these courtes,
and few matters ended, and when they were ended, they
bound no man by the law, then every man was wery of
them and resorted to the common law.

In the moneth of October came into Englande Mathew
Byshop of Sedonon and Cardinall, called commonly the
Cardinal of Swyshes, from the Emperour Maximilian. This
Cardinal was a wise man and of great boldenes, and was wel
entreteined in the court and of the kyng. And at his con-
templacion and for old love, the kyng lent to the Emperour
Maximilian a great summe of money : wherof the company
of Friscobalde, and Antony Caveler Genevoy undertoke
thexchange, but they paied not the Emperour at his day,
not withstanding thei had receaved the money of the kyng.
This Friscobald and Antony Caveler by meanes of rewardes,
geven to great lordes of the counsail borowed of the king
XXX. M.t. and had long dales for the paiment : but Fris-
cobald was shortely consumed, and Anthony Caveler could
not be sene, and so the kyng was not payd at his dales, and
many English merchauntes were by these men undone, for
they spent liberally of every mans goodes.

This yere the kyng kept his Christmas at his maner of
Grenewiche, and on the xii. night, according to the old
custome, he and the quene came into the hal, and when
they were set, and the quene of Scottes also, there entred in
to the hall a Gardeyn artificiall, called the Gardeyn of
Esperance. This Gardeyn was towred at every corner, and
railed with railes gilt, all the bankes were set with floures
artificial of silke and gold, the leves cut of grene sattyn, so
that they semed very floures. In the middest of this
Gardeyn was a piller of antique worke, al gold set with
perle and stone, and on the toppe of the piller, which was
vi. square, was a lover or an arche embowed, crouned with
gold : within whiche stode a bushe of Roses red and white, al
of sylke and golde, and a bushe of Pomegranates of like
stuf. In this gardeyn walked vi. knightes and vi. ladyes
rychely appareyled, and then they discended and daunsed
many goodly daunses, and so ascended the gardeyn agayne,
and were conveighed out of the hal, and then the kyng was
served of a great banket. After this Christmas, the kyng
exercysed hym selfe muche in hawkyng.

In this ceason, the Genowayes, Frenchemen and other

straungers

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The pryde of
Frenchemen.

straungers sayde and boasted them selfes to be in suche
favoure with the kyng and hys counsaill, that they set
naughte by the rulers of the citie : And the multitude of
straungers was so great about London, that the pore
Englishe artificers coulde skace get any living : And most
of all the straungers were so proude, that they disdained,
mocked and oppressed the Englishemen, whiche was the
beginning of the grudge. For amonge all other thynges,
there was a Carpenter in London called Willyamson, whiche
bought two stockedoves in Chepe, and as he was about to
paye for them, a Frencheman toke them oute of his hande,
and said they were no meate for a Carpenter : well said the
Englysheman I have bought them and now payed for them,
and therfore I will have them, naye saied the Frencheman
I wil have them for my lorde the Ambassadour, and so
for better or worse, the Frencheman called the Englishe-
man knave, and went a waye with the stockdoves. The
straungers came to the Frenche Ambassadour, and surmysed
a complainte againste the poore carpenter, and the Ambas-
sadour came to my lorde Maire, and said so muche, that the
carpenter was sent to prison : and yet not contented with
this, so complayned to the kynges counsail, that the kynges
commaundement was layde on hym. And when syr Jhon
Baker knyght and other worshipful persones sued to the
Ambassadour for him, he aunswered, by the body of God
that the Englyshe knave shoulde lose his lyfe, for he saied
no Englysheman shoulde deny that the Frenchemen required,
and other aunswere had they none.

Also a Frencheman that had slayne a ' man, should abjure
the realme and had a crosse in his hande, and then sodeynly
came a greate sorte of Frenchemen about hym, and one of
them said to the Constable that led him, syr is this crosse the
price to kyll an Englisheman. The Constable was somwhat
astonied and aunswered not. Then said another Frenche-
man, on that pryce we would be banyshed all by the masse,
thys saiyng was noted to be spoken spitefully. Howebeit,
the Frenchemen were not all onely oppressors of the
Englyshemen, for a Lombarde called Fraunces de bard,
entised a mannes wyfe in Lombarde strete to come to his
chambre with her husbandes plate, whyche thynge she dyd.
After when her husbande knewe it, he demaunded his wyfe,
but aunswere was made he shoulde not have her, then he

demaunded

King Henry the VIII.

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demaunded his plate, and in lyke maner aunswere was made
that he shoiilde neither have plate nor wyfe. And when he
had sewed an accion against the straunger in the Guylde
hall, the straunger so faced the Englisheman, that he faynted
in his sute. And then the Lombarde arrested the poore
man for his wyfes boorde, while he kept her from her
husbande in his chamber. This mocke was muche noted,
and for these and many other oppressions done by them,
there encreased suche a malice in the English mennes hartes,
that at the last it brast oute. For amongest other that sore
grudged at these matters, there was a broker in London
called Jhon Lyncoln, whiche wrote a byU before Easter,
desyryng doctor Standiche at hys Sermon at saint Marye
SpytteU the Mondaye in Easter weke, too move the Mayre
and Aldermen, to take parte with the comminaltie agaynste
the straungers : The Doctor aunswered that it became not
hym too move anye suche thinge in a Sermon. From hym
he departed, and came to a Chanon in sainct Mary Spittell,
a doctor in Devinitie, called doctor Bele, and lamentably
declared to hym, howe miserably the common artificers
lyved, and skase coulde get any woorke to fynde them, their
wyfes and chyldren, for there were such a number of arti-
ficers straungers, that tooke awaye all the lyvynge in maner.
And also howe the Englyshe marchauntes could have no
utteraunce, for the marchaunt straungers brynge in all
Silkes, clothes of Golde, Wyne, Oyle, Iron, and suche other
marchaundyse, that no man almoste byeth of an Englyshman.
And also outwarde, they carye so muche Englyshe WoUe,
Tynne, and Leade, that Englyshmen that aventure outwarde
can have no lyvyng : Whiche thynges saied Lyncoln hathe
bene shewed to the counsaill, and cannot be heard. And
farther sayed he, the straungers compasse the cytie rounde
aboute, in Southwarke, in Westminster, Temple barre,
Holborne, Sayncte Martynes, Sayncte Jhons strete, Algate,
Towre hyll, and Sainct Katherines, and forstall the market,
so that no good thynge for them commeth to the market :
Whiche is the cause that Englyshe men want and sterve, and
they lyve habundauntly in great pleasure. Wherefore sayed
Lyncolne master Doctor, syth you were borne in London,
and se the oppression of the straungers, and the great
misery of your awne natyve countrey, exhorte all the
cytezens to joyne in one against these straungers, raveners

and

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and destroyers of your countrey. Master doctor hearynge
this, saied he muche lamented the case if it were as
Lyncolne hadde declared, yes sayde Lyncolne, that it is
and muche more, for the Duchemen bryng over Iron,
Tymber, lether and Weynskot ready wrought, as Nayles,
Lockes, Baskettes, Cubbordes, Stooles, Tables, Chestes,
girdels, with pointes, saddles and painted clothes so that if
it were wrought here, Englishemen might have some worke
and lyvynge by it. And besyde this, they growe into suche
a multitude that it is to be looked upon, for I sawe on a
Sondaye this Lent vi. C. sti-aungers shotyng at the Popyngaye
with Crosbowes, and they kepe suche assemblies and frater-
nities together, and make suche a gathering to their common
bore, that every botcher wil holde plee with the citie of
London : wel sayd the doctor, I will do for a reformacion
of this matter asmuche as a priest may do, and so receaved
Lincolnes byll and studied for his purpose. Then Lyncoln
very joyous of hys enterpryce went from man to man, saiyng
that shortly they shoulde heare newes, and dayly excited
younge people and artificers to beare malice to the
straungers. When Easter came and doctor Bele shoulde
preache the Tuesdaye in Easter weke, he came into the
pulpit, and there declared that to hym was brought a
pitifuU byll, and red in this wyse. To all you the worshyp-
full lordes and masters of the cytie that will take compassion
over the pore people your neighbours, and also of the greate
importable hurtes, losses, and hynderaunces, whereof pro-
ceadeth the extreme povertie too all the kynges subjectes
that inhabite within this cytie and suburbes of the same, for
so it is that the alyens and straungers eate the bread from the
poore fatherles chyldren, and take the livynge from all the
artificers, and the entercourse from all merchauntes, wherby
povertie is so muche encreased that every man bewaileth the
misery of other, for craftes men be brought to beggery and
merchauntes to nedynes : Wherefore the premisses con-
sidered, the redresse muste be of the commons, knyt and
unite to one parte, and as the hurt and dammage greveth all
men, so muste all men set to their willyng power for remedy,
and not to sufFre the sayed alyens so highly in their wealth,
and the naturall borne men of his region too come to
confusion. Of this letter was more, but the doctor red no
farther, and then he began Ccelum cceli domino, terram autem

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deditfiliis hominum, and upon this text he intreated, that this

lande was geven too Englishemen, and as byrdes woulde

defende their nest, so oughte Englishemen to cheryshe and

defende them selfes, and to hurte and greve aliens for the

common weale. And upon this text pugna pro f atria, he

brought in, howe by Goddes lawe it was lawfuU to fyght for

their countrey, and ever he subtellie moved the people to

rebeUe against the straungers, and breake the kynges peace,

nothynge regardynge the league betwene prynces and the

kynges honoure. Of thys Sermon many a light person

tooke courage, and openly spake agaynste straungers.

And as the devell woulde, the Sunday after at Grenewyche

in the kynges gallery was Fraunces de Bard, whiche as you

hearde kept an Englishe mans wife and his goodes, and yet

he could have no remedy, and with hym were Domyngo,

Anthony Caveler, and many mo straungers, and there they

talkynge with syr Thomas Palmer knyght. Jested and

laughed howe that Fraunces kepte the Englishemans wyfe,

saiyng that if they had the Mayres wyfe of London, they

would kepe her : syr Thomas sayed. Sirs you have to muche

favour in England. There were diverse Englishe merchauntes

by, and hearde them laugh and were not content, in so muche

as one William bolt a Mercer sayed, wel you whoreson

Lombardes, you rejoyse and laugh, by the masse we will

one daye have a daye at you, come when it wyll, and that

saiynge the other merchauntes affirmed. This tale was

reported aboute London, and the younge and eveU disposed

people sayed, they woulde be revenged on the merchaunte

straungers, aswell as on the artificers straungers. On

Monday "the morow after, the kyng removed to hys maner

of Rychemonde.

THE IX. YERE.

UPON this rumour the xxviii. daye of Apr ill, diverse
•younge men of the citie assauted the Alyens as they
passed by the stretes, and some were striken, and
some buffeted, and some throwen in the canel. Wherfore
the Mayre sent diverse persons to ward, as Stephyn Studley
skynner, and Bettes and Stephenson and diverse other, some
to one counter, and some to another, and some to Newgate.
Then sodeynly was a commen secret rumour, and no man

could

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King Henry the VIII.

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could tell how it began, that on May daye next, the citie
would rebell and slaye all Aliens, in so muche as diverse
straungers fled oute of the citie. This brute ranne so
farre that it came to the kinges counsail, insomuch as the
Cardinall beyng lord Chauncelour, sent for Jhon Rest Mayi-e
of the citie, and other of the counsayl of the citie, and
demaunded of the Mayre in what case the citie stode, to
whome he aunswered that it was wel and in good quyet :
Nay sayd the Cardinall, it is informed us that your young
and ryotous people wyll ryse and distresse the straungiers,
heare ye of no such thing ? No surely sayd the Mayre, and
I trust so to governe them that the kynges peace shalbe
observed, and that I dare undertake yf I and my brethren
the Aldermen may be suffered. Wel said the Cardinal, go
home and wisely forsee this matter, for and yf any suche
thing be, you may shortly prevent it. The Mayre came
from the Cardinals at iiii. of the clocke at after none on
May even, and demaunded of the officers what they harde,
diverse of them aunswered that the voyce of the people was
so, and had ben so ii. or iii. dayes before. This heryng the
Mayre sent for al his brethren to the Guylde hall in great
hast, and almost vii. of the clocke or the assemble was set.
Then was declared to them by Master broke the recorder
how that the kynges counsail had reported to them that the
comminaltie that night would ryse, and distresse al the Aliens
and straungers that inhabited in the citie of London : the
Aldermen aunswered they harde say so, but they mistrusted
not the matter, but yet they sayd that it was wel done to
forsee it. Then sayd the recorder, it were best that a sub-
stancial watche were set of honest persons, housholders,
whiche might withstand the evell doers. An Alderman
sayde, that it was evell to rayse men in barneys, for if suche
a thinge were entended, they coulde not tel who woulde
take their parte. Another Alderman sayd, that it were best
to kepe the younge men asonder, and every man to shut in
hys doores, and to kepe hys servauntes within. Then with
these opinions was the Recorder sent to the Cardinal before
viii. of the clocke, and then he with suche as were of the
kynges counsayll at his place, commaunded that in no
wyse watche shoulde be kept, but that every man shoulde
repay re to his awne house, and there to kepe hym and
hys servauntes tyl vii. of the clocke of the mornynge :

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with whiche commaundement, the sayde Rycharde brooke
sergeaunt at the lawe and recorder, and syr Thomas Moore,
late undershrife of London, and then of the kynges coun-
saillj came to the Guylde hall halfe houre and before ix. of
the clocke, and there shewed the commaundement, of the
kynges counsayl. Then in aU hast, every Aldermen sent to
his warde that no man should styrre after ix. of the clocke
out of his house, but to kepe his doores shut, and hys
servauntes within tyll vii. of the clocke in the mornynge.
After this commaundement, syr Jhon Mondy Alderman
came from his warde, and founde two young men in Chepe
plaiynge at Buckerels, and a great company of young men
lokynge on them for the commaundement was then skace
knowen, for then it was but ix. of the clocke. Master
Mondy seyng that, bade them leave, and the one younge
man asked hym why ? and then he sayd thou shalt know,
and toke hym by the arme to have had him to the counter.
Then all the young men resisted the Alderman, and toke
him from master Mondy, and cryed prentyses and clubbes.
Then out at every doore came clubbes and weapons and the
Alderman fled, and was in great daungier. Then more
people arose out of every quarter, and oute came servynge
men, and water men and Courtiers, and by a xi. of the
clocke there were in Chepe vi. or vii. hundreth. And oute
of Paules churcheyarde came iii. hundreth, whiche wist not
of the other, and so out of all places they gathered, and
brake up the counteryes, and tooke out the prisoners, that
the Mayre had thether committed for hurtynge of the
straungers, and came to Newgate and tooke out Studley and
Petyt, committed thether for that cause. The Mayre and
Shrifes were there present, and made Proclamacion in the
kynges name, but nothynge was obeyed. Thus they ranne
a plump thorow sainct Nycholas Shambels, and at saynct
Martyns gate, there met with them syr Thomas Moore and
other, desyrynge theym to go to their lodgynges : And as
they were intreatyng, and had almost brought them to a
staye : The people of saynct Martynes threwe oute stones
and battes, and hurte dyverse honest persones, that were
perswadynge the ryotous people to ceasse, and they bade
theim holde their handes, but still they threwe oute bryckes
and hoate water. Then a sergeaunt of Armes called
Nycholas dounes, whiche was there with master Moore,

entreatynge

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entreatynge them, beynge sore hurt, in a fury cryed doune
with them. Then all the misruled persons ranne to the
doores and wyndowes of saynct Martyn, and spoyled all
that they founde, and caste it into the strete, and lefte fev/e
houses unspoyled. And after that they ranne hedlynge into
Cornehill by Leaden hal, to the house of one Mutuas a
Frencheman or Pycardy borne, whiche was a greate bearer
of Frenchemen, were they pyckpursses, or howe evell dis-
posicion soever they were of, and within hys gate, called
Grenegate, dwelled dyverse Frenchmen that kalendred
Worsted, contrary to the kynges lawes : and al thei were
so borne out by the same Mutuas, that no man durst medle
with them, wherfore he was sore hatet, and yf the people
had found hym in their fury, they would have striken of his
head : but when they found hym not, the water men, and
certeyn young priestes that were there fell to riflynge :
some ranne to Blanchechapelton, and brake the straungers
houses, and threwe shooes and bootes into the strete : This
from X. or xi. of the clocke, continued these ryotous people,
durynge whiche tyme a knight called syr Thomas parr, in
great hast went to the Cardinall and tolde him of thys ryot,
which incontinent strengthened his house with men and
ordinaunce. And after, this knight roade to the king to
Richemond, and made the report much more then it was :
Wherfore the king hastely sent to London, and was truly
advertised of the matter, and how that the ryot was ceassed,
and many of the doers apprehended. But while this ruffling
continued, syr Richard Cholmeley knight, Lieutenaunt of
the Towre, no great frende to the citie, in a frantyke
fury losed certayn peces of ordinaunce, and shot into the
citie, whiche did litle harme, howbeit his good wyl apered.
About iii. of the clocke, these ryotous persons severed and
went to their places of resorte, and by the waye they were
taken by the Mayre and the heddes of the citie, and some
sent to the Towre, and some to Newgate, and some to the
Counters, to the number of iii. C. some fled, and specially
the watermen and priestes, and servyng men, but the poore
prentises were taken. About fyve of the clocke, the erles
of Shrewesbury and Surrey, whiche had harde of this ryot,
came to London with suche strength as they had, so dyd the
Innes of court, and diverse noble men : but or they came,
all the ryot was ceased, and many taken as you have heard.

Then

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Then were the prisoners examined, and the sermon of
docter Bele called to remembraunce, and he taken and sent
to the Towre, and so was Jhon Lyncoln : but with this ryot
the Cardinal! was sore displeased. Then the iiii. day of
May was an Oyer and determiner at London before the
Mayre, the duke of NorfFolke, the erle of Surrey and other.
The citie thought that the duke bare them grudge for a
lewde priest of his, which the yere before was slayn in Chepe,
in so much the duke then in his fury sayd, I pray God
I may once have the citezens in my daungier : and the duke
also thought that they bare him no good wil, wherfore he
came into the citie with xiii. C. men in barneys to kepe the
Oyer and determiner. And upon examinacion it could
never be proved of any metyng, gathering, talking or con-
venticle at any daye or tyme before that day, but that the
chauHce so happened without any matter prepensed of any
creature saving Lyncoln and never an honest person in
maner was taken but onely he. Then Proclamacions were
made that no women shoulde come together to bable and
talke, but all men should kepe their wyves in their houses.
All the stretes that were notable stode ful of harnessed men,
which spake many opprobrious wordes to the citezens, whiche
greved theim sore : and yf they woulde have bene revenged,
the other had had the worsse, for the citezens were ii. C.
to one : but lyke true subjectes they suffered paciently.

When the lordes were set, the prisoners were brought in
thorough the stretes tyed in ropes, some men, some laddes,
some chyldren of xiii. yere. There was a great mournyng
of fathers and frendes for their chyldren and kynsfolke,
Emong the prisoners many were not of the citie, some were
priestes, and some husbandmen and laborers, the whole
some of the prisoners were ii. C. Ixxviii. persons. The cause
of the treason was, because the kyng had amitie with all
Christen princes, that they had broken the truce and league,
contrary to the statute of kyng Henry the V. Of this
treason diverse were endited, and so for that tyme the lordes
departed. And the next day the duke came agayn, and the
erle of Surrey with ii. M. armed men, which kept the stretes.
When the Mayre, the duke, and the erle of Shrewsbury
and Surrey were set, the prisoners were arreigned, and xiii.
founde giltye of high treason, and adjuged to be hanged,
drawen and quartered, and for execucion wherof, were set

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up xi. payre of galowes in diverse places where the offences
were done, as at Algate, at Blanchechapelton, Gracious
strete. Leaden hal, and before every counter one, and at
Newgate, at s. Martens, at Aldrisgate, at Bishops gate.
This sight sore greved the people to se galowes set in the
kynges chamber. Then were the prysoners that were
judged, brought to the places of execucion, and executed
in most rigorous maner, for the lord Edmond haward sonne
to the duke of Northfolke, and knight Mershal shewed no
mercy, but extreme cruelty to the poore yongelinges in their
execucion, and likewise the dukes servauntes spake many
opprobrious wordes, some bad hange, some bad drawe, some
bad set the citie on fyer, but all was sufFred.

On Thursday the vii. day of May was Lyncoln, Shyrwyn,
and two brethren called Bets, and diverse other adjudged to
dye. Then Lyncoln said, my lordes, I meant well, for and
you knew the mischief that is ensued in this realme by
straungers, you would remedy it, and many tymes I have
complained, and then I was called a busy felow : now our
lord have mercy on me. Then all the sayd persons were
layd on the hardels, and drawen to the standarde in Chepe,
and first was Jhon Lyncoln executed, and as the other had
the rope about their neckes, there came a commaundement
from the kyng to respite execucion. Then the people cried,
God save the king. Then was the Oyer and determiner
deferred tyll another daye, and the prisoners sent agayn to
warde, and the harnessed men departed oute of London, and
all thynges quyet.

The xi. daye of Maye the kynge came to his maner of
Grenewiche, where the recorder of London and diverse Alder-
men came to speake with his grace, and al ware gounes of
black coloure. And when they perceaved the king comming
out of his privie chambre into his chambre of presence, they
kneled doune, and the recorder sayd : Our most natural,
beninge and sovereigne lorde, we knowe well that your
grace is displeased with us of your citie of London for the
great ryot late done : we assertein your grace that none
of us, nor no honest person were condiscendynge to that
enormitie, and yet we, oure wyfes and chyldren every houre
lament that your favour shoulde be taken from us, and for-
asmuche as light and ydle persones were the doers of the
same, we moost humbly beseche your krace to have mercy

of

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of us for our negligence, and compassion of the ofFendours
for their offence and trespasse.

Truly sayd the kyng, you have highly displeased and
offended us, and ye oughte to wayle and be sory for the
same, and where ye saye that you the substanciall persons
were not consentyng to the same, it appereth to the con-
trary, for you never moved to let theim, nor sturred once
to fyght with theim, whiche you saye were so small a nombre
of light persones, wherefore we must thynke, and you can-
not deny, but you dyd wyncke at the matter, but at this
tyme we wyll graunt to you neither our favor nor good will,
nor to thofFenders mercy, but resort to the Cardinall our
lord Chauncelour, and he shal make you an answer and
declare our pleasure, and with this answer the londoners
departed and made relacion to the Maior.

The xviii. day of this moneth the quene of Scottes, which
had bene at the Courte and at Baynardes Castell, a whole
yere at the kynges charge, and was richely apoynted of all
thinges mete to her estate, both of Jewells, plate, tapissry,
Arras, Coyne, Horsses, and all other thinges of the kynges
gift and liberalitie, departed out of London toward Scotland
with great ryches, albeit she came into Englande with niuche
povertie, and she entred into Scotland the xiii. daye of Juyn,
whome her husband receaved at Berwick : but the Englishe-
men smaUy hym regarded. All her charges within the
realme, comminge to the courte and returnynge, were of
the kynges pursse.

Thursdaye the xxii. day of May the kynge came into
Westmynster hall, for whome at the upper ende was set a
clothe of estate, and the place hanged witlji Arras, with him
was the Cardinal!, the dukes of Northfolke and SufFolke,
the erles of Shrewsbury, of Essex and Wilshyre, of Surrey,
with many lordes and other of the kynges counsaill. The
Mayre and Aldermen, and al the chief of the citie were
there In their best livery (according as the Cardinall had
them apoynted) by ix. of the clock. Then the kynge com-
maunded that al the prisoners should be brought foorth.
Then came in the poore younglinges and olde false knaves
bounde in ropes all along, one after another in their shertes,
and every one a halter about his neck, to the number of iiii.
C. men and xi. women. And when all were come before
the kinges presence, the Cardinal sore layed to the Mayre

and

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and comminaltie their negligence, and to the prisoners he
declared that thei had deserved death for their oiFence :
Then al the prisoners together cryed mercy gracious lord,
mercy. Then the lordes altogether besought his grace of
mercy, at whose request the kyng pardoned them al. And
then the Cardinal gave unto them a good exhortacion to the
great gladnes of the herers. And when the generall pardon
was pronounced, all the prisoners shouted at once, and al-
together cast up their halters into the hal roffe, so that the
king might perceave thei were none of the discretest sorte.
Here is to be noted that diverse offenders which were not
taken, hering that the king was inclined to mercy came wel
appareled to Westmynster, and sodeynly stryped them into
their shertes with halters, and came in emong the prisoners
willingly, to be partakers of the kynges pardon, by the
whiche , doyng, it was well knowen that one Jhon Gelson
yoman of the Croune, was the first that began to spoyle,
and exhorted other to dooe the same, and because he fled
and was not taken, he came in the rope with the other
prisoners, and so had his pardon. This compaignie was
after called the blacke Wagon. Then were all the galowes
within the citee taken doune, and many a good praier sayed
for the kyng, and the citezens toke more hede to their
servauntes.

In June the kyng had with hym diverse Ambassadors, for
solace of whom he prepared a costly Justes, he hymself and
xii. agaynst the duke of Suffolk and other xii. his base and
bard was the one halfe clothe of silver, and the other halfe
blacke TinseU. On the silver was a curious lose worke of
white velvet embraudered with Golde, cut on the Silver and
every cut engrayled with golde, so that that side was golde,
Silver and velvet. On the blacke tynsell syde was blacke
velvet enbroudered with golde and cut, and every cut was
engrayled wtth flat gold of Damaske. The base and barde
wer broudered with greate letters of massy golde BuUion,
full of pearles and stones, merveylous riche : al his com-
paignie wer in like suite, saving that they had no juelles.
The kyng had on his hed a ladies sieve full of Diamondes.
On the kyng attended gentlemen, Armourers, and other
officiers to the nomber of Cxxv. persones all in white Velvet
and white Sattyn, horse and harneis for horsemen. Cappes
and Hosen for footemen, all white at the kinges cost. This

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royally the kyng and his compaignie with his waiters came
to the tiltes ende.

Then entered the Duke of Suffolke with the Marques
Dorcet, the Erles of Essex and Surrey, and viii. other of his
bande, in bardes and bases of white Velvet and crimosin
sattin losenged, set full of letters of C. M. of gold, for
Charles and Mary, and thei toke the other ende of the tilt.
Then the Trompettes blewe, and the Kyng and the Duke
ranne fiercely together, and Ijrake many speres, and so did
all the other, that it was harde to saic who did best : but
when the courses were ronne, they ranne volant one at an-
other, so that bothe by the reporte of sir Edwarde Gylforde
Master of the Armury, and also of the Judges and Heraldes,
at these Justes wer broken five hundred and sixe speres :
and then the kyng the same night made to the Ambas-
sadors a sumpteous banket, with many ridelles and muche
pastyme.

After this greate triumphe, the king appointed his gestes
for his pastyme this Sommer, but sodeinly there came a
plague of sickenes, called the Swetyng sickenes, that turned
all his purpose. This malady was so cruell that it killed
some within three houres, some within twoo houres, some
mery at diner and dedde at supper. Many died in the
kynges Courte, the Lorde Clinton, the Lorde Grey of
Wilton, and many knightes. Gentlemen and officiers. For
this plague Mighelmas terme was adjourned, and because
that this malady continued from July to the middes of
December, the kyng kept hymself ever with a small com-
paignie, and kept no solempne Christmas, wUlyng to have
no resort for feare of infeccion : but muche lamented the
nombre of his people, for in some one toune halfe the people
died, and in some other toune the thirde part, the Sweate
was so fervent and infeccious.

THE X. YERE.

IN the beginning of this yere, Trinite terme was begon
at Oxenford, where it continued but one day, and was
again adjourned to Westminster. This yere came to
Calice from Pope Leo, a legate de latere, called Laurence
Campeius, commonly called the Cardianall Campeius, for to

exhorte

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exhorte the kyng to make warre on the Turke. And like-
wyse the sayed Leo sent iii. other legates furth, at that tyme
for the said purpose, one into Fraunce, another into Spain,
and the third into Germany.

When the Cardinall of Yorke knewe, that there was com-
myng a legate into Englande, whiche should have a greater
preheminence then a Cardinall, he whose ambicion was never
satisfied, caused a BIshoppe and certain Docters to passe the
Sea to Calice to welcome hym, and to shewe hym that yf
he would have the Popes purpose to take any efFecte in
Englande, he should in any wyse sende in poste to Rome,
to have the saied Cardinall of Yorke to be legate also, and
to be joyned in commission with hym, whiche thing was
doen, (not without good rewardes) so that in thirtie and
five daies, the bull was broughte to Calice, Duryng whiche
tyme the Cardinall of Yorke sent to the I^egate to Calice,
redde cloth to clothe his servauntes, whiche at their com-
myng to Calice, were but meanely appareled. And when
all thinges were ready, he passed the sea and landed at
Dover, and so kept furthe his jorney toward London. At
every toune as thei passed, he was received with Procession,
and accompaignied with all the Lordes and gentlemen of
Kent. And when he came to Black heth, ther met hym the
Duke of NorfFolke, with a great nomber of prelates, knightes
and gentlemen, all richely appareled. And in the waie he
was brought into a riche tente of clothe of golde, where
he shifted himself into a robe of a Cardinall, edged with
Ermyns, and so toke his Moyle ridyng toward London.

The night before he came to London, the Cardinall of
Yorke, to furnishe the carriages of the Cardinall Campeius,
sent to him twelve mulettes with emptie Cofers covered with
redde, whiche twelve Mulettes wer led through London,
emongest the Mulettes of Campeius, which were but eight
and so these xx. Mulettes passed through the stretes, as
though thei had been full of treasures, apparel! , and other
necessaries. And when they came into Chepe, one of the
Mulettes brake from her keper, and overthrewe the Chestes,
and overturned twoo or three other Mulettes cariages, whiche
fell with suche a violence, that diverse of theim unlocked,
and out of some fell olde Hosen, broken Shoen, and roasted
Fleshe, peces of Breade, Egges and muche vyle baggage : at
whiche sighte the Boyes cryed, see, see my Lorde Legates

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King Henry the VIII.

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treasure, and so the Muleters wer asshamed, and tooke up
all their stuffe and passed furth. And about thre of the
clock at after none on the xxix. day of July the said legate
entred the citie, and in Sothwarke met him all the clergie of
London, with crosses, sensers and copes and sensed him
with great reverence. The Maior and Aldermen, and all
the occupacions of the citee in their best liveries stode in
the stretes, and hym hyghly honored : to whom sir Thomas
More made a brief oracion in the name of the citee. And
when he cam to Paules, ther he was received by bishops
mitred, and under a canapy entred the churche : whiche
canapy his servauntes toke for their fees. And when he had
oflfred, he gave his benediccion to al the people, and toke
again his mule, and so was with al his train aforsaid, con-
veighed to Bathe place, and there rested : where he was
welcomed of the Cardinall of Yorke. And on Sondaie next
ensuyng these twoo Cardinalles as legates, toke their barges
and came to Grenewiche, eche of them had beside their
crosses two piUers of silver, two litle axes gUte, and two
cloke bagges embroudered, and the cardinalles hattes borne
before them. And when they came to the kynges haU, the
Cardinall of Yorke went on the right hande : and there the
king royally appareled and accompaignied, met them even
as though bothe had come from Rome, and so brought them
bothe up into his chamber of presence, and there was a
solempne oracion made by an Italian, declaryng the cause
of the legacy to be in twoo articles, one for aide agaynst
Gods enemies, and the second for reformacion of the
Clergie. And when Masse was doen, they were had to a
chamber, and served with lordes and knightes, with muche
solempnitie : and after dinner they toke their leave of the
kyng and came to London, and rode through the citee
together, in greate pompe and glory to their lodgynges.

When the Cardinall of Yorke was thus a legate, he set up
a court, and called it the court of the legate, and proved
testamentes, and hard causes to the great hinderaunce of all
,the bishops of the realme. He visited bisshopes and all
the Clergie, exempt and not exempt, and under colour
of reformacion he gat muche treasure, and nothyng was
reformed, but came to more mischief: for by example of
his pride, priestes and al spiritual persones wexed so proude,
that thei ware velvet, and silke, bothe in gounes, jackettes,

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doblettes, and shoes, kept open lechery, and so highly bare
themselfes by reason of his aucthorities and faculties, that no
man durst once reprove any thing in them, for feare to bee
called heretike, and then thei would make hym smoke or
beare a faggot. And the Cardinall hym self was so elated
that he thought hymself egall with the kyng : and when he
had said Masse he made dukes and erles to serve him of wyne
with a say taken, and to holde the bason at the lavatories.
Thus the pride and ambicion of the Cardinal and clergie
was so high, that in maner al good persons abhorred and
disdeined it.

This yere the French kyng wrote to the kyng of England,
that if it were his pleasure, he would send an ambassade
into England, to common with the kyng and his counsaill
for the redemyng of the citee of Turney and other thynges :
whiche answered the messenger, that the ambassade of the
Frenche kynge should be right hartely welcome to him.
And so the French kyng sent into England the lorde
Bonevet, hygh Admyrall of Fraunce, and the bishop of
Parys as chiefe Ambassadors, acco'mpanyed with many noble
men, and young freshe galantes of the courte of Fraunce, to
the numbre of Ixxx. and more, and with them came a great
numbre of rascal and pedlers, and Juellers, and brought over
hattes and cappes, and diverse merchaundise uncustomed, all
under the coloure of the trussery of the Ambassadours.

After that these noble men were landed at Dover, thei
were receaved by the nobles and gentelmen of the countrey,
and so conveyghed from lodgyng to lodgynge tyll they came
to Blackheth, and before them went their cariages and people
in great numbre, to the summe of xii. C. one and other,
whiche was thought to be to many for an Ambassade. These
gentlemen of Fraunce were very freshe.

Monday the xxvii. day of September, the erle of Surrey
hygh Admyrall of Englande, in coate of riche tyssue cut on
cloth of silver, on a great courser richely trapped, and a
great whistell of gold, set with stones and perle, hangyng at
a great and massy chayne baudryck wise, accompanyed with
an C. xl. gendemen, rychely appareled, on goodly horsses
came to blackheth, and there amiably receaved the Ambas-
sadors of Fraunce. The young galantes of Fraunce had
coates garded with one colour, cut in x. or xii. partes very
richely to beholde : and so al the Englishmen accoupled

them

King Henry the VIII.

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them selves with the Frenchmen, lovingly together, and so
roade to London. After the ii. Admyrals folowed xxiiii.
of the Frenche kynges garde whome accompanyed xxiiii. of
the kynges garde. And after them a great numbre of
arches, to the numbre of iiii. C. And in this order they
passed thorough the citie to Taylers hal, and there the chiefe
Ambassadors were lodged, and the remnaunt in marchauntes
houses about. When these lordes were in their lodgynges,
then the' French harder men opened their wares, and made
the Taylers hal lyke to the paunde of a marte. At this
doynge many an Englishman grudged, but it availed not.
The last day of September, the French Ambassadors toke
their barge, and came to Grenewiche. The Admyrall was
in a goune of cloth of silver raysed, furred with ryche
Sables, and al his company almost were in a new fassion
garment, called a Shemew, which was in effect a goune cut
in the middle. The gentlemen of Fraunce were brought to
the kynges presence, wher the bishop of Parys made a
solempne oracion : which beyng ended, and aunswer made
therto, the kyng highly entreteyned the Admirall and his
company, and so dyd afi the English lordes and gentelmen.
The Ambassadours beyng dayly in counsayl at Grenewiche,
the other gentlemen daunced and passed the tyme in the
quenes chambre with ladies and gentlewomen. After long
counsaUing and muche desyring of the French kyng and his
counsayll, it was agreed that the citie of Tourney should be
delivered to the Frenche kynge, he payenge vi. hundred
thousande crounes for the citie, and iiii. hundred thousand
crounes for the Castel, the which the kyng had buylded, but
it was not fuUy performed : and also he should pay xxii.
M. 1. Tournies, the whiche summe the citezens of the citie
of Turney ought to the kyng of England for their liberties
and fraunchises.

Upon these agrementes to be^performed, it was concluded
that the citie of Tourney should be delivered to the French
kyng. The Frenchemen the soner to come to their pur-
pose, made a pretence of mariage to be had betwene the
Dolphyn, sonne and heyre to the Frenche kyng and the
lady Mary the kynges daughter, which was agreed upon
this condicion, that if they both consented at lawful age,
then to be ferme and stable, or els not : for then they were
both very young. And so all matters were concluded, and

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the erle of Worcester and the bishop of Ely apoynted to go
into Fraunce for the delivery of the citie of Tourney, and
performyng of the other agrementes. And for the sure
payment of the summes of money to be payde to the kyng
of England upon the sayd agrementes, there were iiii. gentel-
men of the realme of Fraunce left in Englande for hostages :
whose names were Mounsire Memorancy, Mounsire Mon-
pesart, Mounsire Moy, Mounsire Morret. Of the whiche
the ii. fyrst named were of noble blood, but the ii.

nn

were

last were but of meane houses. And because they
young, there was auncient gentelmen, apoynted governours
to them.

When all thinges were concluded and sealed, the kyng and
all the Ambassadours richely appareled and the ii. legates,
roade solemply to the church of sainct Paul from the bishop
of Durhams place : and there was made from the West
doore to the quere doore of the churche egall with the
highest step, a hautepace of tymber of xii. fote broade, that
the kyng and the Ambassadors might be sene. And there
the Cardinall of Yorke sange hygh masse, and had hys
cloth of estate of Tyssue : hys Cupboord set with basons all
gilt covered : his place was v. steppes high. At the first
lavatory, iii. Erles served him, and at the second ii. dukes
and a Marques, and with the saye taken, they gave hym
wyne, and after water. And when masse was done, the
Cardinal Campeius and he gave to the people (as they sayd)
cleane remission. And after that done, doctor Pace the
kynges secretory, a man very eloquent, made a goodly
Oracion in prayse of peace : and that done, the kyng and
all his nobles and Ambassadors went to the Bishops palace
to dynner, where they were highly feasted. And after
dynner the kynge roade agayne to the bishop of Durhams
place.

That night the Cardinall of Yorke made to the Ambas-
sadors a solempne banket, and them accompanied many
lordes and ladyes of Englande. And when the banket was
done, in came vi. mynstrels, richely disguysed, and after
them folowed iii. gentelmen in wyde and long gounes of
Crymosyn sattyn, every one havyng a cup of golde in their
handes, the first cup was ful of Angels and royals, the
second had diverse bales of dyce, and the iii. had certayn
payres of Cardes. These gentelmen offered to playe at

monchaunce.

King Henry the VIII.

171

monchaunce, and when they had played the length of the
first boorde, then the mynstrels blew up, and then entred
into the chambre xii. ladyes disguysed, the fyrst was the
kyng him selfe and the French quene, the second the
duke of SufFolke, the lady Dawbeny, the lord Admirall
and the lady Guyldford syr Edward Nevel, and the lady
Sentliger, syr Henry Guyldford, and mastres Walden, Capi-
tayn Emery, and mastres Anne Carew, syr Giles Capel, and
lady Elizabeth Carew, Nycholas Carew, and Anne broune,
Fraunces Brian and Elizabeth Blont, Henry Norrys and
Anne wotton, Fraunces poyntz and Mary fyenes, Arthure
poole and Margaret Bruges. On this company attended xii.
knightes disguysed, bearing torches all these xxxvi. persons
disguysed were in one suyte of fyne grene satyn all over-
covered with clothe of golde, under tyed together with laces
of gold, and maskyng whoodes on their heddes : the ladyes
had tyers made of braydes of dammaske gold, with long
heres of white gold. Al these maskers daunced at one
tyme, and after they had daunced, they put of their vizers,
and then they were all knowen. The Admyral and lordes
of Fraunce hartely thanked the kyng, that it pleased hym
to viset them with such disport and then the kyng and his
company were banketed, and had high chere, and then they
departed every man to hys lodgynge.

The viii. day of October at Grenewiche was song a
solempne masse by the bishop of Durham, and after masse
doctor Tunstal master of the RoUes, which after was bishop
of London, made an eloquent preposicion in praise of the
matrimony to be had betwene the Dolphyn and the lady
Mary : and all that day were the straungers feasted, and at
night they were brought into the hall, where was a rock ful
of al maner of stones, very artificially made, and on the top
stood V. trees, the first an Olive tree, on which hanged a shild
of the armes of the church of Rome : the ii. a Pyneaple tree,
with the armes of the Emperour : the iii. a Roysyer with
the armes of England : the iiii. a braunche of Lylies, bearing
the armes of Fraunce : and the v. a Pomegranet tree, bearing
the armes of Spayn : in token that al these v. potentates
were joined together in one league against the enemies of
Christes fayth. In : and upon the middes of the Rock sate a
fayre lady, richely appareled with a Dolphin in her lap. In
this Rocic were ladies and gentelmen, appareled in Crimo-

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syn sattyn, covered over with floures of purple satyn,
embroudered on with wrethes of gold knyt together with
golden laces, and on every floure a hart of gold moving.
The ladies tyer was after the fassion of Inde, with kerchiefes
of pleasaunce, hached with fyne gold, and set with letters of
Greke in golde of bullion : and the edges of their kerchiefes
were garnished with hanging perle. These gentlemen and
ladyes sate on the neyther parte of the Rocke, and out of a
cave in the said Rock came x. knightes, armed at all poyntes,
and faughte together a fayre tournay. And when they were
severed and departed, the disguysers dissended from the
rock, and daunced a great space : and sodeynly the rocke
moved and receaved the disguysers, and ymediatly closed
agayn. Then entred a person called Reaport, appareled in
Crymosyn satyn full of tonges, sitting on a flyeng horse with
wynges and fete of gold called, Pegasus. Thys person in
Frenche declared the meaning of the rocke and the trees,
and the Tournay.

After this pastyme ended, the kyng and the Ambassadours
were served at a bancket with ii. C. and Ix. dyshes : and after
that a voydee of spyces with Ix. spice plates of silver and
gilt, as great as men with ease might beare. This nyght
the Cupboord in the hall was of xii. stages all of plate of
golde and no gilt plate. When that every man had ben
plenteously served, the tables y(erc taken up, and the kynge
and the quene and all the straungiers departed to their
lodginges. After diverse Justes and feastes made, the sayd
Ambassadors by the kynge and lordes : Syr Thomas Exmew
Mayre of London, made to them a costly dynner at the
Goldsmythes hall, which dynner they highly praysed, it was
so well ordred.

And when tyme came, they toke their leave of the kyng,
the quene and the kynges counsaill, and delivered into the
kynges possession their iiii. hostages as you have harde
before : at whiche departing the kyng gave to the Admyral
of Fraunce a garnishe of gilt vessel, a payre of covered
basons gilt xii. great gilt bolles, iiii, payre of great gilt
pottes, a standing cup of gold, garnished with great perle :
and to some other also, he gave plate, to some Cheynes of
gold, to some riche apparel, and to some greate horses with
ryche bardes, so that every gentelman was well rewarded :
which liberalitie the straungers much praised : and after that

al

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al their trusses were ready they departed toward the sea, and
toke ship and landed at Boleyn.

Sone after their departing, the erle of Worcester, beyng
the kynges chamberlayn. The bishop of Ely, the lord of
s. Jhons, syr Nicholas vaux, syr Jhon pechy, syr Thomas
buUeyn as Ambassadours from the kyng of Englande, accom-
panyed with Ixx. knightes and Gentelmen and yomen, to
the number of iiii. C. and above passed the sea with some
stormes, and came to Calys, and passed thorough Picardy
with great and kynde entreteynment in all places, till they
came to Parys, where they were nobly receaved, every man
matched with a lyke pere : and after they were brought
to the Frenche kynges presence, where the bishop of Ely
made a solempne oracion, as concerning the mariage and the
peace : he did it with suche a bolde spirite that the Frenche-
men muche praysed his audacitie.

The conclusion of this peace was this, that Henry king of
England, Fraunces kyng of Frenchemen, and Charles kynge
of Castel had sworne a perpetuall peace, duryng their ly ves.
And yf it shoulde happen any of the iii. to vyolate the
league in any poynt and to move warre : then the other ii.
should joyne together, and make warre agaynst the violater
or breaker of the peace.

After al thinges concluded, the French king made a
banket house in the bastill of Parys ^betwene iiii. olde waUes :
this house was covered with coardes strayned by craft, and
every coarde was wound aboute with boxe, and so layd
crosse wise one over a nother in fret, and at the metynges
a great knop gilt with gold foyle : Over their coardes was
streyned woUen clothes of light blew : this roofe was Ixxx.
fote high, and on every side iii. stages high : al the pillers
of the stages were covered with antique workes, and the
brestes of the stages curiously wrought with armes, fynettes
and braunches : the roofe was set full of starres gilt furnished
with glasses betwene the fretes : and in this house was ii. C.
xii. braunches gilt hanged, and on every braunche a great
numbere of lightes of white waxe : and divers sortes of
maskes were shewed that night: and also there was shewed
at every side of the palace a great Cupboord of massive plate
of muche greatnesse, and ever the French kyng welcommed
the lordes and Ambassadours with good countenaunce.
After diverse feastes, justes and bankettes made to the

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The maner of
the delyvery
of Tournay.

Englishe Ambassadours the byshop of Ely with syr Thomas
BuUeyn and sir Rychard Weston were sent by the Frenche
kyng to Konyack to see the dolphyn, where they were well
receaved, and to thelm was shewed a fayre young chylde :
and when they had sene hym, they departed. The fame
went that the Frenche kyng at that tyme had no sonne, but
that this was but a colour of the Frenche kyng, howbeit it
was proved otherwise after.

In this ceason the Earle of Worcettre, and with hym
sir Nicholas Vaux, sir Jhon Pechy, syr Edward Belknap
with many other knightes toke their leave of the Frenche
kyng, and roade to Tourney, where they were well received.
Then began the Capitaynes and the souldiours to mourne,
knowyng that the toune should be yelded to the Frenche
kyng, and many a young gentelman, and many a tall yoman
wished that they had not spent their tyme there. And the
next day after, the sayd earle discharged sir Richarde Jer-
nyngham of his office of capitayne and commaunded every
man to be obedient to the kynges pleasure and to prepare to
returne into England. The eight day of February the lord
Chatilion came nere to the citie of Tournay with xxi. hun-
dreth men in barneys. The erle of Worcettre sent sir
Edward Belknap to knowe his commission, and there he
sheued hym his commission, whiche was to receive the citie
of Tourney. Then sir Edward Belknap desired hym too
sende his commission to the earle of Worcettre, whiche he
refused to do, saiyng it was sufficient to shewe it : well sayd
sir Edwarde Belknap you must understande that we have a
commission from the kyng our master to deliver you the
citie at a day appointed : wherfore we must shewe the kyng
of Englande both your commission that you had aucthoritie
to receive it from the Frenche kyng, and also that you by
your indenture sealed with your seale of armes shall confesse
that you receive the citie as a gift, and not rendred as a right
to the kyng your master, or els be you sure that the citie
shall not be delivered. Then the lorde Chastileon was
wonderous wroth that he was no better beleved : And so
dayly were great messages sent to the citie from him to the
erle of Worcetter, and aunswers were sent of the Englishe
part. But when the day approched he had full aunswere that
he must deliver his commission and also seale the indenture,
or els the Englishmen would not put him in possession of

the

King Henry the VIII.

175

the toune, for their commission was otherwise. The Frenche
capitaines perceaving that yf they disagreed at the daye, that
doubles might folowe, wherfore they sent their commission
and sealed their indenture and sent it likewyse in the mor-
nyng, and came forward with their banners displayed :
whereof hering the earle, he sent woord that the cytie
was neither yelded nor gotten, but delivered for confedera-
cion of mariage, and therfore thei should not entre with
banners displaied. Then were the Frenchmen angry, but
there was no remedy but to rolle up their standerdes and
banners. And when thei came to the gates, there their
commission and Indenture were solemply red openly : and
then the Frenchemen entred with drumslades and minstrelsy
without any banner : and then to Monsire Castileon was
delivered the CasteQ, and there he ordeined watche and
warde in every part. Thus was the cytie of Turnay de-
livered the eight dale of February in the x. yere of the
reigne of the kyng, and many a tall yoman that lacked
livyng fel to robbyng, which would not labor after their
returne.

Duryng this tyme remayned in the Frenche court Nicholas
Carew Fraunces Brian and diverse other of the young gen-
telmen of England and they with the Frenche kyng roade
daUy disguysed through Parys, throwyng Egges, stones and
other foolishe trifles at the people, whiche light demeanoure
of a kyng was muche discommended and gested at. And
when these young gentelmen came again into England, they
were all Frenche, in eatyng, drynkyng and apparell, yea, and
in Frenche vices and bragges, so that all the estates of Eng-
lande were by them laughed at : the ladies and gentelwomen
were dispraised, so that nothing by them was praised, but if
it were after the Frenche turne, whiche after turned them to
displeasure as you shall here.

After the kynges Ambassadors were returned, and Tour-
nay delivered to the Frenchemen upon the condicions afore-
said, the hostages that were here lefte for the paiment of
the great somes and performaunce of the condicions com-
prised in the league (of the whiche one was that if the
mariage toke none effect, then the citie of Turnay should
be redelivered upon repaiment of the same some) the saied
hostages knewe not in what case they stode, but when they
knewe it, they were very hevy and sorowful : howbeit, they

dissimuled

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A justes.

dissimuled the matter in the best wise thei could. The
kyng used familiarly these foure hostages, and on the vii.
daie of Marche prepared a disguilyng, and caused his great
chamber at Grenewyche to be staged and great lightes to be
set on pillers that were gilt, with basons gilt, and the rofe
was covered with blewe satyn set full of presses of fyne gold
and flowers : and under was written, lammes, the meanyng
wherof was, that the flower of youth could not be oppressed.
Into this chamber came the kyng and the quene with the
hostages, and there was a goodly commedy of Plautus plaied,
and that done, there entred into the chamber eight ladies in
blacke velvet bordred about with gold, with hoopes from the
wast dounward, and sieves ruffed and plited at the elbowe
and plain in the middes, full of cuttes, plucked out at every
cutte with fyne Camericke, and tired like to the Egipcians
very richely. And when these ladyes had passed aboute the
place, in came eight Noble personages in long gounes of
tafi^eta set with flowers of golde bullion, and under that
apparell cotes of blacke velvet enbroudered with golde all
to cut, and plucked out with cuttes of white sarcenet, and
every man had buskyns of blacke velvet full of agglettes of
golde. Then the eight men daunced with the eight ladies
all beyng viserd, and sodainly the men cast of their large
gounes, and then their under apparell was sene. And when
al was done, every lorde and lady put of their visers, and
then it was knowen that the kyng and the duke of Suffolk
and the French quene were there whiche were present at the
plaie tyme.

The viii. daie of Marche was a solempne Justes, the kyng
hymself and eight young gentelmen based and barded in
blacke Velvet embroudered with gold, against the duke of
Suffolk and eight of his bande al in white satyn with droppes
of golde. And that daie they all ranne exceadyng well,
whiche the straungers highly commended.

In the ende of Marche the kyng sent for all the yomen
of garde that were come from Tourney, and after many
good wordes geven to them, he graunted to them iiii. d.
the day without attendaunce, except thei were specially com-
maunded, and yet for all this the comminaltie said that the
kyng was evil counsailed to geve away the citie of Tour-
ney, because the mainteinyng of a garrison there should
have norished and brought up men and yonger brethren

in

King Henry the VIII.

177

in feates of warre to the great strength and defence of the
realme.

This yere the xii. daie of February died the Emperour
Maximilian, for whome the kyng caused a solempne Obsequy
to be done at Paules churche, all the nobles of the realme
and knightes of the Gartier beyng present, of whiche ordre
the saied Emperour was one.

THE XL YERE.

IN the beginnyng of this yere, the kyng with all the
knightes of his ordre beyng in Englande, roade on
double horsses, with the henxmen folowing the kyng,
from Colbroke to Winsore in gorgious apparel, and there he
-kept with greate solempnitie the feast of S. George, and
dined in the hall. And the byshop of Wynchester prelate
of the ordre sat at the boordes ende alone. The kyng was
solemply served and the surnap cast like the feast of a coro-
nacion. All thynges were plenteous to straungers that
resorted thether. At the masse of Requiem was offered
the banner and other hachementes of honor belonging to
Maximilian the Emperor late deceased. After this feast
ended, the kyng came to Richemond, and so to Grene-
wyche, and laie all Maie.

In whiche moneth the kynges counsaill secretly communed
together of the kynges gentlenes and liberalitie to all per-
sones : by the whiche they perceived that certain young men
in his privie chamber, not regardyng his estate nor degree,
were so familier and homely with hym, and plaied suche
light touches with hym that they forgat themselfes : Whiche
thynges although the king of his gentle nature suffred and
not rebuked nor reproved it : yet the kynges counsail
thought it not mete to be suffred for the kynges honor,
and therfore thei altogether came to the king, beseching
him al these enormities and lightnes to redresse. To whom
the kyng answered, that he had chosen them of his counsaill,
both for the maintenaunce of his honor, and for the defence
of all thyng that might blemishe the same : wherfore if they
sawe any about hym misuse theimselfes, he committed it to
their reformacion. Then the kynges counsaill caused the
lorde chamberlein to cal before them Carew (and another

who

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who yet liveth, and therfore shall not at this time be named)
with diverse other also of the privy chamber, whiche had
bene in the Frenche court, and banyshed them the courte
for diverse consideracions, laiyng nothing particulerly to
their charges. And they that had offices were commaunded
to go to their offices : whiche discharge out of the courte
greved sore the hartes of these young menne whiche were
called the kynges minions. Then was there foure sad and
auncient knightes, put into the kynges privie chamber,
whose names wer sir Richard Wingfeld, sir Richard Jer-
nyngham, sir Richard Weston and sir Willyam Kyngston :
and diverse officers were chaunged in al places.

Then sir Jhon Pechy was made deputie of Caleis, and sir
Rychard Wingfeld therof discharged, and Nicholas Carew
made capitain of Ricebanke and commaunded to go thether,
whiche was sore to hym displeasant. These young minions
which was thus severed from the kyng, had bene in Fraunce,
and so highly praised the Frenche kyng and his courte, that
in a maner they thought litle of the kyng and his court, in
comparison of the other, they were so high in love with the
Frenche court, wherefore their fall was litle moned emong
wise men.

This yere in the moneth of June was elected to be
Emperor Charles kyng of Castel, and nephew to the quene,
by the whole assent of the electors of thempire : Although
the Frenche kyng sent his great Master to cause hym to be
elected to the high majestie of the Empire : yet his ambas-
sador and great Master of his houshold called Gonffier lord
of Boisy, and brother to Willyam Gonfier lorde Bonevet
Admirall of Fraunce, whiche was Ambassadour of England
the last yere as you have hard, did not so his message that
it toke any effect. The kyng which had sent doctor Pace
his secretory for the avauncement of his nephewe the kyng
of Castell to the dignitie imperiall, because he had the duchie
of Ostrik and many other seigniories in Almain, was very
joyous of this eleccion, and caused a solempne Masse to be
song at Paules the viii. dale of July : at whiche Masse, was
present the Cardinall Campeius, the Cardinall of Yorke, the
Duke of Buckyngham, of Norffolk and Suffialk, with the
Ambassadors of Spain, Fraunce, Venice and Scotlande.
And after Masse was done, the quier sang Te deum, and
then all the lordes departed to Baynardes Castle to dinner,

and

King Henry the VIII.

179

and that night were solempne fiers made through London,
and great plenty of wine geven by Itahens, duchemen and
Spaniardes for these newes.

This sommer the quene desired the kyng to bryng to her
manour of Havering in the Bower in Essex, the gentelmen
of Fraunce being hostages. And for their welcommyng she
purveyed all thynges in the moste liberallest maner : and
especially she made to the kyng suche a sumpteous banket
that the kyng thanked her hartely, and the straungers gave
it great prayse. The king liyng there did shote, hunte, and
ronne dayly with the hostages to their greate joye.

This yere in September the kyng laie at his manour of
Newhall in Essex, otherwyse called BeauUeu, where the
kynge had newly buylded a costly mancion, and there to
welcome the quene and the Lordes, and the Frenche gentel-
men, he made to them a sumpteous banket, and all a long
the chamber sat a ladie and a lorde, or a knight, which were
plenteously served. And after the banket ended, with noise
of minstrelles entered into the chamber eight Maskers with
white berdes, and long and large garmentes of blewe satyn
pauned with Sipres, poudered with spangles of Bullion golde,
and they daunsed with ladies sadly, and communed not with
the ladies after the fassion of Maskers, but behatved theim-
selfes sadly. Wherfore the quene plucked of their visors,
and then appered the duke of Suffolk, the Erie of Essex, the
Marques Dorset, the lord Burgainy, sir Rychard Wyngfeld,
sir Robert Wyngfelde, sir Rychard Weston, sir Willyam
Kyngston : all these were somwhat aged, the youngest man
was fiftie at the least. The ladie^ had good sporte to se
these auncient persones Maskers. When they were de-
parted, the kyng and the foure hostages of fraunce, and
the erle of Devonshire with sixe other young Gentelmen
entered the chamber, the whiche sixe were all in yelowe
Sattyn, hosen, shoen, and cappes, and sixe other were in like
maner in Grene : the yelowe satyn was freted with silver of
damaske, and so was the grene very rychely to behold : and
then every Masker toke a ladie and daunsed : and when
they had daunsed and commoned a great while, their visers
were taken of, and the ladies knewe them, and there the
kyng gave many broches and proper giftes to the ladies.
And after this done, the quene . made a banket to the kyng
and his lordes and the other straungers.

In

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In the moneth of November, the kyng came from Lam-
beth to Westminster hal, and so to the starre chamber, and
there were before him the Lorde Ogle, the Lorde Haward,
sir Mathewe Broune, sir Willyam Bulmer, and Jhon Skot
of Camerwell, for diverse riottes, misdemeanours and
offences, and especially the kyng rebuked sir Willyam
Bulmer knight, because he beyng the kynges servaunt
sworne, refused the kynges service, and became servaunt
to the duke of Buckingham, saiyng : that he would none
of his servauntes should hang on another mannes sieve, and
that he was aswel able to maintein him as the duke of
Buckyngham, and that tvhat might be thought by his de-
partyng, and what myght bee supposed by the dukes
retaining, he would not then declare. The knight kneled
still on his knees criyng the kyng mercie, and never a
noble man there durst entreate for him, the king was so
highly displeased with him. Yet at the last when other
matters were hard, the kyng moved with pitie forgave the
saied sir Willyam his offence, saiyng, that we will that none
of our servauntes shalbe long to any other person, but to
us, nor we wil not that our subjectes repine or grudge at
suche as we favoure, for our pleasure we will have in that
cace as us liketh, for one we wil favor now and another at
suche tyme as us shall like : and therefore sir Willyam if
you serve us hartely, you shall not be forgotten, and for
this tyme we pardon you. Likewise he pardoned the lorde
Edmond Haward, and sir Mathew Browne their offences,
which were indicted of riottes, and mainteinaunce of bear-
ynges of diverse misdoers within the countie of Surrey :
but the lorde Ogle humbly beseched the kyng of his
mercie, to whom he aunswered. Sir your matter con-
cerneth murder of our subjecte, whiche greate offence is
not onely to us but to God, and therfore we remit you to
the common lawe. And then he rose and went to his barge,
and by the waie he made James Yarfford Maior of the Cytie
of London knyght, and so he with all his counsaill came to
Lambeth.

The iiii. gentelmen hostages of Fraunce, daily resorted to
the courte and had great chere, and were well enterteined,
and every tyme they moved, stirred and required the kyng
to passe the Sea, and to mete with the Frenche kyng their
Master, whom they preised hyghly, affirming that if the

kyng

King Henry the VIII.

i8i

kyng and he might once familierly common together, that
there should suche a constant love rise and encrease betwene
theim, whiche afterward should never faile. This request
was often tymes hard and litle regarded, but yet by the
meanes of the Cardinal! at the last, in the ende of February
it was agreed that the kyng in person, should passe the sea
to his castell and lordshyp of Guisnes, and there in Maie
next comming betwene Guisnes and Arde, the kyng and the
Frenche kyng should mete. When this was fully con-
cluded, the kyng wrote letters to all suche lordes, ladies,
gentelmen and Gentelwomen as should geve their attend-
aunce on hym and the quene : which incontinent put theim-
selfes in a redines after the mostc costliest fashion, for the
furniture of the same metyng.

Then were sent to Guysnes under the rule of sir Edwarde
Belknap three M. artificers, which buyldcd out of the yearth
on the playn before the castle of Guysnes, the most goodliest
palaice of timber that ever was wrought in the same place,
and so curiously garnished without and within. Beside this,
provisions were made within the realme of England and in
Flaunders for vitaill, wine and all other thynges necessary
for the same. And yet beside all this Orleaunce kyng of
armes of Fraunce came into the court of England and made
proclamacion, that the kyng of England and the French
kyng, in a campe betwene Arde and Guysnes with xviii.
aydes in June next ensuyng, should abyde all commers
beyng gentelmen, at the tylt, and torney, and at bariers, and
lyke proclamacion was made by Clarenseaux kyng of Armes
of Englande, in the Courte of Fraunce, and in the courte
of Bourgoyne, and in diverse other Courtes and places in
Almain, and Italy. For furnyshyng of. Justes, there was
devised a tilte and all thynges necessary for that enterprice,
in a goodly playn betwene Guysnes and Arde.

Duryng the tyme of these preparacions, newes were
brought to the king that Charles his nephew elected
Emperor of Almain would shortely depart out of Spain
by sea, and come by Englande to go into Germany to
receive his firste Croune at Aeon. Wherefore the kyng
caused great provisions to be made at every haven, for the
receivyng of his welbeloved nephew and frend, and daily
provisions were made on al sides, for these noble metynges
of so hygh princes : and especially the quene of Englande

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and the Lady dowager of Fraunce, made greate coste on the
apparell of their ladies and gentlewomen.

The first daie of February being Candelmas even, as the
kyng and quene were come from evensong at their manour
of Grenewiche, before the quenes chamber there blewe a
trompet sodainly, and then entred into the Quenes chamber
foure Gentelmen appareled in long and large garmentes of
blewe damaske bordered with gold, and brought with them
a tricke waggon, in the which sat a lady richely apareled
with a canapy over her hed, and orLjJie_Liii. corners of the
waggon were iiii. hed peces called [Armit^,\ every pece beyng
of a sundery device : the saied lady put up a bill to the kyng,
the eiFecte wherof was that the iiii. gentelmen present would
for the love of their ladies answer al commers at the tilt at
a day by the kyng to be apointed : whiche daie was apointed
at shrofetide next ensuing. At whiche daie the foresaid
gentelmen valiantly accomplished their enterprice, with
greate laudes of the kyng the quene and ladies.

In this yere the kyng beyng infourmed, that his realme
of Irelande was out of ordre, discharged the Erie of Kildare
of his office of deputie, and therunto (by the meanes of the
Cardinall as men thought) was appoynted therle of Surrey
lorde Admiral, to whom the Cardinal did not owe the best
favour. Wherfore the said erle of Surrey in the beginning
of Aprill, tooke leave of the kyng, and the duke of Nor-
ffolke his father, and passed into Irelande, and had with him
diverse gentlemen, that had bene in the garrison of Tourney,
and one hundred yomen of the kynges garde, and other to
the nomber of a thousande menne. Where he by hys
manhod and wisedome, brought the erle of Desmonde and
diverse other rebelles, to good conformitie and ordre : and
there he continued in greate hardnes two yere and more, in
whiche space he had many battailes and skirmishes with the
wild Iryshe.

When it was concluded that the kynges of Englande and
Fraunce should mete, as you have hard, then bothe the
kynges committed the ordre and maner of their metyng,
and howe many daies they should mete, and what prehemi-
nence eche should geve to other, to the Cardinall of Yorke,
whiche to set all thynges in a certaintie, made an instrument,
the very true tenour whereof ensueth.

Thomas Archebyshop of Yorke and Cardinal. &c. Albeit

that

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that by the treatie and metyng of the right high and right
puyssaunt princes, Henry by the grace of God, kyng of
Englande, and of Fraunce, lorde of Irelande my sovereigne
lorde : And Fraunces by the same grace kyng of Fraunce
ryght Christened, made and concluded at London the eight
daie of October, the yere of our lorde a thousand five
hundred and xviii. be emongest other thynges concluded
and accorded, that the same metyng shalbe in place in-
different, and not subject to any of the saied prynces.
Nevertheles, wee consideryng the honoure, profyte, and
utilitie, that shall redound by the entervieu of the said two
princes, and not onely to the saied twoo prynces, their
realmes and subjectes, but also to all Christendom : after
declaracion thereupon had with the saied princes. Also
considering that the saied illustre kyng of Englande my
sovereigne lorde, in passing the sea with his retinue, shall
sustaine great costes and expences, and dispose hymselfe to
great labours and daungers, leving his realme and puis-
saunce for certain tyme, we have thought and estemed that
he should not be wholy satisfied to thonor and dignitie of
the same, right illustre kyng of England my sovereigne
lorde, and should not have in regarde condigne of his
labours and dangiers, if the said entervew or meting after
the first treatie, should be in place indifferent, wherfore it
is that we desiring to weye egally thonour and dignitie of
the said twoo kynges by vertue and power of the commis-
sions to us geven, of whom the tenours shalbe hereafter
declared : we have made, declared, and ordeined certaine
articles accepted and approved, by the same princes re-
spectively, which thei wiU observe, and by this presentcs
we make, declare and ordein as foloweth.

And first we declare and ordeine, that before thende of
the moneth of Male next comming, the saied illustre kyng of
Englande shall come personally to the castell of Guisnes,
with his bedfelowe the Quene, and his sister the dowares
of Fraunce : and semblaby the right Christened kyng of
Fraunce, shall come in persone to his Castle of Arde, with
the Quene and his mother : and some daie, houre, and
tyme, within iiii. daies at the moste, after the ende of Maie,
that shalbe assigned by the commissioners of the one and
the other partie. The said kyng of England shal issue out
of his castle of Guisnes halfe a mile long, without that he

shall

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shall issue out of the limites of his demain of Guisnes, and
shal come towardes the said castle of Arde : and there within
the territorie of the saied castle of Guisnes, he shall rest in
some place not fortified nor walled, and nere the limites of
Fraunce, that the saied commissioners shall assigne (as above
said) and the saied right christened kyng, partyng from his
castle of Arde shal come towardes the saied kyng of England
the same dale, place tyme and houre, that shall tary hym
within the demain of Guisnes as is saied. In the whiche
shall not be set nor dressed any pavilions or tentes, and
there the saied two kynges beyng on horsebacke, with their
retinue shall se the one the other, and salute eche other, and
speake together familiarly, and common in that sorte and
maner, and so long as shall seme to theim good. And after
the said salutacion and communicacion finished for that time,
the saied illustre kyng of England shal returne to his castle
of Guisnes, and the saied right christened kyng to his castle
of Arde.

Item, for asmuche that wee thynke to bee satisfied touchyng
the laboures daungiers and honoure of the saied kyng of Eng-
land my sovereigne Lorde of so muche, that the saied right
Christened Kynge at the firste speakyng, he shall come for-
warde unto and within his territorie of Guisnes, we will kepe
the honour of the said kynges, and therfore declare and
ordeine, that on the morowe after the firste entervew,
the same kynges shall mete together in some place in-
diflPerent betwene Arde and Guysnes that shalbe assigned
by the saied Commissioners, and after the salutacion made
on the one and the other partie, the saied right iUustre kyng
of Englande shall go to the Castle of Arde, to se, salute, and
visite the quene of Fraunce, and also the sister of the said
christened kyng, with whom he shall dine prively. And
likewise the saied right christened kyng shall go to the Castle
of Guysnes, to visite and salute the Quene of Englande,
and the dowares of Fraunce, with whome he shall dyne.
In the whiche place the saied princes shalbe received famyliarly
and amiably, unto mutuall love, and also to the honoure of
the saied princes.

Item, as the saied serene prynces of Englande and Fraunce,
be lyke in force corporall, beautie, and gyfte of nature ryght
experte and havyng knowlege in the arte militant, right
chevalrous in armes, and in the flower and vygor of youth,

whereby

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whereby semed to us a ryght assembly, that for to decore
and illustre the same assembly, and to shewe their forces in
armes, they shall take counsail and dispose themselfes to do
some fayre feate of armes, aswel on fote as on horsebacke,
against all commers. We declare and ordein, that the place
where shalbee the saied fyght and feate of armes, shalbee
chosen betwene Guysnes and Arde, and assygned by the
commissioners, of the one and the other partie. And for a
suertie of the persones of the saied kynges and their com-
paignie, the saied place shalbe apparreled, diched, fortified
and kepte of the one and the other partie, by equall nomber
of men of armes, respectively committed and deputed that
to do. And duryng the tyme of the saied justes and feates
of warre, the same kynges and quenes with their retinue, shal
se eche other familiarly, and converse and speake together :
And every daie towardes the evenyng, after the Justes,
triumphes, bankettes, and familiar communycacions dooen,
the saied kynges with their retinue shall returne into their
Castles, that is to saie, the kyng of England into his castle
of Guysnes, the said right christened kyng into his Castle of
Arde, and thus they shal do dayly, duryng the saied fight
and feate of armes.

Item, wee declare and ordeine, that when the same kyng
of Englande and the Quene his bedfelowe, and the Dowares
of Fraunce his sister, with their retinue, shall go to the terri-
torie and entrie of the saied ryght christened kyng, the
superioritie and preheminence shalbe geven to the saied
kyng of Englande, to the quene his bedfelowe, and to
their retinue respectively, duryng the tyme that they shall
tary and be there : and semblaby when the saied right Chris-
tened kyng, and the quene his bedfelow and his right
illustre Ladie and mother, with their retinue shall come to
the territorie and entrie of the saied illustre kyng of Eng-
lande, the superioritie and preheminence shalbe geven to
the said right christened kyng, to the quene his bedfelowe,
and to his mother, and to their retinue duryng the tyme
that they shall continue and abide there.

Item, for so muche as the Castle and places where the saied
entervewe shalbe, be so litle and narowe that if entrie and
license to come thether be geven to all them that would go
thether, diverse anoyances, troubles and impechementes should
folowe, wherfore it is so that we Cardinall abovesaied, by these

presentes

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presentes declare and ordeine, that none of the retinue of the
saied Kynges, Quenes, or other lordes and nobles, of what
estate qualitie or condicion that he or they be, shal not come
to the said assemble with more greater nomber of persones
or horse, then shalbee wrytten by letters, subscribed by
the saied kynges, the whiche shall conteigne the estates and
condicions of the persones, aswell men as women, and
nombre of servauntes and horse, except by the common
consent and license of the saied kynges.

Item, forasmuche as peradventure it shall come that the
said Princes, lordes, gentelmen, and houshold servauntes,
shall se and converse together familiarly, to the ende that
it may engender betwene them an amitie more fyrme and
stable, for that cause and that more suerly and agreably they
may bee together, aswel by daie as by night, without any
daunger or feare, whiche we desire to provide : we declare
and ordein that two gentelmen with sufficient compaignie of
equall and lyke nomber, be committed and depute, respec-
tively by the saied kynges for the kepyng and suretie of the
waies and watches, that shalbe made continually duryng the
assembly of the saied kynges.

The whiche gentelmen with their compaignies shall ordein
and depute explorators and spies in the valeis, forestes,
woodes, townes, borowes, villages, castels, passages and
waies, and other places daungerous and suspect : from
tyme to tyme, and houre to houre, asweU towardes
Flaunders, as Picardie, Artoys and Englande, to exployte
and watche there. And if any be founde suspect, theim to
repulse and take away, to thende that not onely the saied
prynces, their gentlemen and houshold servauntes, maie
surely and without feare visite the one the other as saied
is, but also those that shall bryng vitailes necessary to the
saied assembly, maie without daunger, trouble, impeche-
ment or noysaunce go and come : The whiche explorators
shalbe bounden every daie in the mornyng and evenyng, to
make reporte to the saied prynces or to their saied counsail-
ours respectively, of that which they have found, and in what
estate the waies be. We declare further and ordein, that all
men of armes and of warre, of the one and the other par tie,
shall not approche nerer then twoo journeyes, to the place
where the saied entervewe shalbe, except the retinew and men
of warre that bee committed and deputed to kepe BuUein artd

Caleis,

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Caleis, and that the same men of warre nor none other duryng
the assembly of the saied princes, shal not presume to come
nerer, onlesse by the consent, accorde, and license of the saied
princes.

Item, we Cardinall above saied, by expresse aucthoritie
and power to us geven, by these presentes, bynde the saied
princes to do, fulfill, and accomplyshe, all and every the
thynges above saied here in conteined.

Item, we declare and ordeine that eche of the saied kynges
on his partie, shall ratifie, confirme, and approve all and
every the Chapiters and Articles above saied, by their
Letters Patentes signed with their handes. And by the
same lettres of ratificacion they shalbe bounden to accomplish
with good faith and in worde of a kyng, all and every the
thynges abovesaied : the whiche letters made, subscribed and
sealed, as is saied, they shal geve the one the other, and shall
chaunge in the citie of London, within one moneth next
after the dale of these presentes. Made the twelve of
Marche, the yere of our lorde a M.CCCCC.xix.

THE XII. YERE.

THE most noble and puisant kyng, kyng Henry the
Vin. king of England and of Fraunce, the yere of
our Lord, a M. five hundred and xx. and of his
bodely age xxix. yere, and the xxii. daie of April began the
xii. yere of his reigne over the realme of Englande, and
halowed the daie of sainct George at the maner royal of
Grenewych with the noble knightes of the Garter in robes
of the order.

The kyng intending and persevering in purpose to mete
with Frances the Frenche kyng greate and ryche provisions
were made, wherfore the noble Kyng and the Quene with
all the noble courte, removed the twentie and one daie of
May beyng on Mondaie, from their maner of Grenewyche,
towardes the Sea side, and so on the Fryday beyng the
twentie and five daie of May, arrived at the cytie of Can-
torbury, intendyng there to kepe his Pentecoste.

Sone after whiche comming to Canterbury, tidynges were
brought that Charles Emperor electe, was on the sea, in sight
of the coast of England, wherfore officers of the kyng were

sent

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sent with great diligence to the Castle and toune of Dover,
to be there in a redines against the arrivall of the Emperor.

The reverent father in God my lorde Cardinall, came to
the toune of Dover in hast with a nobell repayre, abidyng
the commyng of the Emperour, whiche Emperour, the
Saterdaye beyng the xxvi. daie of Maii arrived with all his
navie of shippes royall on the coast of Kent, directe to the
tourie or porte of Hieth the saled daie by noone, where he
was hayled by the noble knight sir William Fitzwilliam,
vice admirall of Englande, with syxe of the kynges shippes
well furnished, whiche laye for the safegarde of passage
betwene Dover and Caleis, at the costes and charges of the
kyng of Englande. Calmenes of the wether and lacke of
wynde, caused that the Emperour might not so sone take
lande at the porte of Dover, as he would have dooen. Not-
withstandyng towardes the even he departed from his shyppes,
and entered into his boate commyng towardes the lande,
where in his comming to the lande : on the sea the reverent
father lorde Wolsay Cardinall and Legate, mete and re-
ceived hym with suche reverence, as to so noble a Prince
apperteigned. Thus landed the Emperour Charles, under
the clothe of his estate of the blacke Egle all splaied on
riche clothe of golde. In his retinue with hym, were many
noble menne, and many fayre Ladyes of his bloud as princes
and princesses, and one ladie as chiefe to be noted, was the
princes Avinion with many other nobles whiche landed with
hym in high and sumptuous maner and greate riches in their
apparell : greate joye made the people of Englande to see
the Emperour, and more to see the benyng maner and
mekenes of so high a prince.

Then when the Emperour thus had taken lande, the
reverente father lorde Cardynall was as conduite to the same
noble Emperour from the shore of Dover unto the castell
ther : then were all persons chered the best that there in the
towne might be.

After the departyng of Themperour to the lande from
hys navy, the apparell of every ship then shewed, as flagges,
banners, stremers and targetes, then the mighty ordinaunce
of every of them brake oute by force of fyer as though the
see had brente, marvelous was the noyse of the gonnes.

The Emperour beyng thus in the castell of Dover, wyth
hast tidynges came to the kyng where as he was at Cantor-
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King Henry the VIII.

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bury, who hasted hym towards the noble Emperour. And
so came ridyng early in the morning to the castell of Dover,
within which castell the kyng alighted : the Emperour hering
the king to be come, came out of his chamber to mete with
the kyng, and so mete with him on the stayres or he could
come up, wher eche embraced other right lovyngly : then
the kyng brought the Emperour to his chamber, where as
ther communyng was of gladnes.

Sone after, these twoo noble princes on the Whitsonday
early in the morening toke their horse and rode to the Cytee
of Canterbury, the more to solempne the feast of Pente-
cost but specially to see the queue of England his aunte was
the intent of the Emperour.

The noble personages of the realme of Englande and the
queue wyth her beautiful trayne of ladies received and wel-
commed the same Charles elect Emperour, whose person
was by the kyng conveighed to a faire and pleasant chamber
where the sayde Emperour apparelled hym right richely.
Then the noble retynue of the sayde Emperour aswell of
lordes as ladyes were lodged, aswell as there myght be wyth
joye and muche gladnes, and there in Canterbury sojorned
the Emperour and all hys trayne wyth the kyng, untill the
Thursdaye in the same weke.

The last daye of May beyng Thursday, the Emperour
toke leave of the kyng and of all the ladyes, and gave great
thankes, and so rode to Sandewiche, and there toke his
shippes, the wynd to hym was likynge, whereby he sayled
into Flaunders.

Then the same daye, the kyng of Englande made saile
from the porte of Dover and with noble apparaile landed at
Calys at the hower of xi. of the clock, and wyth hym the
queue and ladyes and many nobles of the realme. And so
was the kyng received into the Checker and there rested :
great repayre of noble men came to the towne of Caleys
from the Frenche court, to se the kyng and to salute hym,
which were of his grace, princely entretayned.

Mondaye the iiii. daye of June the kynges grace with all
the nobles aswell the quene with her trayne of ladyes as
other, with al the whole nomber of nobles removed from
Calis to his lordship royall of Guisnes into the most noble
and royal lodgynge before sene, for it was a palays, the palays
was quadrant, and every quadrant of the same palays was

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iii. C. xxviii. foote longe of a syse, whiche was in compasse
xiii. C. and xii. foote aboute. This palayce was sette on
stages by great connynge and sumpteous woorke. At the
enterynge into the palays before the gate, on the playne
grene was buylded a fountayne of enbowed worke, gylte
with fine golde, and bice, ingrayled with anticke workes,
the olde God of wyne called Baccus birlyng the wyne,
whiche by the conduyctes in therth ranne to al people
plenteously with red, white, and claret wyne, over whose
hedde was writen in letters of Romayn in gold, faicte bonne
chere quy vouldra.

On the other hand or syde of the gate, was set a pyller
which was of auncient Romayne woorke borne with
iiii. Lyons of golde, the pyllers wrapped in a wrethe of
golde curiously wroughte and intrayled, and on the sommet
of the sayde pyller stode an image of the blynde God Cupide
wyth his bowe and arrowes of love redy by his semynge,
to Stryke the younge people to love.

The forgate of the same palays or place with great and
mighty masonry by sight was arched, with a tower on every
syde of the same port rered by great crafte, and inbattayled
was the gate and tower, and in the fenestres and wyndowes
were images resemblynge men of warre redy to caste greate
stones : Also the same gate or tower was set with compassed
images of auncient Prynces, as Hercules, Alexander and
other by entrayled woorke, rychely lymned wyth golde and
Albyn colours, and well and warly was made over the gate
loups, and enforced wyth battaylementes and in the same
gate a lodge for the porter : whyche there appered and
other, sumpteously apparayled like unto kynges officers.

By the same gate, all people passed into a large courte
fayre and beautifuU, for in this court appered much of the
outward beutie of this place for from the firste water table
to the raysyng or resun pieces, was bay wyndowes on every
syde myxed with clere Stories, curiously glased, the postes
or monyelles of every wyndow was gylte. Thus the out-
ward parte of the place lumyned the eyes of the beholders,
by reason of the sumptuous woorke. Also the tower of the
gate as semed, was buylded by greate masonry, and by great
engyne of mans wit, for the sundry countenaunces of every
image that their appered, some shotyng, sum castyng, sume
ready to strike, and firynge of gonnes whiche shewed very

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honorably. Also all the sayd quadrantes, bayes and edifices,
were royally entrayled, as farre as unto the same court appar-
tayned. And dyrecte against the gate was devised a hallpas,
and at thentry of the staier was images of sore and terrible
countenaunces, all armed in curious woorke of argentyne.
The bay of the same halpas pendant by crafte of trimmer
and under the trimmer, anticke images of gold envyroned
with verdour of OlifFes cast in compas, mounsteryng their
countenaunces towardes the enteryng of the palaice. The
staier of the saied halpas was caste of passage by the wentes
of brode steppes, so that from the firste foote or lowest steppe,
a persone might without payn goo unto the highest place of
the same halpas.

On every hande was there chamber doores and enterynges
into the chambers of the same palais, which were long and
large, and well proporcioned, to receive light and aire at
pleasure : the roofes of them from place to place, and
chamber to chamber wer syled and covered wyth cloth
of Silke, of the most faire and quicke invencion that before
that tyme was seen, for the grounde was white ingrailed,
Inbowed and batoned with riche clothes of silkes knitte, and^
fret with cuttes and braides and sundery newe castes, that
the same clothes of silke shewed like bullions of fine burned
golde and the roses in lossenges : that in the same rofe, were
in kyndly course, furnished so to mannes sight that no livyng
creature might but joye, in the beholdyng therof, for from
the jawe pece of the saied selyng : whiche pece was guilte
with fine Golde, were woorkes in pann paled, all the walles
to the crest encounteryng the clere stories, the same creste
which was of large depenes, the worke was antique knottes
with bosses cast and wrought with more cunnyng then I can
write, all which workes and overages were gilte : and to set
it the more to the glory, the florishyng Bise was comparable
to the riche Ammell.

Also at the foote of the same palaice was another crest all
of fine sette gold whereon hanged riche and marveilous
clothes of Arras wroughte of golde and silke, compassed of
many auncient stories, with whiche clothes of Arras, every
wall and chamber were hanged, and all wyndowes so richely
covered, that it passed all other sightes before seen. In
every chamber in place convenient were clothes of estate,
greate and large of clothe of golde, of Tissue, and riche

embroudery.

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embroudeiy, with Chaiers covered with like cloth, with
pomelles of fine gold : and great Cushyns of riche woorke
of the Turkey makynge, nothynge lacked of honourable
furnishement.

Also to the same palais was rered a Chapell with two
closettes, the quire of the saied Chapell filed with clothe of
golde, and thereon frete ingrailed bent clothes of Silke, all
was then silke and golde. The aultars of this Chapell were
hanged with riche revesture of cloth of gold of Tissue,
embroudered with pearles. Over the high aultare was
hanged a riche Canaby of merveilous greatnes, the aultare
was appareled with five paire of Candelstickes of golde, and
on the aultare an halpas and thereon stode a Corpus domini,
all fine golde, and on the same halpas stoode twelfe Images
of the bignes of a childe of foure yeres of age all gold :
And all the Coopes and Vestementes so riche as might be
prepared or bought in the citie of Florens, for all the copes
and Vestementes wer but of one pece, so woven for the pur-
pose, cloth of Tissue and poudered with redde Roses purled
with fine golde : the Orfrys sette with pearles and precious
stones. And all the walles and deskes of his Chapell was
hanged with right Clothe of golde, and three ryche greate
Crosses were there ready to be borne at festival times, and
basyns and Sensers, Gospellers, Paxes, Crewetes, holy Water
vessels, and other ornamentes all of gold.

Also in the fyrst Closet was a traverse for the kynges
person of cloth of golde : And within that the kynges place
and Chaire, with Cusshins of clothe of golde : before the
traverse was an altare of presence, whiche Aultare was
adourned with clothe of brouderie, and riche Pearles and
precious stones, set in goldesmithes woorke of fine golde.
On the aultare was a deske or halpace, whereon stoode a
patible of the Crucifix of fine golde, with an Image of
the Trinitee, an Image of oure Lady, and twelve other
Images all fine golde and precious stones, twoo paire of
Candelstickes of fine golde, with Basens, Crewettes, Paxes,
and other Ornamentes, the saied Closet was hanged with
Tappettes embraudered with riche worke fret with pearles
and stones, the rofFe of the same Closet was siled with
woorke of Inmouled, gylte with fine Golde and Senapar
and Bice.

The seconde Closettc was for the quenes persone, in

whiche

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whiche was a traverse of riche clothe of golde, the aultare
so richely appareled, that there lacked neither Pearles nor
Stones of riches : on the aultar were twelve greate Images
of golde, the Closet hanged with clothe of gold all other
jewelles Missall, I suppose never suche like were seen, and
the rooiFe of the same closet was filed with like worke that
the kynges closet was as is before rehersed.

And from this palaice or place into the mightie and
stronge fortresse and Castle royall of Guisnes, was a
galery for the secrete passage of the kynges persone into
a secret lodgyng within the same Castle the more for the
kynges ease.

Also to this palaice was all houses of offices, that to suche
an honourable Courte should apperteigne, that is to wete,
the lord Chaumberlaine, lorde Steward, lorde Thi*esourer
of the houshold, for the Comptroller and office of grene
Clothe, Wardroppes, Juell house, and office of houshold
service, as Ewery, Pantrie, Seller, Buttery, Spicery, pitcher
house. Larder and Poultrie, and all other offices large and
faire that the officers might and did marveiles, as in the
craft of viandes, by Ovens, harthes, reredorses, Chimnayes,
Ranges, and such instrumentes that there was ordained.
In this Palaice as ye have hearde, was the kynges grace
lodged and all the nobles after their degrees. And for
that the toune of Guysnes was litle, and that all the noble
menne might not there be lodged, thei sette up tentes in
the felde, to the nomber of twentie and eight hundred
sundery lodgynges, whiche was a goodly sighte. Thus
was the kyng in hys Palais royall at Guysnes.

Fraunces the Frenche kyng was with all his nobles of
the realme of Fraunce, come to the toune of Arde, whiche
was prepared for his commynge, many tentes, hales and
pavilions, were set and pight in the felde. On the French
partie also, there was at the same toune of Arde buylded
the Frenche kynges lodgyng full well, but not finished,
muche was the provisions in Picardy on every part through
all. The French kyng commaunded his lodgyng to be
made, a litle out of the toune of Arde in the territorie
of an old castle, whiche by the war of old time had been
beaten. On the same place was edified a house of solas and
sporte, of large and mightie compas, which was chiefly sus-
tained by a great mightie maste, wherby the greate ropes

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and takell strained, the same maste was staied. All the
rofFe of the same house hong on the same Maste, and with
takell was strained and borne, by the supporters of the same
Maste or tree, the colours of the same was all blewe, set
with starres of gold foyle, and the Orbes of the heavens
by the crafte of colours in the rofFe, were curiosly wrought
in maner like the sky, or firmamen, and a cresant strained
sumdell towardes the toune of Arde, this cresant was covered
with frettes and knottes made of Ive busshes, and boxe
braunches, and other thynges that longest would be grene
for pleasure.

In this tyme the reverent father lorde Thomas Wolsay
Cardinall and legate a Latere as the kynges high ambas-
sador rode with noble repaire of lordes, gentlemen and
prelates to the toune of Arde, to the French courte where
of the Frenche kyng, the same lord Cardinall was highly
enterteined. Of thenoblenes of this Cardinall, the Frenche-
men made bokes, shewyng the triumphant doynges of the
Cardinalles royaltie. The nomber of the gentlemen, knightes
and lordes al in crimosyn velvet, with the marvellous nomber
of chaines of golde, the great Horse, Mules, Coursers, and
cariages, that there were, which went before the Cardinalles
commyng into Arde with sumters and cofers. Of his great
Crosses and Fillers borne, the pillowe bere or cace broudered,
the two mantelles, with other the Ceremoniall Offices, with
greate and honourable nomber of bishoppes gevyng their
attendaunce, the mightie and great nomber of servauntes, as
yomen, gromes, all clothed in Scarlet who so redeth of the
Frenche boke, shall finde wonderfully set furthe.

The kyng of England beeyng at the Castle of Guysnes in
the newe palais, many noble men of the Frenche court resorted
to his grace, to se the kyng of England and the quene, and
to salute them : who of the kyng of Englande were well
entertained.

When the lord Cardinall had sojourned at Arde in the
Frence court by the space of twoo daies, and the high and
urgent princely causes in counsaill declared, the lord Cardinal
toke his leave of the French kyng and of all the Frenche
courte, and repaired unto the Castle of Guysnes, where he
founde the kyng of England his sovereigne Lorde. And
the same kyng by his letters patentes, had geven full power
and aucthoritie to the same lord Cardinall, concernyng all

matters

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matters to bee debated, touchyng the kyng and the realme,
and also gave unto the same Cardinal!, fuU strenght, power,
and aucthoritie, to aiBrme and confirme, bynde, and unbynde,
what soever shoulde be in question, betwene hym and the
French kyng, as though the kyng in proper person had been
there presently.

When the lordes of the Frenche counsaLU, sawe the high
and greate aucthoritie that the Cardinal! had, thei shewed it
unto the French kyng, who incontinent commaunded his
commission to be made, of like power and aucthoritie, that
the kyng of Englande had geven unto the said lord Cardinall :
the same power and aucthoritie had the same reverent father,
geven to hym by Fraunces the French kyng, and affirmed
by the counsaill royall of Fraunce : Then hastely was sent
to the kyng of Englande the Frenche kynges patent, for the
lorde Cardinall saied humbly to the Frenche kyng, that he
would no suche power receive, without the consent of the
kynge of England his sovereigne Lord : but when the kyng of
Englande and his counsaill, had seen and vewed the French
kynges Patent, and well considered, then he sent the same
Patent of power to the lorde Cardinall with fuU assent : then
the lord Cardinall the power received with much gladnes.
It was highly estemed and taken for great love that the
Frenche kyng had geven so greate power to the kynge of
Englandes subject.

Thursday the seventh day of June, in the vale of Andren,
within the lordeship royall of Guysnes, before dale was set
and pight a royaU rich tent, all of clothe of gold, and riche
embroudery of the kyng of Englandes, and diverse other
hales and pavilions : the same riche tente of gold was
within hanged of the richest Arras, newly contrived and
made, that ever before was seen, and a presence of the
kynges estate, with two chayers and riche cusshyns therein :
the ground was spred with Carpettes, of newe Turkey makyn,
aU of beautie. - " " '

But here is to be noted, that in this meane season in all
the feldes about, bothe nigh and far, wer many of the
French gard, ridyng and beholdyng the maner of the
Englishe parte, some of the kynges gard, and some of the
duke of Burbons gard, and some of the Admiral! of
Fraunces Gard, whiche slily marked the conveighaunce
of the people of Englande. At the houre of metyng

appoynted

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appoynted, the Lordes of England set their people and
servauntes in good arraie of battaill, in a plain felde
directly before the castle of Guysnes. The kyng of
England commaunded that his Garde should bee set in
the breste of the battaill, or bend of footemen, and so it
was doen. This battaill of footemen conducted them-
selfes so in ordre, that from the firste to the laste, never
a person of the footemen brake his place or arraie, but
kept theimselfes so well, that never servyng men theim-
selfes better demeaned. The servynge men thus set in
ordre in the felde, on the left hande of the kyng of
Englande, somewhat towarde the Marres, longe while
thus abidyng, in whych tyme the Castle of Guysnes shot
a warnyng pece to the toune of Arde, and in lykewyse
the Toune of Arde gave warnynge to the Castle of
Guysnes.

Now was gathered the Frenche Kynges repaire, and by
the Lord Marshall and Constable of Fraunce, the Lordes,
and gentlemen were set in ordre : thus bothe these two
high and mightie princes, intendyng to mete and assemble,
many woordes and tales, and suspect demeaninges arose
in the Englishe partie, for the great love that we the
English men had to our Prince, caused the ignoraunt
people that wer not worthy to know the pretence of
princes, to suspecte the Frenche partie, and the more
because that Monsire Chatelion a Lord of Fraunce, in
rigorous and cruell maner, threwe doune foure pennons
of white and grene which were set up by Richarde Gibson,
by commaundement from the kynge for the suer marke
or metyng place of the twoo kynges, in what grounde
they shoulde encounter, wordes rose betwene Monsire
Chatelion and Richarde Gibson, as farre as became for
that deede, but at the commaundement of the Earle
Marshall for that tyme, which was the noble Earle of
Essex, the Kynge of Englandes cosyn, that wronge by
us Englishemenne was paciently suffered, thus from tyme
to tyme, and watche to watche, and vewe to vewe, the
houre drewe nere, that was by bothe the Princes appoynted,
of metyng or encountre.

Wherefore the kyng of Englande oure sovereigne Lorde,
with all the Court of nobles of England mounted on horse-
backe, and marched towardes the valey of Andern in honour-
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King Henry the VIII.

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able ordre, all Gentle menne, Squiers, Knightes, and Barons,
roade before the Kynge and bishoppes also, the Dukes,
Marques and Earles, gave attendaunce next the Kynge. He
were muche wyse that coulde have tolde or shewed of the
riches of apparell that was emongest the Lordes and Gentle-
menne of Englande, Clothe of Golde, Clothe of Silver,
Velvettes, Tinsins, Sattins embroudered, and Crymosyn
Sattens : The marvellous threasor of Golde that was worne
in Chaynes and Bauderickes, so greate, so weightie, some
so manifolde, some in Colers of S. greate, that the Golde
was innumerable to my demynge to be summed, of aU noble
menne, Gentlemenne, Squiers, Knightes, and every honeste
Officer of the Kynge was richely appareled, and had Chaynes
of Golde, greate and mervelous waightie : what shoulde bee
sayed? surely emong the Englishemen lacked no riches, nor
beautiful! apparell or aray, and alwayes as the Kynge of
Englande and hys horsemenne marched, so pace for pace
marched the moste goodly battayll or bend of foote men
(out of defensable apparell) that ever I trowe before was

seen.

The Frenche kyng on his partie marched towardes the
encountre with all the ruffelers and gallantes of the Frenche
Courte. In which tyme came to the Frenche kyng some
reporte, that caused him to tarry, and a light from hys Horse,
then the Frenchemen were very doubtfuU and in a staye so
still rested, untill aLorde of Fraunce called Monsire Morret,
the saied Morret came to the Frenche Kyng, and shewed
him the very fidelitie of the kyng of England, whereby
the Frenche kynge mounted on horsebacke, and the better
couragedj marched towardes the place appoynted of encountre.

Thus in marchyng thone kyng to the other, to the kyng
of England came lord George Nevell lorde Aburgheny, and
openly saied, sir ye be my kyng and sovereigne, wherefore
above all I am bounden to shewe you truthe, and not to let
for none, I have been in the Frenche partie, and they be mo
in nomber, double so many, as ye bee : with that was the
Erie of Shrewesbery Lorde Stewarde ready and saied, sir,
whatsoever my Lorde of Burgheny saieth, I my selfe have
been there, and the Frenchemenne bee more in feare of you
and youre subjectes, then your subjectes bee of them, where-
fore saied the Earle, yf I were worthie to geve counsaill,
your grace shoulde marche forwarde, so we intende my Lord

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sayed the Kyng : then the Officers of Armes cried on afore,
then in shorte while was the kyng on the banke of Andern :
then every gentleman as they roade toke his place, and
stoode still side by side, their regard or face towardes the
vale of Andern.

Then the kyng of England shewed hymselfe somedele
forwarde in beautie and personage, the moste goodliest
Prince that ever reigned over the Realme of Englande : his
grace was apparelled in a garment of Clothe of Silver, of
Damaske, ribbed wyth Clothe of Golde, so thicke as might
bee, the garment was large, and plited verie thicke, and
canteled of very good intaile, of suche shape and makynge,
that it was marvellous to beholde. The Courser whiche
hys grace roade on, was Trapped in a marvellous vesture of
a newe devised fashion, the Trapper was of fine Golde in
Bullion, curiously wroughte, pounced and sette with anticke
worke of Romayne Figures. Attendyng on the kynges
grace of Englande, was the Master of his horse, by name
Sir Henry Guylford, leadyng the kynges spare horse, the
which horse was Trapped in a Mantellet bront and backe
place, al of fine golde in Scifers, of device with Tasselles on
Cordelles pendaunt, the Sadell was of the- same sute and
woorke, so was the hedde stall and raynes. After folowed
nyne'henxce menne, ridyng on Coursers of Naples, the same
young Gendemen were appareled in riche Clothe of ^Tjssue,
the Coursers in Harneis of marvellous fashion, scaled in fine
Golde in Bullion, and workes subtile more then my sighte
coulde contrive, and all the same horse Harneis were sette
full of tremblyng spanges that were large and faire. The
Lorde Marques Dorset bare the kynges sweard of estate
before the kynges grace, the reverent father Lorde Cardinall
did hys attendaunce.

Thus in litle tyme, abidyng the commyng of the Frenche
kynge and his, the which in shorte tyme came with greate
nomber of horsemenne, freshely apparelled, the Frenche
Kyng and his retayne, put themselfes in place appoynted,
direct against the Englishe partie, beholdyng every other
of bothe nacions, the Frenchemenne mused muche of the
battaill of the foote menne, and every of the Frenchemen to
other spake of the multitude of the englishe men whiche
semed greate, yet were not they so many as the Frenche
partie.

When

King Henry the VIII.

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When the Frenche kyng had a litle beholden the Englishe
men, he put hymself some what before his people, that were
there on him attendaunt, the Duke of Burbon bearynge a
naked Swearde upright, the Lorde Amirall of Fraunce, and
the Countie Cosmen Galias, Master of the Frenche Kynges
horse, and no mo persones gave their attendance in passyng
with the Frenche kyng : when it was perceived that the
French kynges swearde was borne naked, then the kynge of
Englande commaunded the lord Marques Dorset to drawe
out the sweard of estate, and beare it up naked in presence,
whiche was so doen.

Then up blewe the Trumpettes, Sagbuttes, Clarions, and
all other Minstrelles on bothe sides, and the kynges descended
doune towarde the bottome of the valey of Andern, in sight
of bothe the nacions and on horsebacke met and embrassed
the twoo kynges eache other : then the two kynges alighted,
and after embrased with benyng and curteous maner eche to
other, with swete and goodly woordes of gretyng : and after
fewe wordes, these two noble kynges went together into the
riche_teiite_of_clodieofgolde, that there was set on the
grounde for such purpose, thus arme in arme went the
Frenche kyng Fraunces the firste of Fraunce, and Henry the
eight kyng of Englande and of Fraunce, together passyng
with communicacion.

When the two princes were in the tente, before rehersed,
the French kyng saied, my dere brother and Cosyn, thus
farre to my paine have I travailed to se you personally, I
thinke verely that you esteme me as I am. And that I
maye to you be your aide, the realmes and seigniories shewe
the might of my persone : Sir said the kyng of England,
neyther your realmes nor other the places of your power,
is the matter of my regarde, but the stedfastnes and loyall
kepynge of promesse, comprised in Charters betwene you
and me : that observed and kepte, I never sawe Prince with
my iyen, that might of my harte bee more loved. And for
your love I have passed the seas, into the fardest frontier
of my realme to se you presently, the whiche dooyng now
gladdeth me. And then wer the twoo kynges served
with a banket, and after mirthe, had communicacion in
the Banket tyme, and there shewed the one the other
their pleasure.

The Englishe officers went and ranne with greate pottes

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of Wyne, and BoUes to the Frenche menne, and them
chered the best that might bee, all this season stoode still
[1520-21] the noble men of the Englishe partie, and all other, and
from their places moved nothyng that thei were appointed
unto. And the servyng men in lykewise, not once moved
from their ground or standyng, but the Frenchemen sodainly
brake, and many of them came into the Englishe partie,
speakyng faire, but for all that, the court of Englande and
the lordes, kept still their arraie.

After the two kynges had ended the banket, and spice
and wyne geven to the Frenchemen, Ipocras was chief
drinke of plentie, to all that would drinke. In open sight
then came the two kynges, that is to wete : the Frenche
kyng, and the kyng of England, out of their tent, by whiche
I then well perceived thabiliment royall of the Frenche kyng,
his garment was a chemew, of clothe of silver, culpond with
clothe of golde, of damaske cantell wise, and garded on the
bordours with the Burgon bendes, and over that a cloke of
broched satten, with gold of purple coloure, wrapped about
his body traverse, beded from the shulder to the waste,
fastened in the lope of the first fold : this said cloke was
richely set with pearles and precious stones : this Frenche
Jcyng had on his hed a koyfe of damaske gold set with
diamondes, and his c ourser that he rode on was covered
with a trapper of Tissue, broudered with devise, cut in
fashion mantel wise, the skirtes were embowed and fret with
^1 frised worke, and knit with Cordelles, and buttons tasseled
/vl of Turkey _makyng, Raines and hedstall, answeryng of like
l^oorkeTand'verely of his persone the same Fraunces the
Frenche kyng, a goodly Prince, stately of countenaunce,
mery of chere, broune coloured, great iyes, high nosed,
bigge lipped, faire brested and shoulders, small legges, and
long fete.

All the nobles of the Frenche courte, were in garmentes of
many colours, so that thei were not knowen from the brag-
gery : thus as the two kynges^ were in communicacion, diverse
noble men of England were called to presence. And then
the two kynges departed with their compaignie, the kyng of
Englande to Guysnes, the Frenche kyng to Arde.

Saterdaie the ix. daie of June in a place within the Eng-
lishe pale were set and pight in a felde, called the campe,
two trees of much honor the one called the Aubespine, and

the

King Henry the VIII.

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the other called the Framboister, whyche is in English the
Hathorne, whiche was Henry, and the Raspis berry for
FraunceSj after the significacion of the Frenche, these twoo
trees were mixed one with the other together on a high
mountaigne, covered with grene Damaske, the same Trees
were artificially wrought resemblyng the nature of the same
as nigh as could be, the leaves were grene Damaske, the
braunches, bowes, and withered leaves of clothe of gold
and all the bodies and armes of the same clothe of golde,
laied on tymber, thei were in heigth from the foote to
the toppe xxxiiii. foote of assise, in compasse aboute an
hundred twentie and nyne foote, and from bough to bough
fourtie and three foote : on these trees were flowers and
fruites, wrought in kyndly wise with silver and Venice
gold, their beautie shewed farre : on the mountaigne was
a place harber wise, where the Herrauldes were, the moun-
taigne was rayled about, and the railes covered with grene
Damaske.

The same day the two noble kynges came to the same
trees of honor with great triumphe, accompaignied with
diverse nobles and yonge valiauntes, before whom were
their shildes caried, and after borne aboute the listes, and
set on the highest place, shewyng into the feldes, the kynge
of Englandes armes within a Gartier, and the French kynges
within a CoUer of his ordre of sainct Michael, with a close
Croune, with a Flower delice in the toppe. The Campe
was in length nyne hundred foote and in bredth three
hundred and twentie foote, ditched rounde about, savyng
at the entrees with broade and depe diches, diverse skaffoldes
were rered aboute thys Campe, for the ease of the nobles :
on the right side of the felde stood the quene of England,
and the quene of Fraunce with many ladies. The same
Campe was railed and bard on every ende strongly, there
was twoo lodgynges in the entery of the same felde, for the
twoo kynges richely adourned, which were unto them very
necessarie, for therein thei armed theimselfes and toke their
also in the same compasse was two greate Sellers

ease ;

couched full of wyne, whyche was to all men as largesse as
the fountain.

The cause of the settyng up of the twoo greate shildes
with armes RoyaU, was for joye of the honourable metyng,
there to passe the tyme from idlenes, with the exercise of

noble

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noble feactes of Armes in honour, articles of Justes, Turnayes,
battailes on foote at the Barres and suche victorious feactes
were farre in Realmes Proclaimed, whyche caused muche
people of noble courage thether to resorte : the twoo kynges
as brethren in armes, undertoke to deliver all personages of
the same feactes, and to the same twoo kynges by the ordre
of armes were sociate, the Duke of Vendosme, the duke
of SufFolke, the countie saint Paule, the Marques Dorset,
Monsir de Roche, sir William Kyngston, Monsire Brian,
sir Richard Garnyngham, Monsire Cavaan, sir Giles Capell,
Monsire Bukkal, Master Nicholas Carewe, Monsire Mounta-
filion, and Master Anthony Knevet, the shieldes of all these
nobles were hanged on the trees, with thre tables of the
Chalenges, to the which al noble menne that would answere,
brought in their shieldes to the same trees, and them pre-
sented to the kynges of Armes, and to the Articles wrote
with their handes.

Mondaye the xi. daye of June, the twoo Quenes of Eng-
lande and of Fraunce came to the campe, wher either saluted
other right honorably and went into a stage for them pre-
pared, right curiously hanged, and specially there was for
the quene of England, a Tapet all of pearle called Huges
Dike, which was much loked at for the costlynes of the
same.

At the houre assigned, the two kynges armed at all peces
mounted on horsebacke, on them attendyng the noble per-
sones, parteners of the chalenge : the French kyng sette
hymself on a Courser barded, covered with Purple sattin,
broched with golde, and embraudered with Corbyns fethers
round and buckeled, the fether was blacke and hached wyth
gold. Corbyn is a Raven, and the firste silable of Corbyn
is Cor, whiche is a harte, a penne in English, is a fether in
Frenche, and signifieth pain, and so it stode, this fether
round was endles, the buckels wherewith the fethers wer
fastened, betokeneth sothfastnes, thus was the devise, harte
fastened in pain endles, or pain in harte fastened endles : on
hys hed pece he bare a sieve, all the partenars of the Frenche
Kynges chalenge were in lyke appareU, every thyng cor-
respondent in clothe of silke embroudered, on his persone
were attendant on horsebacke noble persones, and on foote
foure persones all appareled in purple sattin.

The kynge of Englande mounted on a freshe courser, the

trapper

King Henry the VIII.

203

trapper of clothe of golde, of Tissue, the Arson mantell
wise : And the brunt of the trapper bard fashion, cutte in
waves of water woorke, and every wave rawe wrought and
frised with Damaske golde, this woorke was laied lose on
russet velvet, and knitte together with poyntes of golde,
which waves signified the Lordeshippe of the narowe sea.
All the parteners of the kynges chalenge wer in the same
sute, their horses aswel as their persones, attendyng on the
kyng on horsebacke wer sir Henry Guilford Master of the
kynges horse, sir Jhon Pechie deputie of Caleis, sir Edward
Guilford Master of the kynges armye, and Monsire Moret
of the Frenche courte appareled al foure in the kynges
livery, which was white on the right side, and the left side
gold and russet bothe hose and garment. And on him wer
attendant on foote sixe honorable knightes, xx. esquiers and
officers to the nombre of an C. and xii. persons, of the whiche
nomber all the knightes and gentlemen had coates, the one
halfe sUver, and thother clothe of gold and russet velvet,
and the other officers cotes wer of right Sattin of the same
coloure, and aU their hosen were of the same suite very
costly. Thus with honour and noble courage these twoo
noble kynges with their compaignies entered into the feld,
and them presented unto the Queues, and after reverence
dooen to theim, thei roade rounde aboute the tilte, and so
toke their places appoynted, abidynge the answerers, which
was for the first the duke Dallencon and tenne men of
armes on his bend, on coursers barded, the bardes covered
with white and blacke Velvet, fastened the one within the
other, garded with Burgon bendes of Tynsell sattin, as well
their garmentes as their bardes. Then entered on coursers
barded twelfe gentlemen of the bende of the lord AdmiraU
of Fraunce, their garmentes and bardes were russet sattin,
broched with gold and white and purple Sattin, after the
devise of their pleasure with great plumes. When these
bendes were entered the feld, thei shewed themselfes about
the tilte, and dyd reverence to the quenes, the bend of the
Duke Dallencon toke firste place, they made theim prest on
bothe sides, the Frenche kyng was the firste that ranne, he
did valiauntly and brake speres mightely.

Then ranne the kynge of Englande to Monsire GraundevUe
wyth great vigor, so that the speres brake in the kynges
hande to the vantplate all to shevers. And at the second

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course he gave the sayed Monsire Graundeviie such a stroke
that the charnell of his hedde pece, although the same was
very stronge, was broken in suchewise that he might runne
no more whereby the kynge wanted three courses.

Then ranne the Duke de Vandon and mette his counter
parte righte nobely, and brake speres right valiauntly.

The noble duke of SuiFolke charged his course and met
right valiantly his counter parte and furnished the v. courses
right nobly together like good men of armes.

And when all parties of the chalenge had right valiauntly
furnished theyr courses, then ranne agayne the ii. noble
kynges, who dyd so valiantly that the beholders had great
joy, after which courses the herauldes cried the disarmy and
the trompettes sounded to lodgyng.

Tewsday the xii. day of June at hower convenient the
ii. quenes toke their stages and the bende of chalenge in the
feld prest to answere and delyver allcommers, to whom came
X. gentlemen armed on barded horses of the bend of Mounsire
de Suuyes ther bardes and apparell clothe of velvet full of
friers knqttes sylver, after that they had presented unto the
quene, then they toke thende of the tilte, and then course
after course they ranne to the chalengers right egerly, and
the chalengers of the partie of the twoo kynges delivered to
the ende of their articles of Justes.

Then entered a xi. men of armes of the bende of Mounsure
de Tremoyell, on horses barded with yelowe velvet, losenged
with Friers knottes of blacke velvet, and after they had
saluted the quenes, they likewyse toke thende of the tilt, and
course after course, ranne till they wer delivered of their
chalenges of Justes : valiauntly this daye was finished.

Wednesdaie the xiiii. dale of June, the two hardie kynges
armed at al peces, entered into the felde right nobly appareled,
the French kyng and all hys parteners of chalenge were
arraied in purple sattin, broched with gold and purple velvet,
embrodered with litle roUes of white satin, wherein was
written, quando, all bardes and garmentes wer set full of the
same, and all the residue where was no roUes, were pondered
and sette with the letter ell as thus. L. which in Frenche is
she, which was interpreted to be quando elle, when she, and
ensuyng the devise of the first daye it signifieth together,
harte fastened in pain endles, when she.

The kyng of England with all the bende parteners of his

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chalenge wer likewise on horsebacke, appareled in trappers
of losenges russet velvet and clothe of silver of damaske,
enbroudered and set in every losenge a braunche of
Eglantine of golde, the apparel of the persones wer of the
same correspondent to the trapper, this Eglantine tree is
swete, plesant and grene, and yf it be kyndely and frendly
handeled, and yf it be rudely delt with, it wyll pricke, and
he that wyll pull up the whole tree by the top his handes
wyU bee hurte : The twoo kynges with their compaignies thus
appareled, presented themselfes to the quenes, and so toke
the ende of the tilte, then entered into the feld Monsire
Leskeuu called lorde Liskyn, with hym came a xi. men of
armes, hymselfe the xii. on horses barded and richely
appareled, and so rode aboute the tilte and saluted the
quenes, and toke the ende of the tilte.

Monsire de Leskeuu and his xi. compaignions had their
bases and bardes, all blacke clothe of gold of damaske all
to cut on blacke sattin, their garmentes had mantell sieves
on the left arme, to the wast behynd just to the shulder,
whyche was praised for the strangenes.

The Frenche kynge ranne to Mounsire Bewsy Damboyes,
one of the bend of Mounsire Liskew, and the kyng of
England charged his course and ranne to Mounsire Liskew,
and so furnished their courses (as they laie) right nobly and
valiauntly in breakyng speres that were strong thus course
after course eche with other, his counter partie did right
valiantly, but the two Kynges surmounted all the rest in
prowesse and valiantnes. This bend thus furnished entred
the Marques de Salons, and his bend xii. persones all ridyng
on coursers barded and apparelled in white Sattin and blacke,
broched wyth golde and silver, with cuttes and culpynes
muche after tawny and blacke Sattin billottes : and after
reverence done to the quenes, toke thend of the tilte. To
the Marques de Salons ranne the kyng of england, and the
kyng of Fraunce to another of the same bend, stil course
after course ranne all the noble men til the Marques de Salons
and his bend were delivered, who bare theim right valiantly :
then blew the trumpettes the retraict and the two kinges
them unarmed and after departed, the French kyng to
Arde and the kyng of England to his castle of Guysnes.

Thursday the xiii. day of June by the noonetyde the two
Quenes mette in the camp and toke their places, the people

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wer come to behold the honor and to see the two kynges,
who al ready armed entred the feld to receive and deliver all
men of answere of Justes. Then entred the erle of Devon-
shyre nere cosyn to the kyng of England, on his bend the
lorde Mountague also cosyn to the kyng, lord Harbert,
lord Leonard Gray, Master Arthur Poole, Master Fraunces
Brian, Master Henry Norres, and iiii. other all richly
appareiJled, the one side blewe Velvet embrodered with a
mans hartburning in a ladies hand holding a garden pot
stQlyng wyth water on the hart, the other syde was white
sattin embrodered with letters of golde. Thys compaignie
rode about the tilte and did reverence to the Quenes and
so abode to thend of the same. The erle of Devonshire
charged his spere, and the French kynge likewise charged
his course to met the same erle and ranne so hard together,
that both their speres brake, and so mainteined their courses
nobly.

Then ranne the king of England to Mounsire Memorancie,
and hym encountered and bare bothe together and gave
great strokes, the kynges moste noble grace never disvisered
nor brethed tyll he ranne the fyve courses and delivered his
counter partie.

Dukes, Marqueses, Knightcs, Esquiers and other ranne as
faste as ever thei might, there was none abode when the
coursers came, tyl the Earle of Devonshire and his bend
were delivered of demaundes.

Then entered the lorde Hawarde sonne to the duke of
Northfolke and xi. compaignions apparelled and barded in
crimosin Sattin full of flames of golde, the borders ribbed
with crimosin Velvet, and wyth much honor and due
reverence done to the quenes were brought with Heraldes
of armes aboute the tiltes, and so toke the place to theim
appointed, right ryche was their apparell. Then ranne the
French kyng and encountered the same lord Edmond, they
brake bothe their staves valiantly course after course, the
encounter ceased not til they had furnished their five
courses, so was the lorde Edmonde delyvered by the French
kynge.

Then ranne the kinge of Englande to a strong gentle-
man named Rafi^e Broke and brake his spere, and ranne
course after course tyll he had finished his courses right
nobly and lyke a prince of most valiaunce. The resydue

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ceassed not tyll they had eche delivered other of their
chalenge.

Friday the xv. day of June the king of England mounted
on a courser royall, his person armed at all peces, his apparell
and trapper was the one syde riche cloth of gold, of tissue,
the other side of cloth of Tissue of silver, and cloth of
golde of Tissue entered ounde the one with the other the
ounde is warke wavynge up and doune, and all the borders
aswell trapper as other was garded with letters of fine golde,
and on the other side that was ounde was set with sygnes
called cyfers of fine gold, the which were set with great and
(OTiental perles, the cifers signified letters knit together in a
knot, which was to wete, God my frend, my redme and I
may. This was the devyse and reason thereof, al the
kinges bende were appareUed in lyke apparell.

The French king likewise armed at all pointes mounted
on a courser royal, al his apparel as wel bardes as garmentes
were purple velvet entred the one with the other, em-
brodered ful of litle bokes of whit sattin, and in the bokes
were written a me, about the borders of the bardes and the
borders of the garmentes, a chayne of blew like Iron resem-
bling the chaine of a wel or prison chayne, which was
enterpreted to be Liber, a booke, wythin this boke was
wrytten as is sayde a me, put these two together and it
maketh libera me, the chayne betokeneth prison or bondes
and so maketh together in Englysh, delyver me of bondes,
put to the reason, the first day, second day, and third day, of
chaunge, for he chaunged but the second day, and it is, hart
fastened in paine endles, when she delivereth me not of bondes,
thus was thinterpretacion made, but whether it wer so in all
thynges or not I may not say. Now is ready the two
kinges and princes and all their retayne abidynge the
aunsweres, and after salutacions made to the Quenes being
by their stages, they toke thende of the title.

Ready was Mounsire Florengis and with him xii. men of
armes with coursers barded : the bardes and appaarel was
crymosyn velvet, tawny velvet, and Plunket velvet, em-
brodered borderwyse with sheperdes hokes of cloth of silver.
When they wyth honour had passed about the title, the
reverence to the Quenes and ladies done, the two kynges
had their speres ready, then began the rushyng of speres,
the kynge of England this day ranne so freshly and so many

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courses, that one of his best coursers was dead that nyght,
this band was delyvered man after man of their pretence
of Justes.

Then entered bendes of Mounsire de Rambeurs and Moun-
sire de Pyns, eche havyng xi. persones in nomber, the one
band all whit Satten enbrodered with blacke, and the other
all blacke, dropped with silver droppes and after reverence
done to the quenes, at the end of the tilte toke their places.
Then began a new encounter hard and sore, many of them
bare great strokes of the kinges, to their honor : when these
bendes wer delivered, the Heraldes cryed a lostel and the
princes them disarmed and went to lodgynge.

Saterday the xviii. day of June the French kyng with a
small nombre came to the castle of Guisnes about the hour
of viii. in the mornynge the king being in his privy chambre,
had therof knowledge, who with glad hast went to receyve
the same French king, and him met and welcomed in frendly
and honorable maner, and after communicacion betwene
them had, the king of England departed, leaving the French
king ther in the sumpteous place before named. Then was
busy the lord chamberlaine, the lord Stewarde and al other
officers to make ready feast and chere, it were to longe to
reherce al, for suche a feaste and banquet was then made,
that of long tyme before the lyke had not bene sene.

The king of England thus departed, he toke his horse
and wyth compaignie of noble men rode to Arde, where the
French quene and other noblemen him received with muche
honour. After which receyving he was by the sayd quene
and lordes brought into a chamber hanged with blew velvet
embrodered with flowers delice of cloth of gold, wherein
was a great bedde of like worke, from whence he was
conveighed into another chamber, in the which was a kinges
state : hys chamber was hanged and siled with cloth of gold,
embrodered wyth great cordelles or fryers knottes of cloth
of silver. In the same chambre wer two cupbordes on
either syde one, furnyshed with great and goodly plate
gilt. Noble feasting and chere was there made. After
diner the ladies dressed them to daunce, the king the more
to glad the quene and the sayde ladies, departed secretly and
aut hym self with xxix. persons more in maskers apparel,
1 ryrst x. young honorable lordes apparelled after the maner
of Ry and Reuel in Kuselande or farre Estland. Fyrst
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King Henry the VIII.

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theyr hosen of rych gold satten called Aureate satten, over-
rouled to the kne with skarlet, and on theyr fete, shoen
with litle pykes of white nayles after the Estlande guise,
theyr doublettes of ryche crimosin velvet and cloth of gold
with wide sieves lyned with cloth of gold, over thys they
had clokes of crymosyn velvet short, lyned with cloth of
gold, on every syde of the clokes ringes of silver with laces
of Venice gold, and on their heades thei had Jiajtes_madejn]
the toun e of Danske and Purses of Seales skynnes, and
gyrdles~ot the same : all these yong lordes had visers, on
their faces and their hattes were drawen lyke hatbondes full
of Damaske gold.

Other X. lordes were apparelled in long gounes of blewe
Satten of the auncient fashion embrodered wyth reasons of
golde that sayde adieu Junesse fare well youthe : they had
typpettes of blacke velvet and hattes hangynge therby, and
on their heades, high violette standynge cappes and girdelles
of silke, and Purses of cloth of golde after the auncyent
maner, with visers, their faces of lyke auncyentie.

Then was ther another compaignie of x. lordes in which
maskery the king was hym selfe, apparelled all in longe
garmentes of estate all pale riche clothe of golde, all these
had rych gounes which were lyned with grene Taffata, and
knit with poinctes of Venice silver wherwith the rych clothe
together was fastened on their faces visers, and al the berdes
were fyne wyer of Duket golde, the Drunslad plaiers and
other minstrels arayed in whit, yelow and russet Damaske,
these mynstrels blew and played, and so passed throughe the
citie of Arde. All these noble revelers came into the French
court and put them In presence of the French Quene and
ladies : and when the Quene had them beholden, these
revelers toke ladies and daunsed, in passynge the tyme right
honorably. Then at thinstaunce of the French quene and
her ladies these maskers and revellers them disvisered,
shewinge them what persons thei wer. Then spices, fruites,
jelies and banket viandes wer brought, that done and ended,
the king toke his leave of the French quene and ladies and
in secret places every one visered him selfe, so that they
were unknowen, and so passed through the French court,
to whome were brought xxx. horses trapped in Damaske,
whyte and yelowe, and so in maskeler passed the toune of
Arde, into the felde or campe.

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But now to tell of the feast and riches royall that was in
the presence of the French kyng in the newe palaice roiall.
This daye the Quene of England received the French king
with all honor that was accordynge. In presence lacked
neither clothes of estat nor other riches, for to shew the
multitude of silver and golde in plate and vessel there that
daye, it were impossible : for all noble men were served
in gilte vessel, and all other in silver vessel. When the
Frenche kinge had wasshed and in hys estate was set, he
was ryght honorably served in all thinges nedefull, for
Forestes, Parkes, felde, sake seas, Ryvers, Moates and
Pondes, wer serched and sought through countreies for the
delicacie of viandes, wel was that man rewarded that could
bring any thinge of likinge or pleasure : Ryght honorably
was the French kynge entertayned, and al other after their
degre and state. When the French kyng had wasshed,
then the ladies came and profered them selves to daunce,
and so dyd in the French kinges presence, which done, the
French kynge tooke leave of the Quene and ladies of the
court. The reverend father lord Cardinall accompaignied
with the Duke of Buckyngham, and other great lordes
conducted forward the French Kyng, and in their waye
they encountred and met the King of England and his
company right in the valy of Anderne apparelled in their
Maskinge apparell, whyche gladded the French King.
After reverence done, the sayd two Kinges departed for
that nyght.

Monday the xviii. daye of June, there blewe such stormes
of wind and wether that marvaill was to hear, -for whiche
hideous tempest som said it was a very pronosticacion of
trouble and hatred to come betwene princes.

Tewsday the xix. day of June, the two valiant chalengers
kynges at houre convenient entered into the feld armed at
al pieces, abiding the comers. Then entered Mounsire
Bonival and his bend xiiii. persons in nomber wel armed
riding on barded horses, their apparell was black velvet and
cloth of golde bilet wyse and fayre plumes on their heades,
and after reverence done to the quenes, al ready beyng on
their stages they toke their places at the ende of the tilte.

Ready were the speres, the French king charged and
ranne course after course and dyd nobly. Also the King
of England ranne surely and lost no course til Mounsire

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King Henry the VIII. 211

Bonivall and his bende was delivered, the kinges and their
retayne did not cease.

Then entered xvii. persones roially armed, the bend of the
duke of Burbon ridyng on barded coursers, their apparell
was white velvet, tawny and blacke velvet, entred together
and all bordered with clothe of golde garnished with plumes
of the same colours on their heades, they saluted the quenes
and ladies and toke thende of the tilte as they that came to
furnyshe thende of the chalenge of Justes.

The kyng of England was ready and strake his horse
with the spurres and so fiersly ran to the countre partie that
his graund grave gard was lose with the great stroke that
the king gave him : course after course the King lost none,
but evermore he brake his spere, and so nobly ended his
Justes royal, for this daye ended the kyngs great chalenge,
and of the king oure sovereygne lordes doynges, all men
there that him behelde reported his doynges (so valiante
were his factes) evermore in honor to be renoumed. The
French King on hys part ran valiantly breaking speares
egrely and so wel ended his chalenge of Justes, that he
ought ever too bee spoken of. When the bende of the
duke of Burbon was of their pretence of chalenge delyvered,
they toke leave and departed.

Wednisday, the xx. day of June, the two Kinges began
to hold turneyes with al the parteners of their chalenge,
armed at al pieces. The French kinge and his bend were
apparelled, their bard covered with purple sattyn, broched
wyth golde and purple velvet, over al brodered wyth gar-
londes of friers knottes of whyt satten, and in every
garlonde liii. paunse flowers, wjiiche_signifisd,__thinke__on,
Fraunces, to whom he spake was not knowen, goodly and
ryclTwas their apparel.

The King of England mounted on a courser of Napels
barded and after hym al the fayre bend of his retayne on
coursers barded, the bardes and apparell was the one side
rych clothe of Tyssue enbrodered, and lined with rich cloth
of silver, al the outward part was cutte, the other syde was
russet velvet poudered with gold or purpled with gold,
enbrodered with a great rocke or mountayne, and a picture
of an armed knyght on a courser barded, vauncynge himself
upon that hil : then was on the same in ryche enbrodery
a picture of a ladie comming out of a cloude strikinge the

knight

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knight into the body with an arowe a deadly wounde, and
beneth on the borders were written in letters enbrodered
that sayde, in love whoso mounteth, passeth in perill, this was
the devise, so was the kynge of Englande apparelled and
al hys parteners of chalenge.

The quene of Fraunce and the quene of Englande were
in the places appointed for their honors. The Judges were
on stages to marke with the king of Heraldes that was for
Fraunce named Roy mon Joy, and for England kyng of
armes Garter, to marke and wryte the dedes of noblemen :
every person toke a naked sworde in his hande, the trum-
pettes blewe al waitinge to ride and runne, the French
kynge and the king of England together entred, and their
bendes, and reverenced the quenes, and rode about the plg,ce,
and then toke the ende of the felde in their abode.

Now again souned the trumpettes, the Heraldes broughte
into the bendes of divers noble and wel armed men on
horses barded, that is to wete : First the duke of Alanson
and X. men of armes on his bend, the lord Admyrals bend
xii. menne of armes, and Mounsire Gywer and ix. in nomber
of men of armes all gentlemen, Mounsire Trenoyll wyth xi.
men of armes, mounsire Liskew and with him xi. men of
armes on his bende, the Marques de Salons and xii. men of
armes on hys bend, al on horses barded, and naked swordes
in their handes.

Then the two kinges put doune their visers and rode
to the encountre valiantly, and for trouth strake and recevied
great strokes, but verely the two kinges bet their countre
parties to disarming, and then were they departed and that
battail ceased : then went other, evermore two for two, till
it came to the kynges agayne, at whiche it neded not to put
them in remembraunce : for coragiously the two kynges
newely foughte with great randon and force, they shewed
their vigors and strengthes and did so nobly that their
countre parties had none advauntage. When they had thus
eche of them fought iiii. battailes, then came Mounsire
Liskew with whom the king of England had fought one
battayll, and presented the kynge wyth hys horse, which
the kyng gentely receyved and for love, incontinent mounted
on hym, and ther fought the v. battayle ryght valyantly.
Thus was the turney delivered honorably for that day.

Thursday the xx. day of June, the quene of England and

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the French quene were come to the campe in roialtie like
unto their estates, the ii. kynges were in the felde armed
and apparelled, the Frenche kyng and his bend on coursers
barded, their bardes covered with purple broched satten and
purple velvet right royally, without any more enbrodering.
The kynge of Englande was mounted on a horse of force
and courage royally and nobly apparelled he and his retain
in sute lyke. The apparel was of cloth of silver of damaske
bordered wyth letters of cloth of golde of damaske all the
borders, on the bardes and apparell were litle mountaynes
and springing braunches of Basyle, wrought all of fyne gold,
and every braunche, lefe and stalke, was lose and waverynge,
all thycke and full of leaves and braunches, that vneth was
the clothe of sylver sene, the reasons written on the borders
was thus : Breake not these swete herbes of the riche mounte,
doute for dammage. Thys apparel was mervailous freshe and
fayre : thus the two kinges and theyr retayne tooke the
felde. Then entered the Earle of Devonshyre cosyn to the
kyng of England and xvi. honorable persones in hys bende
well armed.

Then came Mounsire Florenges and xii. persones on hys
bende, then came Mounsire de Rambeurs Mounsyre de
Pyns and ix. men of armes on his bend, then came the bend
of Mounsire de Bonyval hym self, and xiii. men of armes
on his bende, then came the bend of Mounsire de Burbon
and xviii. men of armes, al wel and warlyke horsed and
armed and ever ye of these bendes after their devises ap-
pareilled ryghte rychely.

The two noble kinges were ready and either of theim
encountred one man of armes, the French kyng to the erle
of Devonshire, the king of England to Mounsire Florenges.
The kyng of England bare back Mounsire Florenges and
brake his Poldron and him disarmed, when the strokes were
striken, this battaill was departed, it was much praised.
Then on went swordes and doune went visers, ther was litle
abidinge. Sir Jhon Nevell, Mayster Fraunces Bryan, sir
Rouland, and mayster Robart Garnyngham were this day
as aides for the hurt persons that before wer of the entertayn,
and fought fervently battail after battaill and none ceased
till they all that woulde entre were delivered of their pre-
tence in chalenge royall pretenced. This daye was the
chalenge of Turnays after the articles ended, and all noble

men

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THE XII. men delivered and so departed the felde : then the kinges
YERE rode about the feld as honor of armes required, and the
[1520-21] Herauldes cryed la fine des 'Tumayes, by the sayde ii. noble
princes, the xxi. day of June.

Fryday the xxii. daye of June in the campe was set a
barrier for to fyght on foote, also an Hale of the kynges of
Englande was sette in the same place, enbrodered with
cloudes of blewe, and oute of the cloudes the Sunne risinge,
the valence of the same was wrytten in letters of blewe
enbrodered, dieu et mon droit, in whyche Hale the Lordes
and other of the entertaync of the chalenge armed theim
selfes.

Nowe was the noble kynges ready to do battaylle on foote
at the Barriers, the Quenes on their stages : then entered
bende after bend on foote and preased to the Barriers,
everye one in hys hande a Punchion spere, wherwith wyth-
out any abode foyned and lashed alwayes one at another,
two for twoo as the lotte fell. When the speares were
spent, then swordes to them were geven. Then preased to
the Barriers the two valyaunte kynges, and other, then was
no tariynge but fought with suche force that the fier sprang
out of their armure. Thus bende after bende they were
all delivered by the two noble kinges and their aydes of
retayne.

Then in came a bend with two hande swordes and cast-
inge dartes to answere to that chalenge xii. menne wel armed,
which presed to the barriers and mightely threw theyr
speares the one to the other, ready or not ready, none
favored other more then two enemies or at utterance, and
ever still two for twoo, til al were delivered concernynge
the chalenge, so this same two kinges safe in body and
limmes ended the battaill for that daye at the barriers wyth
great honor.

Al men of armes passed and departed for that time, much
preparacion was made there, as setting up tentes, hales, and
other places for furnishyng of houses of offices, and chambers
of estates for the kynges and quenes, and also the same
night was in the campe rered a large frame of tymber worke
for a chapell place, whyche was siled with ryche clothes
embrodered, wherin was made a stage of two degrees, with
the chaire and cloth of state for the lorde Cardinall, the
alter apparelled wyth all Juelles missal of greate riches, the

same

King Henry the VIII.

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same chapel thus finished the xxiii. day of June beyng
Satterday, at houre convenient, the said lord Cardinal sang
an highe and solempne masse by note before the two kynges
and quenes : the same done, Indulgence was geven to all
hearers, the two kynges together associate tooke their
chamber. Of thys masse in Flaunders arose muche com-
municacion, in so muche that the common voyce went, how
the ii. kinges wer sworne together on the sacrament whyche
was contrary, for the masse was for none other entent then
to geve Indulgence to the kynges.

When tyme was, the two kynges washed and satte to
meat under their clothes of estate, where they were rychly
served, the royaltie of the fare and the ryches of vessel,
plate and JueUes surmounteth the witte of man to expresse :
the quenes in another Chamber wer served with no lesse
honor, the dyner ended, the sayd straungers royally appar-
elled, presented them selfes in places of estate.

To tel you the apparel of the ladies, their rych attyres,
their sumptuous JueUes, their diversities of beauties, and
the goodly behavyor from day to day syth the first meting,
I assure you ten mennes wyttes can scace declare it.

The two noble kinges put them selfes in armes with their
bend and entered the felde on foote, before the barriers,
then entered the bendes of men of armes in armur ryght
rychly, then al was ready and the two kynges at the barriers
ready to fyght ryght noblye. Thys daye was delivered at
barriers by battail, a C. and vi. persones, the ii. last battails
did the kynges. The kyng of England with few strokes
disarmed his counter partie. The French kyng likewyse
bare him self right valiantly. Thus the sayd satterday was
fuUy ended, and all men delivered of articles of Justes and
all Turneys and battailes on foote by the sayde two noble
kynges.

After this chalenge honorably performed, the kynges
prepared divers maskers, and especially of the king of
England, had iiii. companies, and in every company x.
persones apparelled as you shall heare.

The firste persone of the firste x. was appareilled like
Hercules in a shirt of silver of damaske written in letters of
purple about the border, en femes et infauntes cy petit assur-
ance, whyche in Englyshe is as muche to saye : In women
and children is litle assuraunce : he had on his head a whode

with

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with a garlonde of grene damaske cutte into leaves like
Vyne leaves and Hawthorne leaves, in hys hande a club
covered wyth grene damaske full of prickes : the Lyons
skyn abcJUte his backe was of cloth of gold of damaske,
wrought and frysed wyth flatte gold of Damaske for the
heeres, and buskins of gold on his legges. Other thre were
apparelled for Hector, Alexandre and Julius Casar, in
( Turkay Jubbes of grene cloth of gold wrought lyke chamblet
j very richly, and on their hedes bonettes of Turkay fashyon,
( of cloth of gold of Tyssue, and clothe of sylver rolled in
C Cypres kerchefFes after the Panyns fashyon, and girdles of
■ cloth of gold wyth pendantes of the same cutt in greate
flages, and every one buskins of grene damaske, and thre
other lyke Princes of Jury for David, Josue, and Judas
Machabeus : these thre were in longe gounes of russet
Tinsel satten with great wide sieves lined with cloth of gold
pendant and great tippettes of the same cloth of gold
bauderlcke wise and whodes of the same, buskyns of grene
damaske, their vysers had berdes of fyne golde : the other
thre were for Christen prynces, as Charlemaine, Arthur and
Godfry de Bulloigny. These thre were apparelled in long
vestures of calendrgd cloth of golde and purple clothe of
gold broched together, with whoddes and cappes of the
-same, visers and buskyns of grene Damaske.

Other X. wer apparelled in cotes of crimosyn Sattin al
over covered with quaterfoyles of cloth of gold, of tissue,
and clothe of sylver raysed, the gold was frynged with
sylver, and the silver wyth gold and layde lose on the
Crirnosyn Sattgn, and every quaterfoyle was knyt to other
with laces of gold. Over that the said x. persones had
every one a large mantle or Robe of crimosyn satten en-
brodered full of fygures of golde and on their heades
bonettes of stoole worke of gold of damaske, and every one
had on hys vyser a berde of g olde wyer with whoddes and
buskyns of crimosyn Satten. '

Ten of the ladies were appareled after the Genowayes
fashyon, the ground of their gounes was whit Satten, over
diapred with right crimosyn satten and gold of Damaske,
and on their heades square bonettes of damaske golde,
rolled wyth lose gold that did hange doune at their backes,
with kerchiefes or cleres of fyne Cypres.

The other x. ladles were attyred after the fashyon of

Millayne,

King Henry the VIII.

217

Millayne, in ryche Tyssue and clothe of sylver raysed,
parted, travers, and ruffed sieves with foresleves pendant,
knit with poyntes of gold and caules or coyfes of gold
piped, and Myllayne bonettes of crimosyn satten drawen
throughe wyth clothe of golde. Thus the kynge of Eng-
land, and xix. noblemen with him and his sister Quene
Marye dowager of Fraunce and xix. ladies with her like
maskers apparelled as you have heard, all mounted on horses
trapped in velvet white and yelow, and evermore a lord and
a lady rydyng together, with mynstrelsie departed out of
Guysnes on sonday the xxiiii. day of June and toke their
way toward Arde, and in the way on the banke of Anderne
these maskers met with the Frenche kyng, beyng in a
chariot with xxxviii. persones richely apparelled in Maskyng
apparell, and eche compaigny passed by other without any
countenaunce makyng or disviseryng.

The Frenche kyng and his compaignie went to Guysnes,
the king of England to Arde, where his majestic was received
into the French court, and brought into the chamber of
riche appareU, where at the instance of the French Quene
the kinge and al hys, them disvisered and shewed theyr
faces, and al the ladies of England likewyse, then began
feast and chere to aryse, the king of England was set, and
after all the ladies and Maskers of England, and were nobly
served of many straung^ meates : After diner began the
daunces in passing the tyme joyouslye.

The French Maskers apparel was not all of one suite, but
of several fashions, of divers silkes, some cut, some broched,
some had plumes that were very fayre, but very beautiful!
was the syght.

The Frenche kinge and his company was then at Guisnes,
where the quene of England met and welcomed them.
Then the French king and his Maskers shewed themselfes
bare faced, and when the Quene them saw she did then the
more reverence. Greate was the chere that then was there.
After dyner and daunces done, the French king drew him
self into a secret chamber and put from hym his apparel of
maskery and toke to him hys apparell of usaunce, in the
whyche were many fair Emeraudes, this done, he toke his
leave of the quene, and on the court he loked with a high
countenaunce and so departed, the lord Cardinal and the
duke of Buckingham him conductinge, the king of Englande,

this

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this tyme durynge, was at Arde, where he passed the time
with much solas. At tyme convenient he toke leave of the
Frenchmen and all other of the French court, and after
they had visered them selfes they rode nobly thus appar-
elled through the towne of Arde, and so passed till they
came to the campe, where as all the chalenges were finished,
and there the French kyng perceiving the commyng of the
English maskers, stode still beholding them. Then the
kyng of Englande put of his viser and preased unto the
French king: then the two kinges embrased and amiably
together communed, after which communicacion eyther of
other by kyngelye salutynge tooke leave, and for remem-
braunce eyther to other gave gyftes. The kynge of Eng-
land gave to the Frenche kynge a coUoure of Jewels of
precyouse stoones called Balastes the Sanker furnyshed wyth
greate Dyamantes and Perles. The Frenche kynge gave
to the Kynge of Englande a Bracelet of precyouse stones,
riche Jewels and fayre, and so departed the sayde two noble
Kynges, the sayd xxiiii. day of June, which was sonday and
Midsomerday.

During this triumph so much people of Picardie and
West Flaunders drew to Guysnes to se the kyng of England
and his honor, to whom vitailes of the court were in plentie,
the conduicte of the gate ranne wyne alwayes, there wer
vacaboundes, plowmen, laborers and of the bragery wagoners
and beggers that for drunkennes lay in routes and heapes,
so great resort thether came, that both knightes and ladies
that were come to se the noblenes, were fayne to lye in hay
and strawe, and helde theim therof hyghly pleased. From
the court of the Emperor, nor of the lady Margarete court,
nor of Flaunders, Brabant nor Burgoin came never a persone
to aunswere to the chalenge : By that it semed that ther
was smal love betwene the Emperor and the Frenche kynge :
Moreover Mounsire Fayot captayne of Boleyn wyth Moun-
syre Chattelon did theyr devoyer to have taken the toune
of sainct Omer, of which doyng was thought no goodes to
the Emperor.

Monday the xxv. day of June, the kyng of England and
the Quene and al the court removed from Guysnes to the
toune of Caleys and ther made the king his abode, where
was concluded the metinge of the Emperor with the kyng,
wherfore was made newe and great provisions.

In

King Henry the VIII.

219

In the tyme of the triumph there was a muttering that
the toune of Caleys should be rendred into the French
kynges handes, and for trueth the Frenchmen so spake and
saydj wherwith many Englishmen wer greved.

While the king lay thus in Caleys, he considered the
charge of hys nobles, and thought that lesse nombre of
servauntes would now serve them for the tyme of his
abode, and so caused the Cardinal to cal al the gentlemen
before him, whiche in the kinges name gave to theim
thankes with much commendacions, and for eschewing of
coste, because the king taried but the Emperors comminge,
he licensed them to send home the halfe nombre of their
servauntes and bad them after their long charges to live
warely, this terme warely was amongest the most part taken
for barely, at which saying the gentlemen sore disdayned.

Thus in Caleys rested the king and the quene until the x.
day of July. Then the kinges grace with goodly repayr
rode to the toune of Graveling in Flaunders ther that night
to rest and se the Emperor, on the kynge wer wayting the
lorde Cardinall, Dukes, Marquises, Erles, bishops. Barons,
knightes, and gentlemen. The noble Emperor passed the
water of Graveling, and at a place called Wael, there he
mete and receyved the kinge of Englande, the Emperor
made such semblant of love to all the court of Englande
that he wan the love of thenglishmen, and so passed the
Emperor and the king of England to Graveling, where the
kynge lodged the best that might be, all lordes, gentlemen,
yomen, and all sortes of Englishmen from the highest to
the lowest were so chered and feasted, with so loving maner
that much they praysed Themperors court. In Gravelyng
was the Emperors Aunte Margarete, she welcomed the
kinge and other noble men of the realme.

When the French king and his lordes had knowlege of
the metynge of the Emperor and the kyng of England in
the towne of Gravelinge, they were therwith greately greved,
as by many thinges appered for after the Englishmen were
in Fraunce disdained, and in their suites ther greatly deferred
and had litle right and muche lesse favor, so from day to
day still more and more began hartbrenning, and in con-
clusion open warre did arryse betwene the two realmes.

Wednisday the xi. day of July, the Emperor and the lady
Margaret came with the king of England to the toune of

Caleys,

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Caleys, the Emperor and the lady Margaret were lodged in
Staple hal, and al gentlemen and other lodged in other places
right well prepared of all necessaries for their comming :
and for solas was buylded a banqueting house 800 foote
round, after a goo'dly devyse, builded upon Mastes of
shyppes in suche maner as I thinke was never sene, for
in it was the whole speare portrated, which by reason of
the great winde that blewe, coulde not be acheved, the same
day at night, the king and xv. persones wer apparelled all in
black Velvet covered with cloth of golde, cut on the velvet,
fastened with knottes of gold, on the whiche knottes honge
spangels of golde lyke tuftes and bonettes of the same and
clokes of crimosyn Satten and cloth of gold wrapped travers,
and their buskyns of the same clothe of gold. Al these lusty
maskers went to the Emperors lodging and were received
and in the chambre of presens daunced and revelled, the
which at the Emperors request, the kinge and other theim-
selves disvisered, whereby the king was knowen : then the
kynge toke his leave and departed for that nyght.

Tewsday the xii. day of July, because the banquet house
could not be finished, the Emperor and the lady margaret
supped with the king and the quene at the checker, where
the same night after supper revelled Ixxxxvi. Maskers : after
the revelles was a banquet : After whych banket the kyng
brought the Emperor and the lady Margaret to the Staple,
and after withdrew hym.

This night was viii. compaignyes of maskers, and in every
compaignie xii. persones all in gold, silver and velvet rychely
appareilled, but because the rome was small, the shew was
the lesse.

In these revelles were put in maskers apparel divers gentle-
men of the French court unweting to the kyng or any other
that bare rule, for divers yong gentlemen of the French
court favored more the Frenche partie, then the Emperors
paftie, through which meanes thei saw and much more heard
then they should have done.

Friday, the xiii. day of July, the Emperor did entend to
have departed from Caleys, but the counsail was suche that
he departed not that night. The charters before tyme con-
cluded, there were redde, and to the Emperor declared al
the whole articles of high peace and league tripertite, to
which the French kynge had assented and fully contented,

and

King Henry the VIII. 221

and for the more exemplificacion of the same, he sent the
lorde de Roche wyth letters of credence to signifie to the
Emperors Majestie that to the same articles he the Frenche
kyng promised in the worde of a king as prince faythfuU,
to observe and kepe for him and his realme and subjectes.
Thus by the lord de Roche in the Emperors presence and
before the king of England in the name of his master there
shewed the Frenche kynges will in the toune of Caleys
with many high and urgent causes concernyng the princes,
whereby the Emperor went not out of Calays that night, by
whiche abode the emperors servauntes were muche in doubt
of the Emperors persone.

Saterday the xiiii. day of July, about none the Emperor
toke leave of the quene of England his aunte and of her traine
of ladies, the kyng with all his nobles conducted the Emperor
on his way to a village towardes Flaunders called Wael,
wher the Emperor enbrased the kyng, and him betoke to
almightie God, and the kyng gave to him a courser of
Naples richely apparelled.

The kyng toke leave of the Duches of Savoye great aunte
to the Emperor and of all nobles of the Emperors court, and
so departed, smal tyme in Calayce the kyng made abode, but
in goodly hast shipped and with the quene and all other
nobles in safetie tooke lande. And after passed the tyme
of Sommer with huntyng and other sportes honorably and
made no great jestes this yere.

This yere the kynge kept his Christmas at his Maner of
Grenewiche with muche noblenes and open court. And the
X. day of February in his owne person Justed to all comers,
and the xii. day his grace and therle of Devonshyre with iiii.
aydes answered at the Turnay all comers which were xvi.
persones, noble and riche was their apparel, but in feates of
armes the kyng excelled the rest.

In this tyme was Edwarde Duke of Buckyngham accused
to the kyng of high treason, wherfore the kynges grace by
the advise of hys counsail, sent and directed his letters to
the sayd duke, beyng at his maner of Thornbury in the
countie of Glocester, that incontinent he shoulde come to his
presence all excuses layde aside. Also the kynge gave com-
maundement to sir Willyam Cumpton, sir Richard Weston,
and Sir Willyam Kyngston knightes for the kynges bodye,
to take with them secret power and also serjauntes at armes,

and

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and that thei shoulde wisely take hede that when the duke
had received the kynges letters, he should not convey hym-
selfe, whiche they wisely accomplished.

The sayd Duke upon the sight of the kynges letters
removed, and so jornied tyll he came to Wyndsore, and
there offered at S. George, and alwayes not farre from him
awaitynge his demeanor, were the same knightes liyng. The
Duke lodged in Wyndsore for that night, and as it was well
proved, he mervailously feared, inso muche that he called
unto him a servaunt of the Kynges named Thomas Ward,
the same Thomas Ward was gentleman Herbenger for the
kyng, and demaunded of him what he made there, who
answered, saiyng that ther lay his office, there the duke
perceived that he could not escape. And so muche was he
in spirit troubled that as he was at breakefast his meat would
not doune, yet he made good countenaunce, and shortly
toke his horse, and so rode till he came to Tothill besides
Westminster where he toke his barge : before this tyme was
the dukes chauncellour taken and as a prisoner kept in the
tower, whiche had confessed matter of high treason concern-
yng the kynges persone.

When the Duke was in his barge, he commaunded to
lande at my lorde Cardinals bridge, where he landed wyth
foure or five of his servauntes, desiryng to see the same
lorde Cardinall, but to hym was answered how the same
lorde was diseased, well sayd the duke yet wyll I drynke of
my lordes wyne or I passe, then a Gentleman of my Lordes
brought the Duke with muche reverence into the Seller,
where the duke dranke.

When he sawe and perceived no chere to him was made,
he chaunged colour and so departed to hys barge, saiynge to
his servauntes, I mervaill where my chauncellor is, that he
commeth not to me, not knowynge that he was in prison.

The duke thus in his barge commyng towardes London,
sir Henry Marney capitaine of the Kynges Garde, on him
attendyng C. yomen of the Kynges garde in a barge on the
ryver of Thames met the same duke, and without abode
horded the dukes barge and hym in the kynges name
attached. And then from him were put his servauntes,
and the duke was brought to the Haie wharfe and there
landed, the dukes servauntes were commaunded to go to
the Maner of the Rose in saincte Larence Pountnay, and

there

King Henry the VIII.

223

there to abide till the Kynges pleasure were further
knowen.

Sir Henry Marnay brought the duke through the Thames
strete to the Tower of London, the people muche mused
what the cause might be, and for trouth tyll it was knowen,
among theim was muche speakyng. There was also attached
a Monke of a Charterhouse besides Bristow called Henton,
also Mayster Jhon Delaker the Dukes Confessor, and the
dukes Chauncellor before mencioned, al were In the Tower
prisoners. The xvi. day of April was the same Duke brought
tn the Tower. Alas the whyle that ever ambicion shoulde
be the losse of so noble a man, and so muche in the Kynges
favor, by hym all Lordes and other may beware how they
geve credence to false prophesies, or false hypocrites. For
a Monke of the Charter house shewed the Duke that he
shoulde be Kynge of Englande, whych to the Kynges per-
sone coulde be no higher treason. Alas that ever he gave
credence to suche a false traitor.

THE XIII. YERE.

IN this tyme inquiries were made in divers shyres of
Edwarde Duke of Buckyngham beynge prisoner in
the tower of London, where, by the knightes and
gentlemen, there he was endited of high treason for certaine
wordes spoken by the same Duke in Blechyngly to the
Lorde Aburgenye, the same Lorde was attached for con-
sailement, and the Lord Mountague the kynges Cosyn and
both ledde to the Tower. And sir Edward Nevell knight,
brother to the sayd lorde Aburgeney forbidden the kynges
presence.

The Duke of Northfolke was made by the kynges letters
patentes high Steward of Englande, to accomplishe the high
cause of appele of the Piere or Pieres of the realme, and to
decerne and judge the causes of the pieres, &c.

Wherfore shortly after was made in Westmynster hall a
scaiFolde for the Lordes and a presence for a Judge, railed
and counter railed about, and barred with degrees. The
Duke of Northfolke was chiefe Judge, and many Pieres of
the realme, as the Duke of SufFolke, the Marques Dorcet,
the Erles of Worcester, Devonshyre, Essex, Shrewisbury,

Kent,

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Kent, Oxford, and Darby, the lorde of S. Jhons, Lorde
Delaware, lorde Fitz Warren, Lorde Wylloughby, Lorde
Broke, Lorde Cobham, lorde Harbert, and the lorde Mor-
ley, satte as Peres and judges upon the same duke of
Buckyngham.

When the lordes had taken their places, sir Thomas
Lovell and sir Richard Chomley knightes, brought the duke
to the barre with thaxe of the Tower before him, who
humbly bareheaded reverenced the duke of Northfolke,
and after all the lordes and the kinges lerned counsaill.
Then the Clarke of the counsail sayd, sir Edward duke
of Buckyngham hold up thy hande, thou art endited of
high treason, for that thou traitorously hast conspired and
ymagined as farre as in thee lay to shorten the life of our
soveraigne lorde the kyng : of this treason how wi^t thou
acquite thee, the Duke answered by my Peres.

And when thenditement was openly redde, the duke sayd,
it is false and untrue and conspired and forged to bryng me
to my death, and that wil I prove, allegyng many reasons
to falsefy the inditement, and against his reasons the kynges
Atturnay alleged the examinacions, confessions and proves
of witnesses.

The Duke desired the witnesses to be brought furth,
then was brought before hym Syr Gylbert Perke prieste his
Chauncellor, fyrst accuser of the same Duke, Maister Jhon
Delacourt priest, the Dukes Confessor and his owne hand
writyng layde before hym to the accusement of the duke.
Charles Knevet Esquyer Cosyn to the Duke, and a Monke,
Prior of the Charterhouse besides Bathe, whiche like a false
ypocrite had enduced the Duke to the treason, and had
divers tymes sayd to the duke that he should be kyng of
England, but the duke sayd that in himselfe he never con-
sented to it. Divers presumpcions and accusementes wer
layde to him by Charles Knevet, which he would fain have
covered. The deposicions were redde, and the deponentes
were delivered as prisoners to the officers of the Tower.

Then spake the Duke of Northfolke, and sayd my lorde,
the kynge oure soveraigne Lorde hath commaunded, that
you shall have hys lawes ministred with favor and right to
you. Wherefore yf you have any other thinge to say for
your selfe you shalbe hard. Then he was commaunded to
withdrawe him, and so was led into Paradise a house so

named.

King Henry the VIII.

2-2.5

named. The Lordes went to counsaill a great while and
after tooke their places. Then sayd the Duke of North-
folke to the Duke of SufFolke, what say you of sir Edward
duke of Buckyngham touching the high tresons ? The Duke
of Suffolke answered, he is giltie, and so sayd the Marques
and all the other Earles and lordes : Thus was this prince
duke of Buckyngham founde giltie of high treason by a
Duke, a Marques, vii. Erles, and xii. Barons.

The Duke was brought to the barre sore chafyng and
swette mervailously, after he had made his reverence, he
paused a while. The duke of Northfolke as a Judge sayd,
sir Edward, you have heard how you be indited of high
treason, you pleaded thereto not gyltie, puttyng your selfe
to the peres of the realme, the whiche have found you
giltie : then the Duke of Northfolke wept and sayd, you
shalbe ledde to the kynges prison and there layde on a
Herdill and so drawen to the place of execucion, and there
to be hanged, cutte doune alive, your membres to be cutte
of and cast into the fyer, your bowels brent before you,
your head smytten of, and your body quartered and devyded
at the kynges wyll, and God have mercy on your soule.
Amen.

The Duke of Buckingham sayd, my lorde of Northfolke,
you have sayd as a traytor should be sayed unto, but I was
never none, but my lordes I nothyng maligne for that you
have done to me, but the eternall God forgeve you my
death and I do : I shall never sue to the kyng for life, how-
beit he is a gracious prince, and more grace may come from
hym then I desire. I desire you my lordes and all my
felowes to pray for me.

Then was the edge of the axe turned towardes him, and
so led into a barge. Sir Thomas Lovell desired him to sytte
on the cusshyns and carpet ordeined for him, he sayd nay,
for when I went to Westminster I was duke of Buckyng-
ham, nowe I am but Edwarde Bowhen the mooste caitifFe
of the worlde. Thus they landed at the Temple, where
received him sir Nicholas Vawse and sir Willyam Sandes
Baronetes and led him through the Citie, who desired ever
the people to pray for him, of whom some wept and lamented,
and sayd, this is thende of evill life. God forgeve him, he
was a proude prince. It is pitie that he behaved him so
against his kynge and liege lorde, whom God preserve. Thus

aboute

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aboute iiii. of the clocke he was brought as a cast man to
the Tower.

Frydaie the xvii. day of Maie, about xi. of the clocke.
This duke with a great power was delivered to Jhon Kyeme
and Jhon Skevyngton shyriiFes, who led him to the skaffolde
on Tower hill, where he sayd he had offended the kynges
grace through negligence and lacke of grace, and desired all
noblemen to beware by him, and al men to pray for him,
and that he trusted to dye the kynges true man. Thus
mekely with an axe he toke his death, on whose soule Jesu
have mercy. Then the Augustine friers toke the body and
head and buried them. Alas that ever the grace of truth
was withdrawen from so noble a man, that he was not to
his kyng in alegeaunce as he ought to have been, suche is
thende of ambicion, thende of false prophesies, thende of
evill lyfe and evill counsaill.

About this tyme Fraunces the Frenche kynge made open
warre against the Emperor Charles both by lande and sea.
The Provinces of Aragon, Castle, and all Spayne, Germany,
Brabant, Flaunders and the steades mainteined the partie
of the Emperor. The Kynges highnes consideryng the
murder and effusion of Christen bloud, and the trouble that
might ensue to al the princes of Christendome, by invasion
of the great Turke sent the Cardinall of Yorke his Chaun-
cellor by name lord Thomas Wolsey to his toune of Calayce
to intreate an amitie and peace betwene those two mightie
princes. For this voiage great preparacion was made, not
onely for him but also for the Earle of Worcestre then lorde
Chamberlayn, the lorde of S. Johns, the lord Ferrys, the
lorde Harbert, the bishop of Duresme, the bishop of Ely,
the Primate of Armicane, sir Thomas Boleyn, sir John
Peche, sir Jhon Hussey, Sir Richarde Wyngfelde, sir Henry
Gildforde, and many other Knightes, Esquiers, gentlemen.
Doctors, and learned menne. And thus honorably accom-
panied he rode through London the xxv. daye of July, and
at Thomas Beckettes house the Maier and Aldermen toke
leave of hym, praiyng God to send him good spede. Thus
passed he to Cantorbury where tharchebishop, and the bishop
of Cantorbury and other prelates received him in ponti-
ficalibus and brought him to his lodgyng under Canape
to the bishoppes palayce : the viii. day of Julye he came
to Dover : the xx. daye he and thother lordes with their

retinues

King Henry the VIII.

227

retinues toke passage, and arived at Calayce in safetie, where
the lorde Deputie and counsaill received theim wyth muche
honor, and lodged the Cardinall in the Staple hall.

Shortly after whose arivall, came thether the Chauncelor
of Fraunce and the Countie de Palays with iiii. C. horse, as
ambassadors from the Frenche kynge. And likewise from
the Emperor came great Ambassadors, and when thei satte
in counsail, the Emperors Ambassade shewed their Com-
mission and power. And even so did the Frenche kynges
Ambassade, which was more larger then the Emperors
commission. Thus when the grudges were declared on
bothe sides, when the Emperors Ambassadors consented
to peace, the French kynges would not. And when the
Frenche Ambassadors consented to peace, the Emperors
would not. The CardinaU then would have knitted the
Emperor, the kyng our soveraigne lorde, the Frenche kynge,
and the bishop of Rome in a league and amitie together :
the other Ambassadors had no suche Commission, especially
the bishop of Romes, where upon letters were sent to Rome
in all hast and the Frenchmen taried in Calayce till he
returned, and beheld the toune, with whiche the counsail of
Calaice wer not contented. Hereupon the Cardinal rode to
the Emperor accompanied with his Ambassadors (and left
the Frenche ambassadors in Calaice to abide his returne)
and passed by Gravelyng, Dunkirke, Newport, Owden-
borow, and sundry tymes in the waye he was encountred
and received with noble men. And without Bruges he was
received with many noble men, and many lordes and other
of the Emperors court, and a myle without Bruges the
Emperor his owne persone met him, and shewed to him
and to the other lordes and gentlemen of england gracious
countenaunce, and so accompanied the cardinall into the
toune, where great multitude of people beheld them, and so
rode to the Emperors palayce where he lighted, and fyrst
embrased the Cardinall and after all the lordes, knyghtes,
and gentlemen of Englande. It is to suppose the Emperor
knewe of the Commission geven to the sayd Cardinall,
whiche had the kynges power as if his grace had been
present, and also had the great seale wyth hym, whiche had
not been seen before, or els the Emperor woulde not have
done hym so high honor and reverence.

The Englishe lordes, knightes, esquiers, yomen of the

kynges

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kynges gard and other beyng to the nomber of iiii. C. Ix.
horse, were wel lodged every man after his degree, and every
lodgyng furnished with fewell, bread, bere, wyne, Beves,
Muttons, Veles, Lambes, Venison, and all maner deintie
viand aswell in fishe as fleshe, with no kcke of spices and
bankettyng dishes.

The next day after the great chere made to the lord
Cardinall and to all his lordes, knightes, gentlemen, and all
other lordes and knightes of England (in whose presence)
the Cardinall made his proposicion concernyng peace to
be had betwene the sayd Emperor and the French kyng
declaryn the calamities, misery, and wretchednes that came
by warre : and the commodities, benefite, and welth that
came by peace, concorde and tranquilitie, whiche proposi-
cion continued a great while : and when the Cardinall had
made an ende, the Emperor himselfe answered and said :
The lawe of God byndeth every man to claime and aske his
right, and that the same lawe byndeth no man to holde,
kepe, and withstande another mans right. Our cosyn of
Fraunce doeth wythholde our rightes and patrimonies whiche
we have princely desired, and eftsones wil, and if he wil
rendre to us our said rightes and patrimonies, we are con-
tented to have peace with hym and his subjectes, yf not we
trust in God and oure ryght that the troubles by your
fatherhed rehersed, shal come upon hym and his adherentes.
And for the titles of our regalitie, to putte that to the
bishop of Rome, we do consider that kynge Edwarde of
Englande the third of that name of noble memory, warred
by just title to recover the realme of Fraunce from Philip
de Valois, whiche title by intercession was put to the bishop
of Rome and his court, to discusse and expended there by
the space of xxiii. yeres undetermined, notwithstanding great
pursuite and labor was made to have it ended : Suche lyke
tyme shoulde be to us tedious, wherfore we entende by the
ayde of God to folowe our title.

The Cardinall replied and declared the league that was
betwene the thre mightyest princes of the worlde, that
is to saye, the Emperor, the kynge our soveraigne lorde
Henry the VIII. and the Frenche kyng, and how that to the
prince that fyrst moved warre, the other two should be
enemies unto hym, and sayd, beholde the mightie power and
puissaunt realme, riches, shippes, vitailes, and ordinaunce,

lordes.

King Henry the VIII.

229

lordeSj chivalry, horsemen, archers and comminaltie, this is
in the high and mightie kynge of England my soveraigne
lord, and he that fyrst warre beginneth, by the sayd league
my sayed soveraigne lorde to his honor may lefully spred
his baner and make warre in defence of his frende. For
this and other thynges my soveraigne lorde desires of your
highnes and majestie the consent of peace.

My lorde Cardinall sayd the Emperor, I esteme moste the
honor of my dere uncle the kynge of Englande and trust in
his assuraunce, that neither his royall person, his realme, his
power, Navye, nor ordinaunce shalbe but to our ayde in
assistynge our tried title, nor wiU consent to any thyng
in dishonoryng us or our Empire: God defende but we
shoulde humble our selfe to his request, our high honor
reserved. Lorde God who may esteme more higher injuries
and wronges then we in our person, our predecessours, and
our lovyng subjectes have endured by the house of Fraunce.
My lorde Cardinal! sayd the Emperor, their pride with our
honor we may and must apprehende and overthrow by the
help of God : With these wordes the counsaill brake up.

AU the lordes and menne of honor of England that day
dyned in the Emperors court.

When they were set and served, it came so to passe that
an honorable man of the Emperors as he sat at dyner sayd
thus. It is thought that the kynges Majestie of Englande
entendeth to make a peace. Alas that ever he shoulde
ymagyn a thyng so muche to the dishonor of the Emperor.
The icynge is his uncle, is it not come to his hearynge that
all the worlde heareth.? It was so that by assent of the
Byshoppe of Rome and other princes to make peace wyth
us, the Frenche partie after the battayll of Gyngate obtained
by Maximilian then archeduke of Osteriche, where everye
noble manne of us foughte wyth the Frenchmen quarter
naked, and slewe of theim a mervailous nomber. They
desired the doughter of Maximilian named Margarete to
wife, whiche lady is Duches of Savoy and yet livyng, and
she beynge like an Emperors childe was delivered into their
handes as quene of the realme, with divers tounes in Picardie
rendred with her and parte of high Burgonie, and treasure
mervaylous. Nowe sithen the same Maximilian had spoused
Jane doughter and heire of Fraunces Duke of Britaigne,
whiche lande the Frenchemen over ranne and spoiled, and

she

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King Henry the VIII.

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she constrained to sue unto Charles Kynge of Fraunce for

a safe conduict to passe through his realme to Maximilian

[1521-22] her spouse, and upon the same safeconduict graunted, the

sayd ladie Jane passynge through Fraunce with a small

company, was by the same Charles taken at Ambois and

there maried her against her wyll, wherupon he forsoke the

lady Margarete and sent her againe to her father themperor

without rediliver or rendryng againe the tounes that wer

delivered with her. And where as the duke of Geldre is

subject to the Emperor, is he not yet at this day by the

procurement of the Frenche Kynge, rebell ? And where

also by just title the realme of Naples ought to be united to

*■ — the croune of Castle, dyd not the Frenche kynge fayne a

/ jorney into the holy lande pretendyng title by jeniam y brother

to the great Turke beynge then captive in Rome, and by a

U craftie treatie obtained the sayd Jeniamy, and so passed

H into Naples wythout peril!, and seazed all the lande into hys

|_ handes, and then prisoned he the same Jeniamy ? Thus to

fT^he great dammage of Castle, he made claime to Naples by

Margaret quene of England late wyfe to Henry the VI.

The kyng of Naverne is evermore vassal to the house of
Aragon and Castell, yet the Frenche kyng caused him to
rebell, hopyng thereby to subdue the sayd countreys.

Of late dales the Frenche kyng by false treason caused
Sir Robert de la Marche to submitte himselfe to the
Emperors Majestie, who received him upon his othe and
fidelitie, pardonyng all offences past. Is not this false
traitor returned, and is of the Frenche partie ? How may
that court, that counsaill, that kyng, that realme that con-
senteth to treason and perjury by maintenaunce of traitors
be called honorable ? Hath not the French kyng sworne,
and is bounden never to retaine the Switchers in wages to
make warre against the Emperor .'' and yet doth at this day.
And albeit that his Majestie speaketh not of these thynges,
yet he well considereth them. I trust verely sayd this noble
man that God sayeth. Five Burgoigne, every manne that
heard this rehersall, knewe that it was true, howbeit he was
not answered, but some Englishe knightes sayd, Sir you
have sayd well, and as God will all muste be. Thus was
this narracion ended.

In this season the Emperor gatte the toune of Mewzon :
Also of the Emperors partie a great army arrived in the

Duchy

King Henry the VIII.

^3^

Duchy of Mylan and also the Emperors power besieged the
noble citie of Messiers, but the capitaine called Franciscus
was suspected of treason, for he removed wyth the hoste
from the seage without knowlege of the Emperor.

The Emperor made a seage volant about the Citie of
Turnay, for the reskue wherof and also of Messiers, the
French kyng made a great army and him selfe in person.

Durynge this seage the Frenchemen toke a Spaniardes
ship laden with Englishemens goodes at Margate within the
kynges streames, not without great slaughter on both parties,
yet the Frenchmen were C. Ix. men, and of Spaniardes and
Englishemen only xxv.

The kynge of Denmarke Cristianus came to se themperor
his brother in law beyng a stately prince, yet meanes was
made that the lorde Cardinal! and he spake together without
great signe of amitie.

The lorde Cardinal! after he had sojorned in Bruges by
the space of xiii. dales and concluded divers ^matters with
the Emperor and accomplished his commission : he tooke
leave of his Majestic, and likewise dyd all the noblemen of
England, and after convenient jornies arrived with al his
company at Calyce, where thembassadors of Fraunce taried
him, and immediatly after his arivyng he treated with them
of peace, yet not so ernestly as he did before and that
perceived well the sayd Ambassadors and wrote therof to
the Frenche kynge, yet the welth and prosperitie of both
the realmes and their subjectes were highly reasoned betwen
the Cardinall and the sayd Ambassadours, especially for
fishyng, where upon was concluded that the subjectes of
both the princes might freely fishe on the sea, and repaire
to any porte of thone or thother prince without robbyng,
spoylyng, or takyng unto the second day of February next.

The French kyng with a mightie army and himselfe in
person repaired to the countrey of Cambray, mindyng to
passe the streites, but they wer withstanded by the Emperors
power, yet he continued there from October unto' Novembre
without any thing doyng, to the great displeasure of the
Frenche kynge. The duke Daleson hearyng that, made
preparacions wyth the Almaynes to passe the marryes by
the point Dassans, and there the Almaynes had made bridges
of Pypes and vessels, and brought thither their great ordi-
The Emperor beyng in the toune of Valencian and

therof

naunce.

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King Henry the VIII.

THE XIII. therof advertised, caused strong watche to be made, and
YERE ag tjiey would have passed, the bastarde Emery, and the
[1521-22] capitaine of Gaunt with xii. C. men mette with them, where
was a great conflicte and many men slaine, and at the last
the Almaines were put to flight and their bridges and other
provisions broken : Of the Frenche partie wer slaine in this
conflicte xiiii. C. men, and of the Burgonians were slaine
the bastarde Emery, the capitaine of Gaunte and iiii. C.
men. i

The lord Cardinal after he had long treated with the
Ambassadors of Fraunce and could not bryng theim to no
conformitie of peace, he sent to the Emperor the lord of
sainct Jhons and sir Thomas Boleyn knight to advertise his
Majestie therof.

Likewise the sayd lord Cardinall sent to the Frenche kyng
the Erie of Worcester and the bishoppe of Ely to exhorte
hys grace to peace, he hard theim, but he gave theim but
fewe woordes to answere, and after they had been xix. or xx.
dales in his boost, they tooke leave and returned to Calyce.

Duryng the continuaunce of the Cardinall in Calayce all
writtes and patentes wer there by hym sealed and no shyrifFes
chosen for lacke of his presence.

The kyng of Hungary sent an Ambassador to the Kynges
highnes for ayde against the Turke, whom the Cardinall
honorably entertayned duryng hys abode in Calayce. His
commyng was for ayde as men sayd against the Frenche
kyng.

The lorde Cardinal after the returne of the Englishe
Ambassadors from the Emperour and from the Frenche
kynge, tooke shippyng and landed at the porte of Dover,
the xxvii. day of November, and there toke his jorney to
Blechyngly, where the kinges grace welcomed hym gevyng
him also thankes for his great paines and travaill.

This tyme the Frenche kynge layde seage to the toune
and Castle of Hedyng, the Burgonions perceivynge they
were not furnished for the defence thereof, forsoke the sayed
toune and castle and fledde into Flaunders to no litle rejoys-
ing of the sayd Frenchemen.

The Admyrall of Fraunce named Mounsire Bonyfet with
a puissaunt armye made signe as though he woulde passe
into Naverne, howbeit sodainly he reculed with his hooste
and beseaged the toune of Fontraby in Biskay, and brake

the

King Henry the VIII.

^33

the fyrste, second, and thirde walle thereof with his ordi-
naunce mervailously : And after gave a freshe assault to
the same. The Spaniardes (notwithstandynge that the
ordinaunce was caryed into Naverne for defence thereof)
defended theimselfes manfully and slewe of the Frenche-
men vi. hundreth and moo, and of the Spaniardes Ix. slaine.
Then the Capitaine of Fontraby made serche what vitailes
was in the toune, and founde that there was but for twoo
meles, he called the inhabitauntes and menne of warre to-
gether declaryng their great necessitie, and sayed the battery
of the walles discorageth us not, but the great necessitie of
victalles, wherfore we muste do like the Wolfe that runneth
from the wood for hunger to hys death, and considerynge the
great scarcitie of vitailes in Byskay, by meanes whereof we
cannot be vitayled we muste nedes rendre the toune. Never-
thelesse they kept the toune sevens dales after that they had
neither bread, fleshe fruite nor oyles in the same, but onely
herbes and water, yet at last herbes failed also, by meanes
wherof they rendred the toune by composicion, and or the
Frenchmen entered, they delivered the Englishemen all their
goodes out of the toune.

The Frenche kynge liyng enbattailed in the countrey of
Cambray sodainly brake his campe, not muche to hys honor.
Great warres was this tyme in Italye, in so muche that the
Emperours hoost wanne the citie and countrey of Mylan
to the high displeasure of the Frenche kynge, for he lost
there many of his nobles and other capitaines and men of
warre.

Thus the Frenche kyng returned into his countrey with-
out reskuyng the citie of Turnay, neverthelesse he sent them
a letter which was taken by the people of the Countye of
Nasson, the tenour whereof foloweth.

' Trustie and welbeloved we grete you well, lettyng you to
' wete that dayly before us appeareth your true faythfuU
' services, by that you abode within oure citie of Turnay
' with great jeopardie, to the muche honor of us and our
' realme, and to your praise and manly fame for ever and us
' to be your good lord for the demerites of your so high
' services. And where as we entended the relief and reskue
' of you and our sayde subjectes and citie of Turnay, we
' consideryng the weale of our person and realme, have
' removed us from that purpose. Wherefore we maye no

' more

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' more saye unto you but God and Mounsire sainct Denys
' be youre succours.'

When the Countie of Nasson knewe that no reskew
shoulde come, he then sent for more people and ordinaunce
and planted siege on all parties of the citie. Then the capi-
taine of the Castell and Provost of the citie after thei knewe
of the French kynges retreite, and after long consultacion
amongest them had, rendred the Citie and Castle by appoint-
ment, that is to say, that the Burgeises should have xv. daies
to depart with bagge and baggage, levyng behynd them
all the ordinaunces aswell of the Castle as of the Citie.
Thus was the Castle and Citie of Turnay rendred into the
Emperors handes the last day of November the yere of our
Lorde God M. D. xxi.

This yere many goodly and gorgious Mommeries were
made in the court to the great rejoysing of the Quene and
ladies and other nobles beyng there.

The last day of december the Cardinall accompaignied
the Emperors Ambassadours to the court where they were
honorably received and highly feasted durynge their abode
there, and many sumptuous and gorgious disguisynges,
enter ludes and bankettes made in the same season.

Pope Leo dyed and Adryan chosen.

This yere was a great pestilence and death in London and
other places of the realme, and many noble capitaines died,
as the lorde Broke, sir Weston Browne, sir Jhon Heron, sir
Edward, sir Jhon Peche and muche other people.
~ The bishop of London Doctor Fitz James likewise
deceased thys yere, and Doctor Tunstall was preferred to
the same benefice.

The lorde Thomas Haward earle of Surrey, came out of
Ireland to the court the xxv. day of January, when he had
been there the space of xx. monethes in great travaill and
payn, and often tymes sore troubled by the wylde Irishe,
howbeit by his noblenes and manhod he brought the lordes
of Ireland to the Kynges due obeysaunce, and had of them
many victories to his perpetuall laude and praise.

The Frenchemen this tyme spoyled and shamefully robbed
the kynges subjectes on every coast of the sea, so that
wheresoever the kyng roade his poore subjectes came with

lamentacions

King Henry the VIII.

^3S

lamentacions and cryes shewynge hys grace of the crueltie of
the Frenchemen and of their inhumaine dealynge with them,
but ever the Frenche Ambassadours promised restitucion of
every thyng, but none was restored.

In this moneth of January, the kyng commaunded all his
shippes of warre to be made in a readynes, which was done
with all diligence.

About this tyme the duke of Albany arrived in Scotland,
notwithstandynge that the Frenche kynge sware unto the
Cardinall that he should never come into Scotlande, without
the kynge our sovereigne lordes consent, but for all that
he had commission from the Frenche kyng although the
Frenche Kynge wrote to the Kynge that he was entred
Scotlande without his assent.

The second day of February, the kynge beyng at Grene-
wiche, came thether the Cardinall with a Legacion from Leo
bishop of Rome, and also his ambassadour, on whom waited
many a nobleman, the kynge met them at his. chamber
doore welcommyng them as though they had both come
from Rome. Then sayd the Cardinall, high and victorious
kyng it hath pleased our Lorde God to indue your grace
with a great multitude of manifolde graces as a kynge electe
in favor of the high heaven, and so appeareth presendy by
your noble persone, so formed and figured in shappe and
stature with force and pulchritude, whiche signifieth the
present pleasure of our lorde God wrought in youre noble
grace. And further he praised his wisedome, prudence, and
learnynge, with many other goodly wordes in the praise of
hys most noble grace. And finally the Cardinall declared
how the sayd bishop of Rome had sent his highnes an
Acte in BuU under leade, declaryng therein his grace to be
the defendor of the Christian fayth, and his successors for
evermore.

And when his grace had received the sayd Bull and caused
it to be redde and published, he went to his chapell to heare
Masse accompanied with many nobles of his realme and also
with Ambassadors of sundrye princes, the Cardinall beyng
revested to syng Masse, the Erie of Essex brought the
Bason with water, the duke of Suffolke gave thassay, the
duke of Northfolke helde the towell, and so proceded to
Masse. And that done gave unto all them that heard the
Masse cleane remission and blessed the Kyng and the Quene

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and all the people : then was the Bull eftsones declared,
and trumpettes blew, the shalmes and saggebuttes plaied in
honor of the kynges newe style. Thus hys hyghnes went
to dinner. In the middes whereof, the kyng of Heraldes
and his compaignie began the larges, criyng Henricus dei
gratia rex Anglia, et Francia, defensor fidei, et dominus
Hibemite, thus ended the dinner, with muche habundance
of vitaill and wyne, to all maner of people.

The X. daie of february, the Lord Hodie chief Baron of
the kynges Eschequer gave over his office, and for him was
admitted by the Cardinal, master Jhon Fitz James, a right
honorable man and wel learned.

In this time was much busines betwene the Emperor and
the French kyng, wherfore the king sent to the sea sixe
good shippes, well manned and vitayled for the warre : the
Admiral was called Christopher Coo, a man expert on the
sea, for safFegarde of the Merchauntes, and other the kinges
subjectes, that were grevously spoyled and robbed on the
sea, by Frenchmen, Scottes and other rovers.

This tyme was the viii. day of February, the lord Dacres
Wardein of the Marches of Scotlande, entered into Scotland
with V. C. men, by the Kynges commaundemente, and there
Proclamed that the Scottes should come into the kynges
peace, by the fyrst daye of Marche folowynge, or els to
stande at their perilles, the Duke of Albany beynge then
within fyve myles, with a mightie power of Scottes.

The xi. day of February, sir George Nevell lorde
Burgayny, beeing then prisoner in the Tower was brought
to Westminster, and ther in the kinges Benche confessed
his enditement of misprision, in the cause of Edwarde late
Duke of Buckingham to bee true, and after the open
confession thereof, led againe to the Tower.

The lord Montacute the kinges cosyn, was about this
tyme reconciled to his graces favor, which had bene prisoner
in the Tower, wyth sir Edward Nevel knight, this sir
Edward Nevel was forbidden the kynges presence, for
bearinge favor to the Duke of Buckingham.

This yere the second of Marche, certain noble men of the
Empire arrived in England to passe into Spain, who wer
honorably receyved and in honor of them great Justes
and triumphes wer made, and that finished and done, thei
toke their leave and departed on their jorncy.

Also

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Also this time commission was geven throughoute the
realme, for general musters to be had, to knowe what
power might be made with in the same, and also men
sworne of what substaunce and landes thei wer of. ^ And
the Cardinal advertised of the same : not wythout grudging
of the people, and marvelling why thei shuld be sworne for
their own goodes.

The citie of London was thys moneth advertised of the
comming of the Emperor, wherefore was greate pre-
paracion : and the citezens sent the kynges grace one
hundred tall men wel harnissed, to furnyshe hys navie,
appoynted to kepe the narowe seas.

The French kyng certified the kynges hyghnes, by his
leters dated in Marche, how the Graund capitain of Fraunce,
the Countie de Palais, Monsire de Lescue, and other noble
men of Fraunce, had won the toune of Milain, which was
not true, for within five or syxe dayes after, it was evidently
knowen that the Frenchmen were beaten backe, and had
wonne nothing, to their great shame and reproche.

Moreover the same season the Frenche kynge wrote his
letters to the Seignory and commonaltie of Gean, to send
him thre Carectes and sixe Galeis furnished for the warres,
unto his porte of Breste, to maintein his warres agaynst the
forsayd Emperor, who made him by their letters suche a
reasonable excuse, that he was contented to spare them for
that tyme.

-The kynges hyghnes kepte thys yere his Easter at his
manour of Richemont, and caused hys amner to make
enquiry, eyght miles round about the said manour, what
poore people was in every parish. And for the eschuyng
of murther, that moste commonly fortuned every good-
friday, by reason of the great resort of poor people, his
grace caused them to be refreshed with his almose at home
at their houses.

About this tyme a rover or thiefe of Scotland, called
Duncan Camell, was after long fight taken on the sea, by
a Squyer of CornewaU called maister Jhon Arondell, and
presented to the kinges highnes, who committed him to the
Tower of London, where he remaygned prisoner a long
season after.

In the moneth of Marche, as you had hard before, came
certain noble men from the Emperor to the king, which the

more

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more to solace theim enterprised a Justes, he him self was
chief on the one syde, hys courser was barded in cloth of
silver, of Denmarke, embrodered wyth L. L. L. of Golde,
and under the letters a harte of manne wounded, and great
rolles of Golde with blacke letters, in whyche was wrytten,
mon nauera, put together, it is, ell mon ceur nauera, she hath
wounded my harte, and the same suit was his base.

Then folowed sir Nicholas Carewe, his base and bard was
white Damaske, on whiche was embraudered with Clothe of
gold : a prison and a man loking out at a grate, and over the
prison came from the prisoner a roUe, in which was written in
Frenche, in prison I am at lybertie, and at libertie I am in
pryson, and all his apparel was garded with shakelles of sylver.

Then folowed therle of Devonshire, the lord Roos in one
suit, their appareil was whit velvet, embraudered wyth cloth
of gold, wroughte in device an harte, traversed crosse wise
wyth a chayne, the which devided the bard in foure quarters,
in twoo quarters was a hand of golde holding a spere of the
worlde, on the other twoo quarters was twoo handes holding
two plumes of fethers, and on the borders were written, my
harte is betwene joye and peyne.

Then folowed Anthony Kyngston, and Anthony Knevet,
their appareil was a hart bounde in a blew lace, em-
broudered on Crimsin sattin, and written about wyth letters
of gold, my harte is bounde.

Nicholas Darrell had a bard and base of black sattin,
embraudered full of hartes, turned or broken of gold, and
written in letters of silver, my harte is broken.

Last of that bend was Anthony Broune, which had a bard
of silver full of speres of the world broken, set on hartes
broken al of golde written aboute in letters of blacke
Sance remedy, wythout remedy.

Then entered the Duke of Suffolke and his bend al in
bardes and bases of russet velvet and cloth of silver,
embraudered with braunches of paunces of golde, at these
Justes were many speres broken, whych the straungiers
hyghly commended.

The third day of Marche, the Cardinall made to the kyng
land the Ambassadors a great and a costly banket, and after
[that a playe and a Maske, their garmentes were russet sattin
^nd yelowe, all the one side was yelowe face and legge, and
al the other syde was russet.

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On shrovetewesday at nyght, the said Cardinall to the
kinge and ambassadors made another supper, and after
supper thei came into a great chamber hanged with Arras,
and there was a cloth of estate, and manye braunches, and
on every braunche xxxii. torchettes of waxe, and in the
nether ende of the same chamber was a castle, in which was
a principal Tower, in which was a Cresset burning : and
two other lesse Towers stode on every side, warded and
embattayled, and on every Tower was a banner, one
banner was of thre rent hartes, the other was a ladyes
hand gripinge a mans harte, the third banner was a ladies
hand turning a mannes hert : thys castle was kept with
ladies of straung names, the first Beautie, the second Honor,
the third Perseveraunce, the fourthe Kyndnes, the fyfth
Constance, the sixte Bouniie, the seventh Mercie, and the
eyghte Pitie, these eyght ladies had Millian gounes of
white sattyn, everye Ladye had her name embraudered
wyth golde, on their heades calles, and Millein bonettes of
golde, with Jwelles. Undernethe the basse fortresse of the
castle were other eyght ladyes, whose names were Dangler,
Disdain, Gelousie, Unkyndenes, Scome, Malebouche, Straungenes,
these ladyes were tired lyke to women of Inde. Then
enterd eyght Lordes in clothe of golde cappes and all, and
great mantell clokes of blewe Sattin, these lordes were
named, Amorus, Noblenes, Touth, Attendaunce, Loyaltie,
Pleasure, Gentlenes, and Libertie, the kyng was chyefe of
thys compaignie, thys compaygnye was led by one all in
Crymosyn Sattin wyth burninge flames of golde, called
Ardent Desire, whyche so moved the ladies to geve over
the Castle, but Scome and Disdain sayed that they woulde
holde the place, then Desire sayd the ladies shoulde be wonne,
and came and encoraged the knyghtes, then the lordes ranne
to the castle (at whych tyme wythoute was shot a greate
peale of gunnes) and the ladies defended the Castle wyth
Rose water and Comfyttes, and the lordes threwe in Dates
and Orenges, and other fruites made for pleasure, but at the
last the place was wonne, but Ladye Scome and her com-
paygnye stubbernely defended theim wyth bowes and balles,
tyl they were driven out of the place and fled. Then the
lordes toke the ladies of honor as prysoners by the handes,
and brought them doune, and daunced together verye
pleasauntlye, whiche much pleased the straungers, and

when

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when thei had daunced their fyll, then all these dysvisered
themselfes and were knowen : and then was there a costly
banket, and when al was done, the straungiers toke their
leave of the king and the Cardinall, and so departed into
Flaunders, geving to the king muche commendacion.

The kynge like a prince which forseeth all thinges, saw
that warre was likely to ensue, caused the earle of Surrey,
his hygh Admirall, to put in readines his navie, both for the
conduictynge of the Emperoure into England, and also for
the defence of his subjectes, which were daily robbed and
spoiled on the sea, which lorde Admiral toke such diligence
with the helpe of sir William Fitz William his Vice
Admyrall, that all the shyppes by the beginnyng of April,
were rigged and trimmed, and in especial the Henry grace
of due, the kynges great ship, was brought out of the ryver
of Thamis into the Dounes, readye to sayle whether God
and the kynge woulde.

In thys yere at the Assise, kept at the castle of Cambridge
in Lent, the Justices, and al the gentlemen, Bailiefes and
other, resorting thether, toke such an infeccion, whether it
wer of the savor of the prisoners or of the fylth of the
house, that manye gentlemen, as syr Jhon Cut, syr Giles
Alington knightes, and many other honest yomen therof
dyed, and al most all which were there present, were sore
sicke and narrowly escaped with their lives. And this
yere also dyed Sir Edward Powninges, knight of the
Gartler, sir Jhon Pechy, and sir Edwarde Belknap valiaunt
capitaynes, whiche were suspected to be poysoned, at a
banket made at Arde, when the two kinges met last.

This yere also, was not wythout Pestilence nor Derth of
Corne, for Whete was sold this yere in the citie of London,
for xx.s. a quarter, and in other places, for xxvi.s. viii.d.
And in the same yere in December, died Leo bishop of
Rome, for whom was chosen, one Adrian born at Utrike,
the Emperors schole maister, and in the same moneth
Gawan Doglas bishop of Dunkel in Scotland, fled out of
Scotland into England because the Duke of Albany was
arrived into Scotland, and had taken upon him to be
governor of the kyng and the realme, to whom the kyng
assygned an honest pencyon to lyve on. But when the
kyng was advertised that the Duke of Albany was arryved
into Scotland, and had taken the rule of the young king, his

realme.

King Henry the VIII.

241

realme, and he much doubted the sequele of the matter,
consideryng the Duke to be heire apparant to the croune of
, Scotland : wherfore he sent Clarenseaux kinge of Armes
into Scotland, and wyth commaundement, that he should
declare to the Duke of Albany, that his pleasure was, that
he should depart the realm of Scotland for two causes, the
one, because it was promised by the French king, at the
last meting, that he should not come into Scotland, the
second was, that the kyng of England was uncle to the
kyng of Scottes, and by the very bond of nature, ought to
defende his nephew. Wherefore hys nephew beyng young,
and in the custody of him to whom, if he should dye, the
realme of Scotlande should discende, he doubted lest he
might be brought out of the way, as other dukes of Albany
before had served the heires of Scotlande : and if he would
not avoyde Scotlande, then Clarenseaux was commaunded to
defie hym, which accordyngly did defie hym, at holy Rode
house in Edenbrough, to whome he answered, that neyther
the French king, nor the kyng of Englande, should let
hym to come into his naturall countrey, by theyr agrement :
also as towching the young king, he sayd, that he loved him
as his sovereigne lord, and him would kepe and protect,
against al other.

When Clarenseaux had reported his answere to the king,
then he knewe wel that al this was the French kinges
doynge, wherefore he provyded in all thinges accordingly.
The Earle of Anguishe of Scotland that had maryed lady
Margaret, the king our sovereigne lordes sister, late wyfe
unto kyng James of Scotland, that was slain at Floddon
felde, was by the Duke of Albany, sente by a coloured
Ambassade into Fraunce, where shortly after his arryvyng,
he was by the French king committed to prison, and his
brother like wyse, which escaped after as you shall heare.

Also the vi. day of Marche, the French kyng commaunded
all Englyshmennes goodcs beyng in Burdeaux, to be attached
and put under a reste : and likewyse deteyned the kynges
trybute, whyche he shoulde have out of Fraunce, and also
the French quenes dowry, and when the kyng sent to him
for it, he ever gave faire woordes, and made delaies,
but none was payed, and ever the Ambassador promised
fayre.

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the xiiii.
yere.

THE XIIII. YERE.

THE king this yere kept the daye of saynt George
with great solempnitie, at his manour of Riche-
mond, where wer elect to the ordre of the Gartier
Done Ferdinando brother to the Emperor, and Archduke
of Oystrycke, and sir Richard Wingfeld, knight by the
Emperors meanes, to the which the Emperor had geven
two hundred pound pencion out of the house of Burgoin,
which sir Edward Pouninges before had of the Emperors
gyft. Duryng this war betwene the Emperor and the
French King, and the Kyng of Englande liyng still an
entreator betwene them, the Englishmen wer robbed on
both sydes, and when their wines were laden at Burdeaux,
and redy to depart, it was attached, and the Merchauntes
put in prison : the poore fishermen on the coast of England
sometyme met wyth the Frenchmen and them spoyled, but
to no recompence of that they had taken. The Merchauntes
of England, that had factors at Burdeaux, complayned to the
King of England, and shewed hym how the French king,
contrary to his league and his safeconduyte under hys seal,
by hys people, had taken their goodes, and emprisoned their
factors and frendes, and can have no remedy. Likewise
complained all the Merchauntes, how their shippes were
restrayned, in every jpprte of Fraunce, and their goodes
rifeled, and "Cuuid'have no redresse. The king and his
counsail, were sory to here the complaintes of the mer-
chauntes, and so concluded to sende for the Frenche
Ambassadours, to whom the Cardinal sayd : sir how is
this chaunce happened.'' you have promised ever in the
name of the kyng your Maister, that all leagues, promises
and covenauntes should be kept, and that full restitucion
should bee made of everye hurt and dammage, and that
ferme peace and amitie shoulde be kept : but contrary to
your saiyng, our Merchauntes be robbed and spoyled, yea,
although he hath graunted his safeconduyte, yet they be
robbed, and stayed at Burdeaux, is this the peace that you
and your Maister hath promised to be kept? is this the
amitie that he was sworne to kepe ? Is this the word of
a king ? Is thys the strength of a prince, to breake hys

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King Henry the VIII.

243

safeconduyt ? And wher you advised our merchantes to
sue in Fraunce for restitucion, and dyd warrant them to be
restored, you have put them to coste and losse, for thei
have sued there longe and spent their goodes wythout any
redresse, and now you have emprisoned them, and kept
both them and their goods, is this justice ? is this resti-
tucion ? And all this was youre procurement, and now se
what is come of your promyse, surely thys may not be
suiFered, and besyde this the kyng is enformed, that the
kyng your Maister had spoken by hym, foule and oppro-
brious wordes, yea, in the hearynge of the Englishmen
whyche were sore greved to hear such wordes, and were not
so able to be revenged.

The Ambassadour of Fraunce sayd, that It was not so as
it was reported : wel sayed the Cardinall, yf you note the
counsayll of Englande so lyght, as to tel fables, you be
misavised, but I pray you how often times hath the kyng
written to your Maister, for the restitucion of such roberies
as hath be done, and yet can have no redresse ? Wherefore
he graunted letters of marcke, which may stand wyth the
league, but Monsire Chastilion hath taken Merchauntes of
Englande prysoners, and hath sent certain hether for their
raunsome, this is open war and no peace. Maister President
PoUiot or Pulteyne the Frenche Ambassador, answered,
that surely the matters which wer alleged against his
maister the French king, were but forged matters and not
true : but he sayed that for a truthe, daily in the Court of
Fraunce, were complaintes made againste the Englishemen,
for greate robberies done by them, aswell on land as on sea,
affirmyng it to be done in the Emperors querel, and yet the
French kynge for the love he beareth to England letteth his
subjectes to be unhard, although he dayly lament the great
injury, done to hym and his subjectes by Englyshmen :
and therfore my lord I pray you, beleve not such tales,
tyl I have tolde you the truthe.

Then the Cardinal called the foure hostages, that lay here
for the payment of money for Turney, and they tour were
delivered, to my lord of sainct Jhones, to sir Thomas Lovel,
to sir Andrewe Windsore,, and to sir Thomas Nevell, every
knight one to kepe safe, and none of their countrey to
speake with them prively, and the Ambassador was com-
maunded to kepe his house in silence, and not to come in

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presence, till he was sent for, whiche ordre sore abashed the
French hostages, and thambassador, but ther was no remedy,
and com,maundement was geven to the Maior at London, to
attache al the Frenchmen body and goodes, and them to
kepe in prison, til he hard farther of the kynges pleasure :
then were all the Frenchmen in London and aboute, arrested
and brought to prison, so that al the prisons in and aboute
London, wer full of them, some of them escaped by speakyng
Dutch, and sayd they wer Fleminges borne, whiche was not
tryed.

The king for safegard of his Merchauntes, sent xxviii.
goodly shippes to the sea, wel manned and trimmed for the
warres, and seven other shippes he sent towarde Scotland,
whych entered the Frith, and proferred to enter into the
Scottysh shippes that lay in the haven, but the Scottes ran
their shippes on land, and the Englishmen folowed wyth
boates and landed, and set the shippes on fire, and at Lith
toke certain prisoners, whych they brought into Englande,
and stil the kynges great navie kept the narrowe seas, for
then was neither peace betwene Englande and Fraunce, nor
open warre as you have hearde.

The king had perfect knowledge, that Charles the
Emperour would be at the kinges toune at Calice the xxiii.
day of May, to passe thorow Englande into Spain, wherfore
the kyng sent the Marques Dorcet, accompaignied with
diverse knightes and gentlemen, to receyve hym at Calice,
which in al hast sped them thether. Lykewyse the Cardinal!
toke his jorney toward Dover the xx. day of Maye, and
rode throughe London, accompaignied wyth two Erles
xxxvi. Knightes, and an hundred Gentlemen, eyght
Bishoppes, ten Abbottes, thirty Chapelleines all in velvet
and Sattin, and yomen seven C. and so by jorneing he
came to Dover the xxvi. day beyng Monday. In the
meane season tidinges wer brought to the kyng, that the
French kyng had sent a great army toward Calice, and the
men of war lay at Abvile, Munstrell, BuUeyn, and about,
nere the Englysh pale. Wherefore the kynge lyke a Prynce
that forsawe all, and entending not to be disceived, wrote to
his nobles and cities and tounes, to prepare certayne menne
of war in a readines which was shortly done, and so they
were sent to the navie, so that thei might shortly be at
Calice yf nede required.

On

King Henry the VIII.

245

On Sundaye the xxv. daye of Maye, the lorde Marques
Dorset, the bishop of Chichester, and the lorde de Lawar,
with other noble men, at the water of Graveling, received
the Emperor in the name of the kynge of England, and so
the Emperor embraced theim, and he having in his com-
paignie many noble men, came toward Calice, wher at the
Turnepike in the lordeship of Marke, he was received of sir
Edward Guylford Marshall of Calice, wyth fyftie menne of
armes richly besene, and also a hundred archers on horse-
backe, then in passing forward toward Calice, the ordinaunce
shot terribly, and into Calice he was receyved wyth pro-
cession, and then by the lord Barne deputie there, and the
counsayll of the toune : then was he received by the Maior
and Aldermen of the toune, and then of the Maior and
Merchauntes of the Staple, and so conveighed to the
Checker, and there lodged.

On the Monday, he and al the nobles of Spain, Flaunders,
and Germany, toke ship at Calice and landed at Dover, at
foure of the Clocke at after none, and with him the Duke
Dalvoy, the Prince of Orenge, the Countie Nassaw, the
Countie Vascord, the lord Ogmond, and the Marques of
Brandenbrough, all in one ship bote. The Cardinal received
hym on the Sandes, accompaygnyed with thre hundred
Lordes, Knightes and Gentlemen of England : Theemperor
embrased the Cardinall, and tooke hym by the arme, and so
passed forward, and toke horses and rode together to Dover
Castle, wher thei wer lodged. Thenglish Harbingers dili-
gently lodged the Emperors train, every man according to
hys degree. The kyng of England was come to Cantor-
bury, the xxvii. day of May, and received by the Archbishop :
and hearynge of the Emperors arrival, wyth a smal com-
paignie on the Wednesday, beyng the Assension even, he
rode to Dover, and with muche joye and gladnes the
Emperour and he met, and there taried the Assension day,
and on Friday, the kinge brought the Emperoure aborde on
hys newe shyp, called the Henry grace a dieu, a shyppe of
XV. C. and rowed about to all hys greate shippes, whych
then lay in Dover rode, the Emperor and his lordes, muche
praised the makyng of the shyppes, and especially the
artilerie, they sayed, they never sawe shippes so armed.

The same day at after none, the two noble princes marched
forward to Canterbury, where the Maior and Aldermen

received

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received them without the toune, with a solempne oracyon,
to whom the Emperors secretary answered ornatly. Then
the Princes with their swerdes borne naked before theim, and
the Emperour on the ryght hand, entered the citie of Cantor-
bury, and so with procession were brought to Christes Church
where the Archebishop and twelve prelates mitered, receyved
them under a Canapy, and so they offered to the Sacrament,
and the Emperour was brought to the Bishoppes palace,
where he lay for that night, and the kyng lodged at S.
Augustynes. The morowe after, these princes removed to
Sytyngborne, and the next day to Rochester, wher the
Bishop receyved them with the whole Covent, and on
Mondaye thei came to Gravesende by one of the Clocke,
where they toke their Barges, and ther were thirty Barges
appoynted, for the straungiers, and so by vi. of the clocke
they landed at Grenewiche, the same Monday, the ii. day
of June, where the Emperour was of the kyng newly
welcommed, and al his nobilitie, and at the hal doore the
Quene and the Prynces, and all the Ladies receyved and
welcommed hym : and he asked the Quene blessing (for
that is the fashyon of Spain, betwene the Aunte and the
Nephew) the Emperor had great joye to se the Quene hys
Aunte, and in especyall his young cosyn Germain the lady
Mary. The Emperor was lodged in the kinges lodging,
whiche was so richely hanged, that the Spanyardes wondered
at it, and specially at the rych cloth of estate : nothyng
lacked that might be gotten, to chere the Emperor and
his Lordes, and al that came in his compaignie, were highly
feasted.

The Wednesday, the more to do the Emperor pleasure,
was prepared a Justes royall : on the one part was the
kinge, the erle of Devonshire and x. more compaignions,
al mounted on horsbacke, their apparell and bardes, were of
rich Cloth of golde, embroudered wyth sylver letters, very
ryche, with great plumes on their heades. This compaignie
tooke the felde, and rode aboute the tilt : then entered the
Duke of Suffolke, and the Marques Dorset, and x. with
them barded, and their apparell was russet velvet, em-
broudered wyth sundery knottes, and culpyns of golde.
The Emperor and the Quene, with al the nobles stode in
the galery, to behold the doyng. The king ran at the
Duke of Suffolke viii. courses, and at every course brake

his

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his spere. Then every man ran his courses and that done,
all ranne together volant, as faste as they could discharge,
and when the speres appointed were broken, then they
disarmed and went to supper. After supper, the Emperor
beheld the ladies daunces, and sodainly came to the chamber,
sixe noble men, appareled in Crimosin velvet and cloth of
golde, and a manteU of Taffeta, rolled about their bodies,
and hoddes and bonettes of cloth of gold, on their heddes,
and velvet buskyns on their legges : these Maskers entred
and daunced a great while wyth the ladies, and sodainly
entred syx other Maskers with drumslades, appareled in
long gounes, and hoddes of cloth of gold, of whych nomber
was the kyng, the duke of Suffolke, the prince of Orenge,
the countie of Nassow, the countie of Naveray, and Monsire
Egremond. When these maskers wer entred, the other
avoyded, and then thei toke ladies and daunsed, so that the
straungiers much praised them : and when the time came,
every person departed to their lodgyng.

Thursday, they that Justed the other daye, appoynted
themselfs to Tornay, and as the kyng was armyng him,
there came to him one George Luff kin and shewed him,
that there was one come from his Ambassador in Fraunce,
the king called for the messenger, and delivered his letters,
which the king red, and said to syr William Compton, tel
the Emperor that I have newes, if it pleaseth hym to come
hether : Sir William Compton went and told this to the
Emperoure, which without delay came to the kyng, whych
shewed him the letters from sir Thomas Cheiney his
Ambassador, wherin was conteyned the definitive answer
made aswel to sir Thomas Cheyney, as to Clarenseaux
king of armes of Englande, by the French kynge, to the
kinges requestes : for you shall understand, that the kyng
of Englande by hys Ambassador, had often times demaunded,
both his trybute and hys lawful debte, and also restitucyon
to be made to his subjectes greved, and farther also the
league was broken, by makyng warre on themperor, so
that now by the league the kyng of Englande should be
enemy, to him that first brake, and did l:ake part wyth the
other, yet he had so much compassion, on sheding of
Christen bloud, that he would not enter warre, but shew
him self a mediator and an entreator betwene them. And
upon thys sir Thomas Cheney had often moved the French

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kyng, and also moved him to take peace with the Emperor
for two yeres, so that some mediacion of peace might be
entreated, in the meane season : to all this the French
king answered we have wel considered your Maisters
desire, to the which we nothinge agree, nor hold us content
wyth his request. Sir said thambassador, the kyng my
Maister shalbe advertysed of your answere by me, wherfore
I besech your grace of safeconduit, to returne into England :
then sayd the kyng, there is an officer of armes come hether
out of Englande, let him come and he shalbe hard, and have
an answere, to which thing Sir Thomas Cheney answered not,
but wyth reverence departed, and so on the xxi. dale of Maie,
the said officer called Clarenseaux king of armes, came to the
French kinges chamber at Lions, which was accompaignied
with many noble men and gentlemen, and then Clarenseaux
put on his cote of armes, and desired license to speake, and
libertie according to the law of armes, which was to him
graunted : then he declared that where the French kinge was
bound by league tripertite, to kepe peace with the Emperor,
and with the king of England, and whosoever first brake, the
other two to be enemies to hym, to the which league the
French king was sworne, whiche league he apparantly had
broken, by making warre on Themperor, by syr Robert
de la Marche, and by hym selfe in persone. Wherfore the
kinge by that league muste bee hys enemie, and take parte
agaynst hym.

Also he declared, that the French king kept away the kinges
rentes, and debtes, dew to him. Also that he deteyned the
dower of the French quene. Also that contrary to his
promyse, he had sent the Duke of Albany into Scotland:
Also that contrarye to Justice he had emprisoned Mer-
chantes, having his safeconduite, where they should have
gone in safty seyng there was no warre proclaimed, betwene
him and the kyng his maister : al these articles with many
mo, the kyng my maister is ready to prove. Nay said
the French kyng, I began not the war, nor sent Robert
Lamarche to make warre, but commaunded him to the
contrary, and or I made warre in proper person, his warre
was open, and he had oure toune of Tournay strongly
besieged, and as touching the Duke of Albany, it hath
cost me xl. M. Frankes, to kepe him out of Scotland, but
I could not let hym to go into his owne countrey. Thys

the

King Henry the VIII.

249

the French kynge excused his untruth. Sir I am farther
charged to tell you, said Clarenseaux that the king my
sovereigne lord, holdeth you for his mortal enemie this day
furth, and al your adherentes : wel sayd the French king, I
loked for this a great while agone, for sith the Cardinall
was at Bridges, I loked for no nother, but you have done
your message : then the French king rose and departed,
and Clarenseaux was conveighed to his lodgyng, and shortly
after, sir Thomas Cheyney and he, by safeconduyt, departed
and came to Bulleyn, and there Monsire Fayet capitain
there, theim both staied til the Ambassador of Fraunce,
whiche had lien in England, wer clerely delyvered out of
Calice. The whole circumstaunce of the demaundes and
defiaunce, and the French kinges aunswere, was conteined
in the letter, which was brought to the king, which shewed
it to the Emperor (as you have hard) but while the king
and the Emperor loked on the letter, a sodein noise rose
emongest both their subjectes, that it was a letter of
defiance, sent to them bothe by the French king, whych
was nothing so. Thus now was the warre open of al
parties, betwene Englande and Fraunce, and Spain. When
the two princes had of this matter commoned their fiU,
themperor called for a horse, and the king himself was
armed, and bothe the bendes that should Tournay, mounted
on horsebacke, and themperor in rich apparell of tissew and
richly trapped brought the king into the felde, and toke up
hys horse, that all men had great pleasure to beholde him.
The men of armes fel to Tvirnay, and brake swerdes and
wer severed, and after came together agayn, and fought
very valiaundy, and when tyme was, the Herauldes cryed
the disarme, and assone as the king was unarmed the
Emperor and he went to supper, and after supper, the
kyng brought the Emperor into the hal where was a
Cupperd of xii. stages, al set wyth great mightie plate al
of golde, at the upper end honge thre clothes of estate, and
the hall was ful of great lyghtes, set on gylt braunches.

When the two Princes were set, and the Quene also, then
entered in eight noble menne, in Maskers apparell with
visers, their garmentes blacke Velvet, garded and em-
broudered wyth golde in cut workes and over that double
Lumberdy Mantelles of Sattin, folded up on every shulder,
curiously embroudered, these Maskers were halfe English

Lordes,

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Lordes, and the other straungiers. They toke Ladies and
daunsed, and sodainly entered eight other Maskers, ap-
, parelled in rych tinsel, matched wyth clothe of golde, and
on that Turkey Clokes, rebanded wyth Nettes of Silver, and
betwene the knittinges Flowers of Golde, and the Mantelles
were Crimosin Sattin, both the Maskers had hoddes of
Crymosyn Sattyn, these lustie Maskers entered, and reveled
lustely, and when they had done, then were the spices brought
and wyne, and then al persones began to draw to reste.

On Friday, the sixt day of June, the king and the
Emperour, wyth all their compaignies marched toward
London, where in the waye a Myle from Sainct Georges
Barre, was set a ryche Tent of Cloth of golde, in whyche
tente were two lodgynges, one for the Emperoure, and
another for the kyng, where these two Princes shifted
theim. And when the Herauldes had appointed every man
their roume, then every man set forwarde in ordre, rychlye
apparelled in Clothe of Golde, Tyssew, Silver, Tinsell, and
Velvettes of all coloures. There lacked no massye Cheynes,
nor curyous Collers : an Englyshe manne and a straungier
roade ever together, matched accordinge to their degrees,
before the Emperoure and the kinge, were borne two
swordes naked, then the two Princes folowed in Coates of
cloth of golde, embraudered with sylver, bothe of one suite :
after theim folowed the Kynges Henxmenne, in Coates of
Purple Velvet, pieled and paned wyth rych Cloth of silver,
and with them were matched the Emperours Henxemenne,
in equall nomber, in Coates of Crimosyn Velvet, with two
gardes, the one golde, and the other silver : then folowed the
Capitaynes of the Gardes, then the Emperours Gard on the
right hande, and the Englishe Garde on the left hande, and
so in this ordre they wente forwarde, and in the waye the
Maior Jhon Milborne and hys brethren, in fyne Skarlet and
well horssed, met wyth the Emperour and the king where one
sir Thomas More knight, and well learned, made to theim an
eloquent Oracion, in the praise of the two princes, and of the
peace and love betwene them, and what comfort it was to
their subjectes, to se theim in such amitie, and how that the
Maior and Citezens, offered any pleasure of service that in
them laye, next their sovereigne lorde.

When this was done, they came into Southwarke, wher
the Clergie received theim, in Copes, with Crosses, and

Sensers,

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2-51

Sensers, and so kepte the one syde of the strete, al the
citie throughe. When they came by the Marshalsie at the
kinges Benche, the Emperoure desired pardon of the kyng,
for the prisoners, and he at the Emperours requeste,
pardoned a great nomber of theim. When they were
almoste at the Brydge foote there was a staye, the kyng
demaunded the cause, and it was told hym that the
Herauldes had appoynted two gentlemen to ryde together,
one was the Ambassadour from the Marques of Mantua, to
the Emperour, and the other from the Citie of Seines, to the
Emperour also and the Citie and the Marques were not
frendes, the Emperour incontinent, sent his Lord Chamber-
layne to theim, saiynge : that yf they woulde that daye do
him honour, he would thanke theim, and yf they woulde not
ryde as they were appointed, he prayed them to departe.
When the lorde Chamberlayne had told this message, they
rode furth and made no more curtesye.

When they wer come to the Drawe Bridge, ther were set
Targettes, of the Armes of the Emperour and his Dominions,
rychly paincted, and on the other syde, stode one great
Giaunt, representynge Hercules, wyth a myghty Clubbe in
hys hand, and on the other syde stode another Giaunte,
representyng Sampson, wyth the Jawe bone of an Asse in
his hande. These twoo Gyauntes helde a greate Table, in
the whyche was wrytten in Golden letters, aU the Emperours
Style. From the Drawe Bridge these two Princes passed,
to the myddes of the Bridge, where was raised a faire
edifice, wyth Towers embattailed and gates, al lyke
Masonrye, of Whyte and Blacke, lyke Touche and Whyt
Merbell : above this buildinge was a faire pagiaunt, in the
whych stoode Jason all in harneys, havyng before hym a
golden Flece, and on the one syde of hym stode a fiery
Dragon, and on the other side stode two Bulles whiche
beastes cast out fyer continually, and in a tower on the one
side stode a fayre mayde representyng the lady Medea
whiche was very straungely and rychely appareled, and
above this Pagiant were written these verses.

Leticia quantum mimiis prebebat, I as on

Aurea Phrixee vellera nactus ovis
Leticiie quantum tulerat Pompeius et urbi

Hoste triumphato Scipio Romulidum
Tantum tu nobis Ceesar mitissime Princeps

Intrans Henrici Trincitis hospicium

When

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When they had beholden this Pagiant they came to the
Conduite at Gracious strete where was made a Bastyle with
two great gates, one on the one syde of the way and the
other on the other side, and over these gates and betwene
these gates were made iii. great towers embattailed and
vauted with lopes Lucanes lyke Masonry, curiously wrought,
and in the middle tower was a clothe of estate, under whiche
sat one representyng the Emperor, and in the third tower
representyng the kyng. And Charlemayne havyng ii. swordes
gave to the Emperor the sworde of Justice, and to the kyng
the sworde of triumphant victory, and before hym sat the
Pope to whom he gave the croune of thorne and thre nayles.
About this pagiant were sette all the armes of the electors
of thempyre and these verses in a table.

Carole Christigenum decus et quern scripta loquntur

A magna ductum Carolo habere genus
Tuque Henrice pia virtutis laude refulgens

Doctrina ingenio religione fide
Vos pretor consul sanctus cum plebe senatus

Vectos hue fausto sydere gestit ovans

This Pagiant was made by the Esterlynges.

From Gracious strete where the Esterlinges stode in good
order, the two princes came to Leden halle wher overthwart
the great strete that leadeth to Bishoppes gate was erected a
goodly Pagiant wonderfuU curiously wrought, it was xxxviii.
fote broade and Ixxx. of length, at the fote of the pagiant
sat Jhon duke of Lancastre called Jhon of Gaunte sonne to
kyng Edward the third. This duke sat in a rote and out
of the rote sprang many braunches curiously wrought with
leaves whiche by poUicie dropped swete water, and on every
braunche satte a kyng and a quene or some other noble
parsonage descended of the sayd duke to the nomber of
Iv. images, and on the toppe stode the Emperor, the kyng
of England and the Quene, as thre in the vi. degree from
the sayd Duke. This pagiant was made at the cost of the
Italyans and was much praised. From thence they passed
to the Conduite in Cornehill where the strete was enclosed
from side to side with ii. gates to open and shitte, and over
the gates wer arches with towers embattailed set with vanes
and scutchions of the armes of the Emperor and the kyng, and
over the arches were two towers, the one full of Trompettes
and the other full of Shalmes and shagbuttes whiche played

continually :

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continually : Betwene these two towers was a place, under a
riche clothe of estate sat kyng Arthur at a rounde table and
was served with x. kynges, Dukes and erles all bearyng
Targettes of their armes, and when the Emperor and the
kyng were commyng thether a Poet sayd.

Laudant magnanimos urbs inclita Roma Catenes

Cantant Hannibakm punka regna suum
Gentis erat Soli me rex ingens gloria David.

Gentis Alexander gloria prima sue
Illustrat fortes Arthuri fama Britannos

lllustras gentem Casar Jif ipse tuam
Cui deus imperium victo precor hoste secundet

Regnet ut in terris pads arnica quies

When this was sayd, they came to the Stockes where was
a quadrant stage where on was an Herber full of Roses,
Lyllies and all other flowers curiously wrought, and byrdes,
beastes and aU other thynges of pleasure. And aboute the
Herber was made the water full of Fyshe, and about it was
the Elementes, the Pianettes and Starres in their places and
every thyng moved, and in a type in the toppe was made the
Trinitie with the Angels singyng, and the Trinitie blessed
the kyng and the Emperor, and under his feete, was written,
behold the lover of peace and Concorde. And so they passed
through the Poultry to the great Conduite in Chepe, where
was made on the right hand of the sayd Conduite (as they
passed) in maner quadrant with fower towers, at every
corner one with goodly types, betwene every tower was a
gallery, whiche galeries were hanged with clothes of golde
and silver within, and so covered over. The forefrontes of
every gallery were hanged with white and grene Sarcenet
wrethed and with great knottes of golde, let doune in maner
of a valence before the gallery, and under the sayd galleries
were Targettes and schutchions of the Emperors and kynges
armes and devyses. In the fower towers were fower fayre
ladyes for the cardinall vertues so richely besene that it was
great pleasure to behold, every vertue havyng a signe and
token of her propertie. In the galleries sat chyldren mixed
with men and women singyng and plaiyng on instrumentes
melodiously, of the whiche sort one child sayd these verses
folowyng.

^anto amplexetur populus te Ceesar amore
Testantur variis gaudia mixta sonis

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Aera, tube, Litui, cantus cithare calamisque

Consona te resonant organa disparibus
Unum te celebrant, te unum sic cuncta salutant

O decus, O rerum gloria Casar ave.

When they came to the standard there was made a mightie
buildyng of tymber with towers set in carbles forced with
arches buttand and al abilimentes embossed, and the lyn-
terelles inhaunsed with pillers quadrant and the vautes in
orbes with crobbes dependyng and monsters bearyng up the
pillers and in the roffe was a lower swelling, in the top
wherof was a banner of the armes of Spayne and Engeland
and aU the pagiant full of scutchions of armes of the
ii. princes. At the fote of this pagiant sat Alphons kyng
of Spayne richely apparelled, and out of his brest a braunche
of whiche sprang many Icynges, quenes and princes whiche
satte and were lively persones richely apparelled every one
with a scutchion of armes shewyng their mariages, and in
the highest braunce satte the Emperor, the kyng and just
V. and vii. degrees from the sayd kyng of Spayne, to whom
the sayd kyng Alphons sayd these verses.

Carole quifulges sceptro iff diademate sacro
Tuque Henrice simul stemmata juncta gerens

Alter germanis, lux alter clara britannis
Miscens Hispano sanguine uterque genus

Vivite felices quot vixit secula Nestor
Vivite cumane tempora fatidice

After this pagiant seen and the verses sayd, they came to
the litle Conduite in Chepe where was buylded a place lyke
heaven curiously painted with cloudes, erbes, starres and the
lerarchies of angels, in the top of this pagiant was a great
type and out of this type sodainly issued out of a cloude
a fayre Lady richely apparelled, and then all the minstrels
whiche wer in the pagiant played and the angels sang, and
sodainly agayne she was assumpted into the cloud whiche
was very curiously done, and aboute this pagiant stode the
Apostles wherof one sayd these verses.

Ob quorum adventum tocies gens ipsa britanna

Supple X diis superis vota preterque dedit
Sluos atas omnis, pueri, juvenesque, senesque

Optarujit oculis sepe videre suis
Venistis tandem auspicio Christi Marieque

Pads conjuncti faedere perpetuo.
Heroes salvete pii, salve te beati

Exhilarant nostros minima vestra lares

Yet

King Henry the VIII.

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Yet you must not fdrget for all the pagiantes how the

Citezens well apparelled stode with in railes sette on the left

side of the stretes and the clergie on the right side in riche

copes, which sensed the princes as they passed and all the

stretes were richely hanged with clothes of golde, silver,

velvet and Arras, and in every house almooste Mynstrelsy,

and in every strete were these two verses written in letters

of gold.

Carolus, Henricus, vivant defensor uterque
Henricus fidei, Carolus E celeste

Whiche verses wer also written in other tables in golden
letters as ensueth.

Long prosperitie

To Charles and Henry Princes moste puissant.
The one of fayth

The other of the Churche Chosen defendant.

When they were past the ly tie Conduite they came to the
West ende of Poules churche and there they alighted, and
there was a Canapie redy under whiche they two stoode and
were received by the Archebyshop of Cauntorbury and xxi.
prelates in pontificalles and so they offered at the high aulter
and returned to horsebacke and came to the Blacke Friers
where the Emperor was lodged in great royaltie : All his
nobles were lodged in his newe palace of Brydewell, out
of the whiche was made a Gallery to the Emperors lodgyng,
whiche gallery was very long, and that gallery and all
other galleries there wer hanged with Arras. The kynges
palayce was so richely adorned of all thynges that my witte
is to dull to descrive theim or the riches of the hangynges
or the sumptuous buildyng and giltyng of chambers.

On saterday the kyng and the Emperor playd at tennice
at the Bayne agaynst the princes of Orenge and the Marques
of Brandenborow, and on the Princes syde stopped the Erie
of Devonshyre and the lorde Edmond on the other syde,
and they departed even handes on bothe sydes after xi. games
fully played.

On Whitsonday the viii. day of June themperor and the
kyng with great honor both apparelled in cloth of silver
reysedj gounes and cotes and all their apparell white eccept
their bonettes, roade to the Churche of saint Paule and
there heard high Masse whiche was song by the Cardinall

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which had his travers and cupborde, and before Masse
ii. Barons gave him water and after the Gospell ii. Erles, and
at the last lavatory ii. Dukes whiche pride the Spanyardes
sore disdayned. When Masse was done they returned to
Brydewell where the Emperor was highly feasted. The
same sonday at afternoone the two princes went by water
to Westminster and roade to the churche, and in ridyng all
the sanctuary menne cryed mercye and pardon, they were so
hastye and presed so nere that the sergeauntes at armes
could scace kepe theim from touchyng the Emperor and
the kyng : The Cardinall gave them a gentle answere
whiche contented theim for a tyme. They wer receyved
with Procession into the Abbey and heard evensong and
beheld kyng Henry the seventhes chapel and then went
into Westminster halle, at the largenesse wherof the Em-,
peror muche mervayled, then they turned to Brydewell and
there supped.

On Monday they dyned in Southwarke with the duke of
SufFolke and hunted there in the Parke, and roade to the
Manor of Richemond to their lodgyng and the next day to
Hampton court, where they had great chere and from thence
on thursday to Wyndsore wher he hunted Fryday and Sater-
day and on Sonday at night in the great halle was a dis-
guisyng or play, theiFect of it was that there was a proud
horse which would not be tamed nor brideled, but amitie
sent prudence and poUicie which tamed him, and force and
puyssaunce brideled him. This horse was ment by the
Frenche kyng, and amitie by the king of England and
themperor, and the other prisoners were their counsail
and power, after this play ended was a sumptuous Maske
of xii. men and xii. women, the men had on garmentes of
clothes of golde and silver lose layde on crimosyn Satten,
knit with pointes of golde, bonettes, whoddes, buskins, all
of golde. The ladies were in the same suite whiche was
very riche to behold, and when thai had daunced, then came
in a costly banket and a voidy of spices, and so departed to
their lodgyng.

Monday, tewsday, and Wednesday the princes and their
counsail sat moste parte in counsail, and on Corpus Christi
day, they with great triumph rode to the collage of Wynd-
sore where the Emperor ware his Mantle of the Garter
and satte in his owne stall, and gave to the Herauldes

CC.

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CC. crounes : that day bothe the princes received the
Sacrament, and after Masse bothe sware to kepe the pro-
myses and league eche to other, for the which amitie great
joy was made on both parties, and after that Masse was
ended thei went to dyncr, where was great feasting.

On fryday they departed out of Wyndsore, and by easy
jorneys came to Wynchester the xxii. day of June, and in
the way thether, the Emperor hunted the Hart, Before
the Emperor was come to Wynchester, therle of Surray
Admyrall of England with all the fcynges Navy was come
to Hampton, and with him the lorde Fitz Water, the Baron
Curson, syr Gyles Capell, sir Nicholas Carew, sir Richard
Wyngfeld, sir Richard Jernyngham, Fraunces Bryan,
Anthony Browne, Jhon Russell, of whiche many were of
the kynges prevy chamber : These with many more de-
parted from Hampton with xxx. shippes well manned
and ordinaunced in the ende of June, noisyng that they
should onely skoure the seas for savegard of the Emperor
and his Navye : But they had privy instruccions to go to
another place as you shall heare after.

All this while was the warre on the parties of PIcardy
hotte, and the capitaine of BuUain called Fayet wrote ever
mockyng letters to the garison of Calice, and sayd : yf the
garison of Calayce would issue out, he would mete with
theim halfe way with iiii. M. men. Wherupon sir Edward
Guildforde Marshall of Calayce, whom the capitaine of
BuUain called the fyrebrand, because it was his badge, sette
furth out of Calayce the xi. day of June with xii. C. men
and went out of Calayce and sent a pursivant to the capitayn
of BuUain certifiyng hym that he was commyng with his
fyer brand, and bad hym kepe promise. This officer declared
the message to hym, but he came not : Furth marched sir
Edward til he came to Marguison and taryed to see whether
the capitayn of BuUayne would come or no, and when he
sawe he came not, he set fyer in the toune, and the light
horsemen forrayed the beastes and piUage, and brent vyllages
aU about, whiche was wel perceived in the countrey a farre
of, and towarde night all the crew came home with good
pillage, and on the morow sir Edwarde Gyldford delivered
a prisoner franke and free, on condicion he should tell the
capitaine of BuUain that he had bene at Marguison with his
fyerbrand, whiche truely did his message, for the whiche the

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capitaine brake hys head : all the castels and fortresses in
the Englishe pale were well manned and vitailed and lacked
no artillerie, so that the Frenchemen could do theym no
harme.

When the Emperor and the kyng laye at Byshops
Walthan they joyntly sent letters of defiaunce to the Duke
of Loraine, as alye and confederate with the Frenche kyng.
The fyrst day of July the Emperors navy sailed before
Hampton, which wer C.lxxx. goodly shippes. When the
Emperors shippes were come, he tooke leave of the kyng
and had great gyftes geven him and muche money lent to
him, and so the vi. day of July he toke his shippe, so with
all his Navy he made sayle towarde Spayne where he arived
in savetie the x. day after.

The kyng about this very tyme sent to the citie of London
to borow XX. M. poundes, whiche sore chafed the citizens,
but the somme was promised, and for the payment the
IMayer sent for none but for men of substaunce. Howbeit
the craftes solde muche of their plate. This summe was
payed, and the kyng sent his letter promisyng payment of
the same and so did the Cardinall. The poore men were
contented with this payment and sayd, let the riche churles
pay, for they may well. Lyke loane was practised through
al the realme, and privy seales delivered for the repayment
of the same.

This season the xxi. day of Maye was the citie of Geane
gotten by the Emperors capitain called Octaviano de Columna,
whiche had with hym iiii. M. and iiii. C. Spaniardes, v. M.
Italyans, and iiii. M. Lanceknightes : and in the citie was
taken Porter de Navarro the Frenche kynges familiar
capitaine and all the lordes of Geane whiche favored
the Frenche kyng were taken prisoners or slayne, and
especially one Octaviano Faragoso, whiche ruled there for
the Frenche kyng, was evil punished : The spoyle of the
citie that the souldiers had, was iiii. M. dukates beside the
pillage, whiche was a great thyng.

Now let us returne to the lorde Admyrall of Englande
whiche departed from Hampton as you have heard, and so
with his Navy sayled and skoured the seas, and at last came
on the costes of Brytaigne, and commaunded the wysest
Masters and Marriners to boy the heaven of Merles, whiche
was done, and so the next night all the flete came to the

haven

King Henry the VIII. 259

haven of Morles in safetie and moored their shippes
together. Then all men were commaunded to harnes
and to avaunce their standardes, and all souldiers to geve
their attendance on their capitaines, and then the lorde
Admyrall appointed and caused xiiji. pieces of ordinaunce
called Faucons to be brought to land and drawen furth
with strength of men. Then when all menne that should
go forwarde were landed, the lorde Admyral with banner
displayed tooke lande on the Estside of the haven the fyrst
day of Julye, and with hym a fayre band of souldiers, as
the lorde Fitz Water, the Baron Curson, sir Richard
Wyngfelde, sir Richard Jernyngham, sir Wyllyam Batantine,
sir Adrian Foskew, sir Edwarde Donne, sir Edwarde
Chamberlayne, Fraunces Bryan, Richard Cornewall, sir
Anthony poynes, sir Henry Sherborne, and the vice
AdmyraU, sir Willyam FitzwUIyam, sir Edmond Bray, sir
Gyles Capel, sir Willyam Pyrton, sir Jhon Cornewalles, sir
Jhon Wallop, sir Edward Echyngham, sir Willyam Sidnay,
Anthony Broune, Gyles Huse, Thomas More, jhon Russell,
Edward Bray, Henry Owen, George Cobham, Thomas
Owdayle, Thomas Lovell, Robert Jernyngham, Anthony
Knevit, sir Jhon TremaUe, and the Master of the kynges
ordinaunce, sir Willyam Skevyngton, and Jhon Fabian
Serjeant at armes, by whom this enterprise was chefly
moved as was reported, with many other gentlemen and
souldiers, to the nombre of vii. M. The lorde Admyrall
and sir Richard Wyngfeld brought these men in good order
of battaUl, and caused Christopher Morres the master
gunner to see all thinges redy prepared, and then about
viii. of the clocke the sayd fyrst day they marched towarde
Morles in good ordre of battail with banners displayed.
The alarme rose in the countrey and came to the toune of
Morles wherby the gentlemen of the countrey shewed
theimseJfes prickyng, but when they heard the Gunes they
fledde as though they never used warre. They of Morles
armed theimselfes and went to the walles and shut the gates
and laide ordinaunce where was moste jeopardie. The Eng-
lishemen had gone five long myle and were now come to
the subberbes of the toune : then the Englishemen archers
shotj and the Brytons them defended : then the Admyrall
commaunded the toune to be assauted, then the lord Fitz
Water and the Baron Curson quartered the toune on all

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sides : The Englishemen shot with long bowes, and the
Brytons with crosse bowes, whiche defended themselfes man-
fully. Before the port Morvet where is a Meason de dieu,
at this gate gave the assaut sir Richard Wyngfelde, Nycholas
Carew, Fraunces Bryan, sir Jhon Wallop and all their bendes
havyng with theim thre pieces of ordinaunce called Faucons,
whiche the master Gunner of tymes shot, but the Britons
had set the gate full of hacbushes, then the gunner sayd,
have at the wicket, and in the smoke of the gunnes let
us entre the gate, the gentlemen assented, then the sayd
sir Christopher Gunner strake the locke of the wicket, so
that it flew open, then in the smoke ranne to the gate the
sayd Christopher and the other forenamed gentlemen, and
when Christopher came to the gate he found the wicket open
and entred, and the gentlemen folowed, the Brytons defended
them selfes, but thei were put backe or slaine, then was the
great gate opened and then entered the souldiers that were
on the other side of the toune. When the Brytons on
the walles sawe the towne gotten, some fled at the posterne
and some by another way, the best way that they could.
Therle of Surray with banner displayed toke the market
place. Then the souldiers fell to pillage and rifled the
chestes and ware houses of marchauntes, for the toune of
Morles was very riche, and specially of lynnen clothe, the
gentlemen suffered the souldiers to do what they would.
When the souldiers had taken their pleasure of the toune
as muche for a trueth or more then they could beare away,
the lorde Admirall commaunded the trumpettes to blow,
and commaunded all men to set fyer in al places of the
toune (the holy places onely except) the fayre market place
was set on fyer, and the subburbes brent ardantly. Wher-
fore all men were commaunded to their standardes, and
aboute vi. of the clocke the army retreted, and as they
passed they brent the villages and places. And when night
approched they drewe together and all that night lay on
land abiding their enemies. And the next day with honor
they tooke their shippes, and when all menne were shipped
and fewe or none missed, the lorde admyrall commaunded
xvi. or xvii. shippes small and great liyng in the haven to be
brent. Then they sayled furth and came to ancker before
saint Polle de Lyon, then he commaunded that the foyst
and other small shippes and great botes should be manned

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to enter Into an harborow for shippes called pympoU or
pympole, which was sone done, the boates entred the place
and some landed, but then the Brytons were to strong, and
so they tooke their boates and bet the Bryttons on the shore,
and the Brytons shotte great ordinaunce at the Englishmen,
but it did them no harme, and yet the Englishmen Brent a
shippe of CC. and many small vessels. When tyme came
the whole flete sayled into the haven of Brest and with
barkes and rowe barges entred the haven and toke land, and
some Englishmen did so muche that they set fyer in houses
nere the castle. And even as thenglishemen sayled by the
cost, the Brytons them askryed and fortefied the landyng
places, yet dayly the Englishemen skyrmished with the
Brytons and came safely to their shippes againe : with this
warre was aU the duchy of Brytaigne sore troubled.

When the lorde Admirall had wonne the toune of Morles
as you have heard : He called to him certaine squyers whom
for their hardines and noble courage he made knightes, fyrst
sir Fraunces Bryan, sir Anthony Broune, sir Richard Corn-
wall, sir Thomas More, sir Gyles Huse, sir Jhon Russell,
sir Jhon Raynsford, sir George Cobham, sir Jhon Cornwalles,
sir Edward Rigley and divers other. And after he wrote
letters to the kyng of his good spede : In the whiche he
muche praised all the gentlemen and souldiers for their
hardynes. When he had sayled a while on the seas, he had
letters sent from the kyng that he should retreyte, and so he
came withall his fleete under the Isle of Wyght to a place
called the Kow, and then he departed from his shippe and
came to Estamstede the xxi. daye of Julye to the kyng, of
whom he was well welcomed you may be sure. And so on
Mounday the xxiii. day of July the kyng and he came to
London to the Cardynals place and there sat in counsayle to
determine what should be done. After this the kyng dyned
with the Cardinall the xxiii. day of Julye, where he rehersed
that he had knowlege that the Admyrall of Britaine was in
Morles with a C. horsemen and a C. crosbowes, and yet he
fedde, and the kyng muche commended the lorde Admyral
for his payne and hardynes, and praysed theim of hys garde,
and specially fiftie, whiche left pylferyng and never went
from the lorde capitaine.

On the third day of July while this enterprise was done
at Morles, certaine Frenchemen to the nomber of CCC.

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horsemen came nere to the castle of Guysnes and kept theim
selfe in a close covert and so appered viii. or x. horsemen
and came nere Guysnes : out of the Castle came viii. Eng-
lishe archers and issued out of the gate and fell with the
Frenche horsemen in skyrmishe : to the Frenchemennes
reskue came iii. men of armes and skyrmished with the
archers whiche were a fote. Then out of Guysnes issued
xii. dimilances all Welshemen and ranne boldely to the
Frenchemen in reskue of the fotemen. Then the whole
bend of Frenchemen issued out and set on the Whelshemen,
the fotemen shotte while arrowes lasted and were faine to
fight with swordes, the Welchmen kept themselfes together
and entred into the bend of Frenchemen and brake their
speres and then fought so with swordes that they made
away, so that they escaped from the bend of CCC. horse-
men, and of the Frenche men were slayne iii. men and
V. horse, the fotemen were overpressed and solde their
lives dere, for the Frenchemen slew them al and would
take none prisoner, they were so angry with the kyllyng
of their horse.

Also the XXV. day of July sir Wyllyam Sandes treasorer
of Caleys and sir Edward Guildforde Marshal, with banners
spred, issued out of Caleys with xiiii. C. menne and went
into the Frenche pale lokyng for Mounsire Foyat whiche
was a great mocker and a coward : But when he appeared
not they went to Whitsand baye and set it on fyer, and the
people fled to the churche whiche was fortified and stode at
defence, the body of the churche was wonne and then they
toke the steple and some yelded themselfes, but the rem-
nant by counsail of a priest mainteined so long that the
Steple was fyred and then the priest cried succour, but it
was to late and so the Frenche people was fayne to lepe the
Steple and divers perished, and they that were saved wer led
to Caleys as prisoners. Farther the xxiii. daye of the same
moneth Thwaites a capitaine of an Englishe shippe tooke
land beside BuUeyn, and went up thre myle into the
countrey to a toune called Newe Castle and forrayed all
the countrey and in his returne set fyer on the toune and
brent a great part therof maugre the Bullenoys, and with
his bowes and men whiche only was vi. score, he put
backe Ixxx. Haugbushes and CCC. men of warre of the
countrey and so came to their shippe with al the botie

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King Henry the VIII.

263

and lost no man, notwithstandyng they were sore folowed
to their shippe.

On the vi. day of July the Cardynall satte in the starre
chamber at Westminster where he sayd, my Lordes it is
reason that you should know the honorable enterprise done
by the lorde Admiral and his compaigny in Brytaigne whiche
hath dispoyled and destroyed the great toune of Morles in
Brytaigne with all the villages and countrey adjoynyng to
the same, whiche is in the Frenche dominion, whiche mis-
chiefe had never risen yf Fraunces the Frenche kyng had
kept his othe and promise. For he is bound that he should
never retayne the Swyches from the Emperor, nor that he
shall not invade any of the Emperors landes or dominions,
whiche he hath done, for he hath invaded the countrey of
Henaude and Cambrises and taken Heding and Fountraby
with many other injuryes. For when the kyng sent me and
other to his great costes the last yere to Caleys to treate
a unitie and peace betwene theim, all our saiynges were by
the Frenche kyng turned into a mocquery. Also contrary
to hys promyse he hath suffered Duke Jhon of Albany to
entre the realm e of Scotland to the great perUl of the yong
kyng, Nephieu to our soveraigne lorde, and also entenddth
to mary the Quene of Scottes contrary to the kynges honor.
The sayd Frenche king also witholdeth the kinges dueties
and his sisters dower : wherfore of necessitie the kyng is
entered into warre, for no prince wyll suffre the wrong that
the French kyng offereth hym as an untrue and forsworne
prince, wherfore for your owne welth you must now ayde
your prince, trustyng to punyshe and chastice hym to your
great honor and fame.

Then by commaundement wer all Frenchemen and Scottes
imprisoned and the goodes seazed, and all suche as were
denizens were commaunded to shewe their letters patentes,
and suche as were allowed had all their goodes and the other
not, and all Frenchemen and Scottes that had maryed Eng-
lishe women, the wifes and children had halfe the goodes
delivered unto them, and every denizen to fynde suertie for
hys good abearyng, and all the other yf they would be bayled
to fynde suerties for their trueth and allegeaunce or els to
be kept in pryson, for the portes were so kept that they
could not flye.

The kyng nowe beyng entered into the warres thought

not

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not to slepe and let the Frenche kyng alone, wherfore by his
letters he commaunded certain persones with their powers to
come to London in August. They that wer appointed came
accordyngly, every man with suche a nomber as to him was
appointed, and when they had mustered at London before
the kynges Commissioners they were nere xii. M. menne
with the Poyners, and they were sent to the lorde Admyral
whiche lay at Dover with iiii. M. men, but because harvest
was not done, the vitayle at Caleys was to litle for so great
an armye, wherfore they lay in Kent at tounes there a good
space, whiche made vytaile dere there.

In this sommer the lorde Rosse and the lorde Dacres of
the North whiche were appointed to kepe the borders agaynst
Scotland did so valiantly that they burned the good toune of
Kelsy and Ixxx. villages and overthrew xviii. towers of stone
with all their Barnkyns or Bulwerkes.

The kyng also in this moneth was credibly enformed that
the duke of Albany prepared an army royall of Scottes and
Frenchemen to invade England. Wherfore the kyng ap-
pointed the Erie of Shrewsbury his lorde Steward to be his
Lyeutenaunt generall against the sayd Duke and his inva-
sions, whiche directed his letters to the shyres of Yorke,
Darby, Stafford, Shropshyre and al other beyond Trent that
all menne should be in readynes.

The XX. daye of August the Cardynall sent for the Maior,
Aldermen and the moste substanciallest commoners of the
Citie of London, where he declared to theim that the kyng
had appoynted commissioners through the whole realme of
England for to swere every manne of what value he is in
movables, the more to be in readynes for the defence of
this realme. And the kyng for the love he beareth you
would have syt with you hymselfe, but for certayne other
affayres in hys warres to be doone he is letted, and so hath
appoynted me your Commissioner. Wherfore in convenient
tyme certifye me the nomber of all suche as be worth one
hundreth poundes and upwarde, to the intent I may sweare
theim of their values : for fyrst the kyng asketh of you your
lovyng heartes and due obeysaunce, the whiche shall appeare
by your cdnformitie to his requestes, and when the value is
taken he desyreth onely the tenth part of goodes and landes
which^ is the least reasonable thyng that you can ayde your
prince with. I thynke every one of you wyll offer no lesse.

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King Henry the VIII.

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as for the spiritualtie every manne is in the shyres sworne
and shall and wyll gladly pay the fowerth part to the kyng
and lyve on the iii. partes. Nowe to your part I am sure
you wyll not grudge, therfore name me the menne of sub-
staunce and for the meaner sorte, meaner Commissioners
shall be appoynted. Syr sayd a marchaunt yf it may please
you, how shal this tenth part to the king be dely vered ? In
money plate or Juels sayd the Cardinall at a value. O my
lorde sayd the Aldermen it is not two monethes sithe the
kyng had of the Citie xx. thousand pound in ready money
in loane, whereby the Citie is very bare of money, for
Goddes sake remembre this, that riche marchauntes in ware
be bare of money : Well sayd the CardynaU, this must
be done and therefore go about it. So the Aldermen
resorted to their "Wardes and named suche as they judged
to be of that value, whiche came before the Cardinall and
moste humbly besought hym that they myght not be sworne
for the true value of their substaunce, for the true valuacion
to theim was unknowen and many honest mennes credence
was better than his substaunce, and therfore they doubted
the peril of perjury. Well sayde the Cardinall sythe you
dread the cryme of perjurye, it is a sygne of grace, and
therefore I will for you borowe of the kyng a lytle. Make
you your bylles of your owne value likely to report your
fame, and then more busynes nedeth not, for you see what
two costly armyes the kyng hath ready against bothe
Fraunce and Scotland, therfore nowe shewe your selfes lyke
lovyng subjectes, for you be able enough. And I dare
sweare the substance of London is no lesse worth then two
Myllions of golde. Then sayd the citezens we woulde to
God that it were so, and the citie is sore appaired by the
great occupiyng of straungers. Well sayd the Cardinall it
shalbe redressed if I lyve : But on Saterday next I shall
appoynt one to receyve your bylles, and he that is of
credence more then of substance let hym resorte to me and
I will be secrete and good to hym. Thus the Citezens
departed in great agony saiyng, that at the last loane some
lent the fifth part and nowe to have the tenth part was to
muche. And here note well that the x. thousand poundes
that was lent was not taken as the xx. of every mannes
substaunce, but it should be allowed as part of the x. part,
and this valuacion shoulde performe up the whole x. part.

Great

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Great was the mournyng of the common people as it
is ever in suche cases of paymentes. But in the ende
one doctor Tonnys a secretary to the Cardinal came to
the Chapiter house of Paules, and to him the citezens
brought in their bylles and on their honestie they were
received, whiche values afterwarde turned them to dis-
pleasure.

The spiritualtie made suite to the lorde Cardinall that
no temporall men should sit to examyne them, to be made
privy to their possessions and goodes : wherfore bishoppes
and Abbottes were appoynted commissioners to take the
value of their substaunce.

In this season was great plentie of vitaile sent to
Caleys, and to the lorde Admyral were sent Tentes and
Pavilions some of Ixx. lodgynges for hym and other
noble men.

The Friday beyng the xxii. day of August certain
Welshemen were lodged at a poore village named Cause,
because in Caleys was verye narow lodgyng, and the same
night CCCC. Frenchmen passed by Caleys haven for lacke
of good watche and came into the same village and set fyer
in the house where the Welshemen lay whiche ranne awaye
naked into the Marishe and saved themselfes, but their
horses wer taken. This chaunce happened for lacke of
good watche.

When the lorde Admyrall had brought all his menne out
of the shippes and that all the souldiors were come out
of Englande and the ordinaunce set on land, then came
into Caleys haven xxiiii. shippes out of Spayne from the
Emperor whiche set on land CCC. Spanyardes whiche were
sent to serve the lorde Admyrall and under hym they were
put. When all thinges were ready, the lorde Admyrall set'
in order his battels and for the forwarde he appoynted sir
Robert RatcleiFe, lorde Fitzwater for Capitayne, and with
hym divers knightes and gentlemen whiche capitaine kept
his men in very good order.

After that battail folowed the ordinaunce, artilerie and
other trusses with vitail and necessaries, and for the capi-
taine of the horsemen was appointed syr Edward Gylford,
by whom the currers and vewers of the countrey were
appointed. The myddle warde ledde the lorde Admyrall
himselfe, and in his compaignie the lord Edmond Haward

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King Henry the VIII.

267

his brother, with many worshipfull knightes squiers and
tall yomen : The last battail was ledde by twoo valiaunt
knightes of the Garter syr Wyllyam Sandes and syr Richard
Wyngfelde, and with theim was sir Richard Jernyngham
with many other. In good order of battaill they passed
over Newnam bridge the xxx. dai of August to a place
called Calkewel and their lodged betwene the Wyndmyl
and the marrishe.

The same day came to the lorde Admyrall a certain
nombre of wilde persones, as menne out of service and
apprentises that rann from theyr Masters and other ydle
persons, and him desired that they might be retained in the
kynges wages, to whom he answered, that the kyng had
appointed the nombre of suche as should have wages, which
was fully complete, and advised theim to returne into Eng-
lande and not to loyter there. Then sayd a tall yoman,
my lord here be many good felowes that with your favor
would jeopard to get or lose, for their mynde is to be
revenged on the Frenchemen enemies to the kyng and his
rcalme. Good felowe sayd the lorde Admirall, theyr myndes
be good, but if for lacke of conduite they should be cast
awaye, it were a losse to the kynge and a great corage
to the Frenchemen. Then al the compaignie cried, let us
go in the name of God and sainct George : Then after
counsaill taken he gave them a Penon of sainct George
and bad them adventure (of whiche they were called ad-
venturers) and farther bad theim that yf they got any botie
they should ever bryng it to tharmy, and they should be
payde to the uttermost, and then he gave them money and
commaunded them weapons and so the sayd xxxi. daye
the sayd adventurers iiii. C. in nombre and mo, sette for-
ward before the host, but how thei did, you shall heare
afterwarde.

Monday the fyrst day of September the armye removed
towarde Guisnes, which day was very hote and drinke
lacked, and water was not nere, so that some died for faint-
nes, and this night they laye at Guysnes.

Tewsday the second day of September the armye passed
towarde Arde : And in the golden Valay where the kyng of
Englande and the Frenche kyng met two yeres before, there
met with tharmy of England two capitaines of the Bur-
gonions, the one called therle of Egremond the Seneschal

of

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of Henaude, and the lorde of Bavers Admyral of Flaunders
with V. C. horsemen, like men of warre. The lord Admiral
in gentle maner received these two capitaines and their com-
paignie and so they joyned theimselfes to the Englishe armye,
and the same day they tooke lodgyng at Arde south from
the toune, where they were wel vitailed, and there lay wed-
nisday all day, and the Burgonyons lay under the castle of
Mountorrey. The next day they removed to the vale of
Lyekes, and there encamped themselfes. Sir George Cob-
ham the same day with ii. M. men, by the Admiralles com-
maundement came to thee toune of Selloys and set fyer in
the toune, and when the toune was on fyer he assauted the
castle. They within made resistence, but it availed not, for
the walles were entred and the souldiers taken, and the castle
set on fyre, and with gunpouder overthrew the walles : then
with hast he removed to a town called Brune bridge and set
it on fyer and also brente a toune called Senkerke, and also
the tounes of Botyngham and Manstier and so returned to
the lord Admirall whiche gave him greate thankes. The
Frenchemen appered in plumpes, but yet they durst not
reskewe theyr tounes.

On saterday the lord Admirall removed with the whole
army too a ground beside saynt Nerbyns and there lay all
Sonday beyng the vii. day of Septembre, wher he sent
divers compaignies out, which forranged the countreyes and
brent many villages as farre as thei might travail the lord
Admirall caused the toune of Narbyn to be brent, and tooke
thee castle and rased it and utterly destroyed it.

On Monday the viii. day, he removed to Daverne and
brente al the tounes as he passed, and liyng there he brente
the toune of Daverne and cast doune the castle of Colum-
berge and the Castle Rew, but the churches of Daverne and
a house of Nonnes, wer saved by his commaundement.
The same day was brente sainte Marie de Boys and all the
countreye twelve myle about was of light fyer, the people
fledde and lefte tounes and Castelles full of wyne, corne,
and all other necessaries, so that in Daverne the Englishe-
men found greate plenty, whiche or they went away they set
a fyer.

The ix. day of Septembre the whole armye came before
the toune of Boyardes in which was a Churche more liker a
Castle then a Church, for it was depe ditched A^ith drawe

bridges

King Henry the VIII.

269

bridges and with Bulwarkes, fortefied and lopes very war-
like. The Admirall beholdyng It sayd, thys is like no
house of praier. Then he commaunded his people to enter
the dyches and plucke doune the drawe bridges, and set fyer
in the churche and with gunpouder overthrewe it, and brent
the toune and all the villages adjacent to the same, the people
cried and fledde, well was he that might save him selfe.

The X. day thei came to the toune of Vaus, which was
ny the toune called Fauconberge and there a company of
Frenchemen were askried, for out of a wood they shewed
them selves, but thei taried not long, but without profer of
encounter thei departed. Wherfore thee whole armye toke
their campe and there lay till the xiii. day whiche was sater-
dai, every daye sendyng plumpes out to set fyer in the
countrey, and on that daye they toke the way to Frynge
or Frynges, and ther brent the towne and destroyed the
castle which was very strong.

The Sonday beyng the xiiii. day, the lorde Admirall with
his compaigny in great raine and yll wether passed by hilles
and valeys verye painefuUy, and with greate labor came to a
toune called Blaniow, and there taried mgnday aU day and
there al day counsailed the capitaines bothe of England and
Flaunders or Burgon what was best to be done.

On tewsday in the mornyng came a trumpet from the
Castle of Hedyng and desired to speake wyth the capitaine,
whiche incontinent sent for hym : my lorde capitaine sayd
the trumpet, the capitaine of Hedyng desireth you to come
thither and see the place, and on the walles he wyll bring
you good lucke, and he prayeth you not to hurt the dere in
hys parke, and for any other hurt you can do hym he careth
not : well sayde the lorde Admyrall, I wyll send hym answere
by my trumpet. Incontinent he called a trumpet and bad
hym go to Hedyng to Mounsire de Bees and to say to him
that he would come to the castle of Hedyng, and if he slay
any of my menne with his artillerie, let him trust me, that if
I gette the castle I shall save neither man, woman, nor
chUde. So wyth that message the trumpet departed and
declared it to Mounsire de Bees, whiche sayd that it was
spoken of noble corage, and so the trumpet returned, and
the same day the campe was removed and the whole armye
came about the castle of Hedyng, at whiche tyme the
toune of Hedynge was sore infecte with pestilence, where-
fore

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Message from
Hedyng.

The answere.

Hedyng
beseged.

270

King Henry the VIII.

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The cause
why the
castle was
not assauted.

The siege
raised.

fore a generall commaundement was geven that no man
should once come into the toune, howbeit some of the
Burgonyans did and set fyre in the houses.

When the siege was planted, the ordinaunce was very light
for the wayes were so depe and the grounde so wet that the
greate ordinaunce could not be caried. Thys thing was well
debated by the lord Admirall and the capitaines. After they
had been there xi. dayes, fyrst they considered that the castle
could not be obtained wyth out great ordinaunce, which in
no wyse could then be caried, and also if they wyth the light
ordinaunce shotyng should spend all their pouder and not
get the castle then in theim might be reckened great foly,
and al so they should bee in great jeopardie to passe wyth-
out ordinaunce, and further the plage began sore in the
armye, wherefore they determined to leave the siege and
returne. But whyle they lay at the toune they bet doune
roifes, galleries, chymnies, and suche other thynges as the
light ordinaunce would bete doune, whyche sore defaced the
beautie of the castle. They also destroied all the dere in
the Parke, whyche were falowe dere and left none for the
capitaine. The Englishemen were clerely determined to
have assauted the castle if the Burgonions would have done
the same : But they refused, whyche seyng the Englishmen
left the assaut alone : For though the Englishemen had
gotten it, it should have been delivered to the Emperours
use by the treatie, for he claymed it as his inheritaunce,
whyche caused the Englishemen to leave the assaut.

And so the xxii. daye of September they rered the siege
and set theim selfes in good order of battaill and passed
styl onwarde til they came to Dorians and brent the toune,
and rased the castle, and from thence came to the good
toune of Barrier and brent and spoyled the same. Thus he
brent all the way as he passed : and ever the wether was
worse, and men fell sicke wherfore the Burgonions and
the Spaniardes returned into Flaunders above Betwyn.

Then the lord Admyral sawe that it was no time to kepe
the felde, turned bacward in good order of battaill and
came to Calaice the xvi. daye of October. And while he lay
at Calayce he sent out syr Willyam Sandes, syr Morice
Barkeley, syr Willam Fitzwillam wyth iii. M. men, whiche
brent Marguyson whyche was newly edified and fortefied,
they brent also the toune of sainct Johnes Rhode and

Temple

King Henry the VIII.

271

Temple toune, and many villages. At this voiage wer
taken many prisoners xiii. M. shepe, xiiii. C. great cattel
as Oxen and Kyen, and xiii. C. hogges, and xi. C. Mares and
Horses, wyth this great botie this crew returned to Calayce
in safetie.

Then the lord Admyral sent syr Jhon Walop wyth ix. C.
men to saint Omers to lye there and at Guysnes, Hammes,
and at Marke, and at Oy he left another nombre and left
capitaines to overse them and aU the soudiers had a monethes
wages payed them and so returned into Englande. The
adventurers taried still and gat many good prayes, and
brought to the garrisons, and lacked nothyng : they were
muche drad of all the common people, for of them they
had great prayes, and dayly learned feates of warre whiche
made them the bolder.

When the lorde Admirall had set all thynges in an order
on that syde the sea, he toke shippe and with the Navy came
into the river of Thames and so to the kynge, of whom he
was wellcommed and not unworthy.

In this season were banished out of Southwarke xii. Scottes
whiche had dwelt there a long season and wer conveied from
parisheto parishe by the constable like men that had abjured
the realme, and on their uttermost garment a white crosse
before and another behynd them. Thus were they conveyed
through London Northwarde till they came to Scotlande.

While the lorde Admiral was this in Fraunce destroiyng
the countrey, the noble Erie of Shrewsbury lorde George
Talbot and Stewarde of the kynges houshold prepared by
the kynges commaundment a great army toward Scotland :
for the kynge was enformed that Duke Jhon of Albany
(whiche in the Parliament of Scotland was made lord gover-
nor of the realme and of the yong kyng duryng hys nonage)
had raised a mightie and puissaunt host of Scottes to the
nomber of Ixxx. M. men as after was well knowen, whiche
were warlike appointed, and that he wyth v. C. Frenchemen
with handgunnes and other great artillerie was commyng
forward to invade the west Marches of England adjoynyng
toward Scotlande. Wherefore the kyng sent worde to therlc
of Shrewsbury, which with all diligence lyke a noble capitaine
set forward towarde Yorke, and wrote to therles of North-
umberland, Westmerland and Darby, to the lorde Dacres,
Lumley, ClyfFord, Scrope, Latemer, Ogle, Darcy, Conyers,

and

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27^

King Henry the VIII.

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The saiyng of
a Scottishe
Erie.

The answere
of the duke of
Albany.

and to al other gentlemen to be ready within viii. houres
warnyng with all their powers : and so in jorniyng, he wyth
his power whiche was great, came to the citie of Yorke
abidyng the ordinaunce, and the lordes and all other thynges
necessary in suche a case.

In the meane season the Scottes were come nigh to the
citie of Carleyle and lodged them nigh the water of Eske
not farre from Sulway sandes, and there made their abode.
Therle of Westmerland, the lord Dacres, the lorde Roos,
the lord Mountaigle, with the knightes of Lancashere, West-
merland and Cumberland were ready with xxviii. M. men to
have geven them battaill.

When the Scottes sawe that they could not come into
England with out battaill, the lordes of Scotland drew to
counsail, and amongest all one wyseman said, my lordes,
hether be we come by the commaundement of my lorde
Governor the duke of Albany, but for what cause the warre
is we should know : you al remember that the last warre
was to the realme of Scodand muche prejudiciall : For kyng
James the IIII. brought the realme of Scotland to the best
that ever it was : and by his warre it was brought to the
worst almost that may be, for by that warre was he and his
nobilitie slain, whiche Scotland sore lamenteth : Wherfore
by myne advice let us go to the duke and know of him the
cause. Then thei al came to the dukes court, and therle
of Arrayn an auncient man spake for them al and saied, my
lord Governor, by your will and commaundement here is
assembled almost all the nobilitie of Scotland with their
power upon a pretence to entre into England, my lordes
here would know the cause and quarel why this war is
begon, if it might please your goodnes, it should wel
satisfie their mindes.

The duke studied a good while and sayd : this question
would have bene demaunded or now : For wel you know
that I for the very love that I bere to the realme of Scot-
land of the which I have my name, honor and lynage. I
have passed the seas out of the noble realme of Fraunce
into this realme of Scotland. One great cause to bryng
you to a unitie when you were in devision : By reason of
which devision your realme was likely to be conquered
and destroied. Also the Frenche kyng by my suites and
intercession wyl joyne with you in aide against thenglish

nacion :

King Henry the VIII.

273

nacion : and when this warre was determined in the parlia-
ment, you made me capitain, authorisyng me to invade
England with banner displaied : then was no question de-
maunded of the right or quarell, and that I have is by your
assent and agrement, and that I will justifie : But to answer
your demaunde, me thinke you have just cause to invade
England with fyer, sworde, and bloud, if you be not to for-
getful], and without you wH beare dishonor and reproche for
ever ; for you know that this realme of Scotland is our
inheritaunce as a porcion of the world allotted to our nacion
and auncetors whom we succede : Then where may be
better warre then to mainteine this our naturaU inherit-
aunce, is not daily sene the great invasion that thenglishmen
on ^s make, the greate manslaughters and murders with
robberies and spoiles that they do dayly ? Is not this cause
of warre ? To defend the countrey is the office of a king
the honor of noble men and the very service of chivalry,
and the duty natural of the cominaltie. For I thinke it a
just quarel if we might conquere the realme of England and
annex it to our realme and make a Monarchie : For sith the
beginning of our habitacion in this Isle of Britaigne, that
nacion and we have bene enemies, and us they have ever
hated, and yet we have ever withstode them til at the last
battail of Branxston where we by chaunce lost our sove-
reigne lord and many noble men, but that was by treason
of his lord chamberlain, and yet I thinke we wan the fielde :
which murther I thinke all we noble men ought to revenge.
Therfore I would that you should coragiously avaunce your
self in this quarel to get honor and to be revenged.

Then a sad man called the president of the counsaill said,
my lord : Fortune of warre is led by him that all ledeth,
and he striketh the stroke, we can worke no miracles, and
here are the lordes of England redy to encountre us, and
surely they will fight, for their power shall encreace daily
and ours is at the hyest. And God geve us the victory as I
trust he will, yet have we not won the field. For redy
comming is the lord talbot erle of Shrewsbury so muche
drad in Fraunce as you know wel, with a great puissaunt
army, and there is no doubt but the kyng of England wil
send or bring another army, if we should chaunce to get
the first battail : if we get the ii. fields, that wil not be
without losse of many nobles, by reason wherof the realme

shalbe

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2 74

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THE XIIII.
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shalbe weaker. And if we be overcome, how many shalbe
slayne God knoweth : they that fle be worthy to be reputed
as traitors to the king and so by wilfulnes and folishe har-
dines the realme shalbe in jeopardy to be undone, and I say,
while the king is within age, we ought to move no warre,
sith by warre we may bring him to distruccion. Alas said
the duke here is al the puissaunce of Scotland : if we re-
turne we shal encorage our enemies, and the realme of
Scotland shall ever be rebuked and defamed. All this com-
municacion in counsaill was written by one sir Lother priest
and Scot and secretary to the quene of Scottes, whiche was
a secretary there in the host at that tyme, to a Scottishe
priest that dwelt in London : and farther he wrote that the
Scottishe kyng did muche for the Frenche kynges pleasure
to draw the lordes of England with their powers toward that
partie and to put the kyng of England to charges, so that
he should not invade Fraunce.

After this communicacion the quene of Scottes which
doubted the sequele of this matter, sent worde to the duke
and him required to comon of a peace with the warden of
thenglish Marches, which sent an Herauld to the lord
Daker then warden of the west Marches, the lord Daker
agreed, and upon hostages went to the duke of Albany into
his campe, where the quene of Scottes by that tyme was
come, and so ther was an abstinence of warre taken for
a season : and in the meane tyme the duke and the quene
promised to send Ambassadours to the kyng of England
to conclude a peace : And thus the Scottes returned into
their houses. This truce was taken the xi. day of September
betwene England and Scotland this xiiii. yere of the kyng.
Therle of Shrewsbury hearyng of the truce by the lorde
Dacres letters returned with al his company, sory that he
had not gone forward on the Scottes. In this season the
commissioners sat for the loane of the x. part of every mans
substaunce in every shyre, the people were sworne and some
avaunsed themselfes more then they were worth of pride,
not remembryng what was comyng, and the commissioners
did what they could to set the people to the uttermoste,
whiche afterwarde turned the people to muche heavines,
and by reason of this, great summes of money were levied,
but the moste part were not content, because the loane
was so sodainly paied. But under the value of v. pound

no

King Henry the VIII.

275

no man lent a peny. The vii. day of October was iiii. M,
pound paide to the citie of London whiche was lent for a
private cause about the loane of the x. part.

In this yere the bakers of London came and tolde the
Mayre that corne would be dere, wherupon he and the
Aldermen made provision for xv. C. quarters, and when it
was come they would by none, and made the common
people beleve that it was musty, because they would utter
their owne, so that the lorde Cardinall was fayne to prove
it, and found the bakers false and commaunded them to
bye it.

The XV. day of October the kyng lay at Hichyn in Hart-
ford shyre to see his Haukes flye, and by chaunce, there
the kynges lodgyng was on fyer and he in greate feare, but
in no jeopardie, and so the kyng came shortly to London
and sent for the Mayre and dyvers Comoners and to them
gave thankes for many kyndnes whiche they thought they
had well deserved.

The warre thus continuing betwene the Frenche kyng and
the kyng of Englande, there was a valiaunt Capitayn Con-
stable of the castle of Hammes under the lorde Mountjoy
called sir Richard Whethyll, the Frenchemen hym so muche
hated that they devised a policie to take him, and so on
Christmas day at night there issued out of BuUain CC. hors-
men and CCC. fotemen, and somuche they travayled that all
together were come to a place where Hoppes grewe, nere
Hammes castell called Catte Hall. When they were come
thither, they kept theimselfes covert, and in the morning
they brake up the Turne pyke by saint Gertrudes : Then
sent they into Hammes Marshe ix. or x. footemen to take
cattell. In the castle the alarme rang, but the embushement
kept theim stU close : The constable perceived what the
alarme ment, and armed hym, and so did his archers, and
toke his horse, and thre gentelmen went on foote by him.
The Frenchemen of purpose drived the cattell here and there
as though it would not be driven, sir Rychard Whethyll pur-
sued them. When the drivers sawe hym, they drove the
catteU into a greate fielde : then were the bushment of horse-
men and fotemen betwene hym and sainct Gertrudes, and
they sodainly brake out on hym, and the thre gentelmen
on foote fought valiauntly but thei were slaine, the knight
alighted and fought on foote manfully, but he was borne

doune

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King Henry the VIII.

THE XIIII.
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[1522-23]

The duke of
Albany-
returned.

doune with pykes, and sore wounded and so was compelled
to yelde hym selfe prisoner : by that tyme were xxx. archers
come out of the castle, and when they sawe the greate nomber
of the Frenchemen, then they knewe that their capitain was
betrayed and so returned.

In this Christmas whiche was kept at Eltham, the
Cardinall made dyvers reformacions for the kynges hous-
holde, and al they that had no masters were commaunded
to avoyde.

The xxvii. day of February syr Jhon Walop knyght sent
Ix. aventurers from Guysnes to seke aventures, and they
mette with a Gentelmanne called Thomas Palmer whiche
went with them. And out of a Castell betwene BuUaine
and Marguyson called Hadyngham came out Ixxx. Frenche-
men with Pykes and Crosbowes, and sette on the same
Palmer whiche hym defended.

Al his company savyng xxiii. persons were gone about to
seke their pray. These xxiii. persons him manfully succoured
and after the Frenchmen had slain his horse and wounded
hym, his company slew iii. Frenchemen and toke xxv. on
live whiche were all hurt and so were thenglishemen, for the
Frenchemen fought sore. All these prisoners were brought
to Guisnes, and the remnant of thadventurers returned with
muche cattell.

The last day of February Ix. Englishmen archers and
bilmen came to a place called saint Anthonies nere to Mar-
guison and entred the houses and fell a spoilyng : The
Frenchemen were therof advertised by a spy, and came on
and set on a few Englishmen which were together: then
with noise other of thenglishemen approched, so they were
xl. persones. Then came out a freshe embushment of
Frenchemen and set on thenglishemen and so slewe xi.
and toke xx. prisoners and the other scaped. About this
tyme the duke of Albany sailed out of Scotland into Fraunce,
and the French kyng somuch favored him, that as it was
shewed to the kyng of England for truthe, that when the
French kyng rode through Paris he rode on the one hand
and Richard de la Pole a traitor to England and by parlia-
ment attainted on the other hand, and that the duke had
asked of the French kyng v. M. horsemen and x. M.
Almaines, and that he had promised the French kyng if
he had those xv. M. men, he would do one of these iii.

thynges.

King Henry the VIII.

277

thynges, either sley the kyng of England in battaill, or els
take hym prysoner, or els drive hym out of his realme.
These were shamefuU bragges of a noble man and very
folishe.

Ye have hard before how truce was taken by the duke of
Albany and the lord Dacres for a season betwene England
and Scotland and that Ambassadors should be sent to the
king of England, so it was that in October accordyng to
their accustomed doublenes they sent iii. personages of smal
behavor as it semed, as Ambassadours from Scotland : thei
were smally regarded and shortly departed. Their commis-
sion was to know whether the same tyme or abstinence of
warre was by the kyng assented to or not, and other com-
mission had they none. Thus they ment craftely as you
may perceyve, for in suche troubelous tyme they may steale
unpunished, whiche they may not do in tyme of peace.
Wherfore the kyng to be sure of them sent for Henry
the V. erle of Northumberland and him made warden of
the whole Marches which thankefully accepted the same,
and so departed lord Warden. But howsoever it happened
he made suite to the kyng and his counsaill and never left,
til he was discharged of the same, and then therle of Surray
lord AdmiraU of England was made generall warden, and the
lord Marques Dorset was made Warden of thest Marches
and Myddill, and the lorde Dacres of the west Marches :
whiche iii. lordes sped them thether the vi. day of March
for the defence of the borders, For refusyng of this office
therle of Northumberland was not regarded of his owne
tenauntes whiche disdained hym and his bloud, and muche
lamented his foly, and al men estemed hym without hart or
love of honour and chivalry.

The kyng out of hand sent commission to gather the
loane, this was called the practisyng of the loane, which sore
emptied mens purses. In the same moneth were musters
taken through the realme and every man commaunded to be
ready within a dayes warnyng to do the kyng service in
harnes, whiche caused every man of honesty to bye harnes
and weapon.

The lorde Marques Dorset warden of the East Marches
betwene Englande and Scotland accompanied with sir Willyam
Bulmer and sir Arthur Darcy and many other noble men,
the second day of April then beyng shere thursday entred

into

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Ambassade

from

Scotland.

The loane
gathered.

278

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIIII.
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The oration
of doctor
Tunstall
Bishoppc of
London.

into Tyvedale and so x. myle into Galoway and brent on
every side townes and villages, and the Scottes in great
nomber shewed themselfes on the hylles and did not
approche, and so he all that night taried in the Scotishe
ground, and on good Friday returned wyth their botie
whyche was iiii. M. head of nete into Englande, when
they had brent Grymslay, Mowhouse, DuiForde mylles,
Ackeforthe, Crowlyng, Nowes maner, Midder Crowlyng,
Marbottel, Low Bog, SeiForth Maner, Myddyl rigge,
Primsed, Broket, Shawes Harvel, wide open Haught and
other tounes and villages, and yet lost not many men.

The XV. daye of Aprill beganne a Parlyament at the blacke
Fryers in London, and that day the Masse of the holy ghost
was song, all the lordes beyng present in their Parliament
robes. And when Masse was finished the kynge came into
the Parliament chamber and there satte doune in the seate
royall or throne, and at his fete on the right side satte the
Cardynal of Yorke and the Archebishop of Cantorbury, and
at the raile behind stode doctor Tunstal bishop of London,
which made to the whole Parliament an eloquent Oracion,
declaryng to the people the office of a kynge. Fyrst he
muste be a man of judgement accordyng to the saiyng of
the Prophet David Deus judicium tuum regi da &'c. Also he
muste be a man of great learnyng accordyng to the saiyng
of the Prophete Erudimini qui judicatis terrain. Accordyng
to whiche saiynges he sayde that God had sent us a prince
of great judgment, of great learnyng, and great experience,
whiche accordyng to hys princely dutie forgat not to studye
to sette forwarde all thynges whyche might be profitable to
his people and realme, least ther might be layde to hys charge
the saiyng of Seneca Es rex et non hahes tempus esse rex?
Art thou a kyng and hast no tyme to be a kyng ? whiche is
asmuch to say, as art thou a kyng and doest nothyng profit-
able to thy people .? Art thou a kyng and seest the people
have an insufficient lawe ? Art thou a kyng and wilt not
provide remedy for the mischiefe of thy people .? These
thynges have moved the kynges highnes to call this hys
high court of Parliament both for the remedy of mischiefes
whiche be in the common law, as recoveries, forain vouchers
and corrupt trials. And for makyng and orderyng of new
estatutes which may be to the high avauncement of the
common wealth, wherfore he wylleth the commons to re-

payre

King Henry the VIII.

279

payre to the common house and there to elect theim a
speaker, or theyr common mouth, and to certifie the lorde
Chauncellour of the same, whyche should thereof make
report to the kynges moste noble grace, whyche should
declare hys pleasure when he would have hym presented
before hys personne. Thys was the cause of the Parlya-
ment he sayd, but surely of these thynges no worde was
spoken in the whole Parlyament, and in effect no good acte
made except the graunt of a greate subsidie were one, but
accordyng to thys instruccion the commons departed to the
common house and chose for their speaker sir Thomas
Moore knight and presented hym the saterday after in the
Parlyament chamber, where he accordyng to the old usage
disabled hymselfe both in wit, learnyng, and discrecion, to
speake befor the kyng, and brought in for his purpose how
one Phormio desired Hanniball to come to his readyng,
whyche thereto assented, and when Hannyball was come, he
began to reade, de re militare, that is of Chivalrie, when
Hannyball perceived hym, he called hym arrogant foole,
because he would presume to teache hym whych was master
of Chivalrie, in the feates of warre. So the speaker sayde,
if he should speake before the kyng of learnyng and order-
yng of a common welth and such other like the kyng beyng
so well learned and of suche prudence and experience might
say to hym as Hannyball sayd to Phormio. Wherfore he
desired hys grace that the commons might chose another
speaker : The Cardinall answered, that the kyng knewe his
witte, learnyng and discrecion by long experience in his ser-
vice, wherefore he thought that the commons had chosen
him as the moste metest of al, and so he did admit hym.
Then sir Thomas Moore gave to the kyng hys moste humble
thankes, and desired of hym two peticions : The one, if he
should be sent from the commons to the kyng on message
and mistake their entent, that he might with the kinges
pleasure resort againe to the commons for the knowledge of
their true meanyng : The other was, if in communicacion and
reasonyng any man in the common house should speake more
largely then of dutie he ought to do, that all such offences
should be pardoned, and that to be entred of recorde, whiche
two peticions were graunted, and so thus began the Parlya-
ment and continued as you shall heare.

Because an evil chaunce happened to the great rebuke of

al

THE XIIII.
YERE

[1522-23]

The Oration
of Sir
Thomas
More.

28o

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIIII.
YERE

[1522-23]

The Rhodes
besieged.

Why the turk
coveted the
Rhodes.

al christen princes, I entend briefly to declare the same
miserable chaunce. In the beginnyng of this yere Sulton
Solyman Pac called the great Turke which was but the
viii. of the ligne of Ottoman, the first that toke upon hym
to be a great capitain or ruler. And to whom Sultan Selyme
his father had lost thempyres of Constantinople, Trapesonde,
Alexandry, and Babylon, with many divers kyngdomes and
realmes : whiche Sultan Solymon the yere before had gotten
thee towne of Belgrade beyng the key of Hungary. Because
he sawe aU the greate princes in Christendome now at dis-
cord, thought it moste for his honor and profite to make
warre on the Isle of the Rodes and to take the same, which
Isle had been kept by the space of CC.xiiii. yeres by the
brethren or knightes of the order of sainct Johnes of
Jerusalem. Dyvers thynges moved him to take this enter-
price. One was because this Isle stode so that the religious
of the same oftentymes toke and destroyed his shippes as
they came with golde and other riches from Egypt Sirie and
other Est parties to Constantinople, so that by theim of
that Isle he sustayned more hurt then by all Christendome,
because the sayd Isle stode in the entry toward Constanti-
nople. Another mocion was because his father when he
died charged hym to assay to take the Rhodes for to be re-
venged of the shame that they had done to hys graundfather
Mahomet the great Turke which was with dishonor beten
from the siege of the Rhodes. But the greatest occasion
of all was the exhortacion of a great counsailer of the religion
called Andrewe Admiral borne in Portyngale, whiche knew
the whole estate and in what case the toune stode in : The
cause why this Andrew Amyral bare malice to his religion,
was because after the death of Frier Fabrica de Laretto lord
master of their religion, Ke was not elected to that honor,
but one Philip de Vylliers de Lisle Adam of Fraunce was
named to be lord Master, wherfore the said Andrew pro-
voked the Turke to come to the Rhodes.

The great Turke seyng so great an occasion offered and
desiryng honor, and also knowing the fortresse of the Rhodes
to lacke municions (for surely the brethren of the sayd order
wer both of suche wealth and pride and also lived after suche
an ungracious and ungodly fashion, that they toke neither hede
of their vow and solempne profession, nor also did forese
the thynge to come, so that the greate welth of them and

their

King Henry the VIII.

281

their evil livyng blinded them, so that they thought the
Turke durst not ones attempt to set on their garrison, and
so they beyng elevate in this point of pride, left their toune
unfurnished and so wer sodainly surprised as you shall
heare) wherfore the sayd Turke covertly provided for iii.
C. saile, in the whiche he caried all his artilery and al other
thinges necessary : in the which armye wer Ix. M. myners
and pyoners prepared for the only intent to digge and myne.
All the rest of the army of the Turke came by land to a
place called Fysco, which standeth so directly against the
Rhodes that a fyer may be seen from the one side to the
other, from whiche place the Turke sent letters to the
abovenamed Philip de Vylliers lorde Master of the sayd
religion signifiyng to him that he would have the sayd Isle
for' great damage that they had done to him and his people,
and if they would yeld to hym the sayd Isle, he promised on
his faith and by Mahomef his fyrst prophet, thei should have
no damage nor hurt by hym, and that thei that would depart
should go in safetie, and they that would tary and serve him
should have good wages and if they refused thys to do, he
sware that he would subvert the walles of their fortresse and
destroy them all and make them plaves, which letter was
dated at Constantinople the first dai of June. The said
Lord Master and his compaignie were greatly abashed at
this letter, but yet lyke hardy gentlemen they intended to
defende them, and made all the preparacions that they could
do in so short a space, and wrote to al princes christen of
their nede and distres. But the Turke like a wyly serpent
knowyng the great devision amongest the christen princes,
so that he knewe that they could sende no succours to the
Rhodes, sent CC. M. Turkes whiche arrived in the Isle of
the Rhodes on Mydsomer dai, which was the feastfuU daye
of the Rhodians in honor of Saint Jhon baptiste whiche
sodain commyng sore abashed the Rhodyans beyng but vi.
C. knightes and v. M. other mete to beare armes : yet of
noble courage and trusting in God, they determined to
defende the enemies of God, and the xxviii. day of July
the Turke arrived there in his awne persone, whiche muche
encouraged his people.

When the Turke was arrived, he bent his ordinaunce
towarde the toune and did no great harme, when he sawe
that the walles were of that defence that ordinaunce did

litle

VOL. I.

THE XIIII.
YERE

[1522-23]

2 N

282

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIIII.
YERE

[1522-23]

The

mountes.

The Mynes.

The assautes.

Treson
espied.

litle harme, he caused all his Pyoners to cast yearth,
one banke over an other still tyl they came within a bow-
shot of the wall, and although that many of the pyoners
were slain with ordinaunce of the toune, they never ceased
tyll they had made a banke of yearth hygher by x. foote
then the wall of the toune, and there they layde their
ordinaunce, so that no persone durst styrre on the walles
or Bulworkes, and thus with mountaines of yearth was
the toune environed and behynd the mountaynes lay the
Basheaux and chief capitaines of the Turke whiche were
ever ready to take their advauntage, and dayly they shot
into the toune and bet doune houses and slewe the people
in the streates, for they upon this mount myght easely see
into the toune. Besyde this, the Turke caused so many
mynes to bee made in divers places, that they within were
not able to make countermynes for lacke of people, inso-
muche as wemen were set a worke to dygge and cary,
by reason wherof a greate part of the walles were over-
throwen, and if they within • had not made countermynes
the toune had bene gotten within a short space.

Also the Turkes in September gave to the Rhodyans
foure greate assautes lyke valiaunt warriers, but the Christen
men within, so valiantly defended them, that at every assaute
they lost at the lest ii. M. men, and at the fourth assaute
they lost x. M. Turkes and more.

The greate Turke seyng the losse of his men at the
assautes, sent for MonstafFa Basshaw, through whose coun-
sail he toke on him this enterprice and much blamed hym
that he had made hym beleve that he might have the toune
within xii. dayes or in a moneth at the most, wherefore in
that furie he would have put hym to death, if the other
Basshawes had not entreated for him : but in conclusion
the Turke determined clerely to rayse his siege and to
departe, and so had done if that same night syr Andrew
Amyrall that you heard of before and a Jewe beyng within
the Rhodes had not written letters and shot them out on
quarelles into the Turkes army. By whiche letters the
Turke knewe the necessitie of the toune and feblenes of
the people, whyche caused hym to chaunge his purpose.
But this treason was espyed, and the traytors taken and
put to terrible execucion. And the Turke caused so many
Mynes to bee made, that although some tooke none efFecte,

yet

King Henry the VIII.

283

yet by some he overthrewe bothe Bulwarkes, walles and
towers, so that he myght entre into the toune : and so on
sainct Andrewes even he caused a greate assaute to bee
geven, whiche was very fierce, but yet the Christen men so
valiauntly defended them, that they slewe thre thousandef^
Turkes and mo, and kept them from enteryng that daie,
but the Citezens of the Rhodes after this assaulte, came to
the lorde Master, and praied hym to have compassion of
them, their wives and children, and shewed him that if the
toune were taken by assault, (as it was like to be) that thei
al should be ctuelly murdered, the lorde Master muche
regarded his honour, and comforted the peoplewith faire
wordes, but by chaunce about the same tyrhe, the great
Turke'sent a letter into the Rhodes, willyng theim to deliver
the toune, and they all should have their lyves and goodes,
and they that would tary, should tary in quiet, and thei that
would depart should savely depart.

When this letter was knowen, then the people cried out
on the lorde Master, to take the ofFre, wherfore he callyng
all his counsaiU together seyng that it was not possible to
kepe the toune longer, both for lacke of artUary and vytayle,
and also because his nomber was so minished, that scace he
had souldiers to kepe the walles, wherefore he by greate
advice determined to take the Turkes offer, and so sent to
hym twdo of his religion, for the farther conclusion and
assuraunce of the same, whiche well entertained them, and
had wrytynges sealed of all thynges that they desired, to
which two knightes, Aymeche Basshaw sware by his faith
that there was slayn at the siege Ixiiii. thousande Turkes, and
xl. thousande dedde of mortalitie and mo.

And so on Christmas daie, the great Turke hymselfe
entered into the Rhodes, and toke possession therof, and
the lorde Master and all his religion, the first daie of
January tooke shyp and sailed to Candy, and so in con-
clusion came to Rome, and there declared his chaunce and
adventure. Thus was the toune and the isle of the Rhodes,
taken by the great Turke, whiche was a great succour to all
christian men, resortyng into the East partes of the world,
whiche chaunce was muche lamented thorowe all Christen-
dom, and much blame put in all Princes, because they sent
no succoure nor aide to the Isle.

And this yere the byshoppe of Duresme died, and the

kyng

THE xim.
YERE

[1522-23]

The yeldyng
up of the
Rhodes.

284

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIIII.
YERE

[1522-23]

The XV.

yere.

The
Cardinalles

kyng gave the.byshoprike to the Cardinall, and he resigned
the byshoprike of Bathe, to doctor Jhon Gierke master of the
RoUes, and he made sir Henry Marney his vicechamberleyn
lorde Privie Seale, and after created hym lord Marney. In
the ende of this yere, doctor Blithe byshop of Chester, was
attached for treason, but he acquite hymselfe. And about
this season, the Cardinall of Yorke beyng Legate, proved
testamentes, and dyd call before hym, all the executors and
administrators, of every Dioces within the realme, so that
the bishoppes and ordinaries, did prove no great willes in
their dioces, except he were compounded with, not to their
litle dysavauntage. Also by his power Legantine he gave
by provencions, all benefices belongyng to spirituall per-
sones, by the whiche doyng, he not onely had the hatred
of the spiritualtie, but also he ran into the daunger of
the Premunire, whiche he sore after repented, as it shall
appere in the xxi. yere of this kyng.

THE XV. YERE.

THE Parliament beyng begon, as you haVe hard before
rehersed, the Cardinall accompaignied with diverse
lordes, aswell of the Spiritualtie, as of the tempor-
altie, came the xxix. daie of Aprill into the Common house,
where he eloquently declared to the commons, how the
Frenche kyng Fraunces the first, called the moste Christ-
ened kyng had so often' tymes broken promise with the
kyng of England, and his wel beloved nephew Charles the
Emperor, that the kyng of his honor, could no longer sufFre.
For first he declared, that the metyng of the saied twoo
prynces at Guisnes, the said Frenche kyng was sworne, to
kepe all the articles conteined in the tripartite league, made
betwene him, the Emperour, and the kyng of Englande,
sithe the whiche tyme, he hath made warre on themperors
dominions, by Robert de la Marche his capitain. He also
hath with holden the tributes and other paimentes, whiche
he should paie to the kyng of Englande, for redempcion of
Torney and Tirwin, and not with this content, hathe not
alonely robbed and spoyled the kynges subjectes, but also
hath sent Jhon duke of Albany into Scotland, to make warre

and

King Henry the VIII.

285

and to invade this realme, wherfore the king of necessitie
was driven to warre and defence, whiche in no wise could be
mainteined, without great somes of money, and he thought
no lesse then viii. C. M. pounde to be reised of the fifth part
of every mans goodes and landes, that is to saie iiii.s. of every
pounde, for he saidd that the yere folowing, the kyng and
the Emperour should make suche warre in Fraunce, as hath
not bene sene.

After that he had declared his matter at length, exhortyng
the Commons to aide their prince, in tyme of necessitie, he
departed out of the common house. The morow after, sir
Thomas More beyng speker, declared all the Cardinalles
oracion again to the commons, and enforced his demaund
strongly, saiyng : that of duetie men ought not to deny to
paye iiii.s. of the pound. But for all that, it was denied and
proved manifestly, that if the fifth part of substaunce of the
realme, were but viii. C. M. pounde and if men should paie
to the kyng, the fifth part of their goodes, in money or plate,
it was proved, that there was not so much money out of the
kynges handes, in al the realme, for the fifth part of every
mans goodes, is not in money nor plate : For although
five men were well m'onied, v. thousand were not so, the
gentelman of landes, hath not the fifth part of the value of
coyne : The Marchaunt that is ryche of Sylke, WoUe, Tynne,
Clothe, and suche Marchaundise, hath not the fift parte in
money, the husbande man is ryche in corne and cattel, yet
he lacketh of that some. Lykewyse viteilers and all other
artificers, be ryche in housholde stufFe, and not in money :
And th^n consequently, if all the money were brought to the
kynges handes then men must barter clothe for vitaile, and
bread for chese, and so one thyng fqr another : then con-
sider that after this valuacion, the kyng hath had by the waie
of loane ii.s. of the pound whiche is foure hundred M. pound,
and now to have iiii.s. of the pound which amounteth in the
whole xii. C. M. t. whiche first and last is vi.s. of the i. whiche
is almost the third part of every mans good, whiche in coyne
can not be had within this realme, for the profe whereof was
alleged, that if there were in Englande, but xv. M. parishes,
and every parishe should geve a C. marke, that were but
XV. C. M. marke, whiche is but x. C. M. I. and how many
parishes be in England one with another able to spare a C.
markes, out of cities and tounes : and where it is written,

that

THE XV.
YERE

[1523-24]

The
demaunde.

286

King Henry the VIII.

THE XV.
YERE

[1523-24J

that in England there be xl. M. parishe churches, it was
proved that there were not xiii. M. parishe churches at this
daie. Then accompt the whole some can not amounte above
X. C. M. t. and the kyng demaundeth viii. C. M. and he
according to this valuacion, hath had iiii. C. M. pounde, ther-
fore it was thought, the some was impossible to be levied, and
if all the coyne were in the kynges handes, how should men
live : Also the kyng had of the spirituall men the last yere
iiii.s. of the pounde.

After long reasonyng, there were certain appoynted, to
declare the impossibilitie of this demaunde to the Cardinall,
whiche according to their commission, declared to hym sub-
stancially the povertie and skarcenes of the Realme : All
whiche reasons and demonstracions, he litle regarded, and
then the saied persons, moste mekely beseched his grace,
to move the kynges highnes, to bee content with a more
easier some, to the whiche he currishly aunswered, that he
would rather have his tongue, plucked out of his hedde with
a paire of pinsons, then to move the kyng, to take any lesse
some : with whiche aunswere they almoste dismaied, cartie
and made reporte to the common house, where every daie
was reasonyng, but nothyng concluded.

Wherfore the Cardinall came again to the common house,
and desyred to be reasoned withal, to whom it was aunswered,
that the fashion of the nether house was, to heare and not
to reason, but emong themselfes. Then he shewed the
realme to be of great ryches, firste, because the kynges cus-
tomes were greater now, then they were before tyme : also he
alleged sumpteous buildynges, plate, riche aparel, of men,
women, children, and servauntes, fatte feastes, and delicate
dishes, whiche thynges were all tokens of greate aboundaunce :
with whiche repetyng of mens substaunce, as though he
had repined or disdained, that any man should fare well, or
be well clothed, but hymself, the commons greatly grudged.
And when he was departed out of the house, it was proved,
that honest apparell of the commodities of this Realme,
aboundaunce of plate, and honest viandes, were profitable to
the realme, and not prodigall.

After long debating, the Commons concluded to graunte
ii.s. of the pound, of every mannes landes or goodes, that
was worth xx. pounde, or might dispende xx. pound, to be
taken for the kyng, and so upwarde of every xx.s. twoo s.

and

^tm^mm^mmm

King Henry the VIII.

287

and from xl.s. to xx. pounde, of every xx.s. xii.d. and
under xl.s. of every hed xvi. yeres and upwarde iiii.d. to bee
paied in twoo yeres. This graunt was reported to the Car-
dinall, which therwith was sore discontent, and saied, that
the lordes had graunted iiii.s. of the pound, whiche was
proved untrue, for in dede they had graunted nothyng, but
barkened all upon the commons.

Then a knight called sir Jhon Huse of Lincolneshire,
saied, to please the Cardinall somwhat, let us gentlemen of
fiftie pound lande and upwardes, geve to the kyng of our
landes xii.d. of the pounde, to be paied in thre yere : with
whiche mocion diverse gentlemen were sore discontent. And
when the question was asked, ten or xii. of the gentelmen
sayed yea, and when the naie should be asked, the commons
saied nothyng, for they would not condempne, nor let the
gentelmen to charge themselfes, and so by x. or xii. persones
the gentlemen were burdened, with xii.d. more then other,
for the whiche graunt, sir Jhon Huse had muche evill will.

After this graunt made the xxi. daie of Maie, because of
Whitsontidci the parliament was proroged to the tenth daie
of June : Duryng which prorogacion, the common people
saied to the Burgesses, Sirs, we heare saie you will graunt
iiii.s. of the pound, we advise you to do so that you maie
go home, with many evill wordes and threatenynges.

And in this season, the Cardinall by his power legantine,
dissolved the Convocacion at Paules, called by the Arche-
bishop of Cantorbury, and called hym and all the clergie, to
his convocacion to Westminster, whiche was never sene before
in England, wherof master Skelton a mery Poet wrote.

Gentle Paule laie doune thy swear de :

For Peter of Westminster hatb shaven thy beard.

When the parliament was begonne again, the landed menne
of fiftie pounde and upward, seyng that they were charged,
with xii.d. of every pounde of their landes, moved, that all
suche as were worth fiftie pound in goodes and upward,
should paie also xii.d. of the pounde, in the iiii. yere. At
the whiche mocion was muche reasonyng, and at the last the
xxvii. daie of June, the question was asked, and doubtfull it
was, whether the yea or nay were moste, then was the house
divided, and all the commons severed theimselfes, from the
knightes of the sheres, so that one yea part remained onely

the

THE XV.
YERE

[1523-24J

288

King Henry the VIII.

THE XV.
YERE

[1523-24]

The Kyng of

Denmarkes

commyng

into

Englande.

the knightes of the shire, and the commons stifly affirmed
that the mocioners of this demaunde, were enemies to the
realme. At the last the Speaker called theim all together,
and after long perswadyng, and privie laboryng of frendes,
it was agreed that xii.d. of the pounde should be paied the
fourth yere, of fiftie pounde in goodes.

After this the parliament the xxxi. daie of July, was
adjorned to Westminster, and there continued till the xiii.
daie of August, and that daie at ix. of the clocke in the
night dissolved. Duryng the tyme of this Parliament the
xxvii. daie of Aprill, was Sir Arthur Plantagenet, bastarde
Sonne to kyng Edward the fourth, at Bridewell created
viscount Lisle, in the right of his wife, whiche was wife to
Edmond Dudley behedded.

In this season was true worde brought, that on Christmas
daie laste past, the strong toune of the Rhodes was de-
livered, to the great Turke called Sultan Soliman, with the
whole Islande, to the greate hurt of all Christian nacions :
the causes of the losse, was the evill livyng of the brethren
or knightes, and negligence of provision for the defence, and
the envie and treason emong themselfes, as it is written
and reported.

This yere Cristierne kyng of Denmarke with his wife,
which was sister to the Emperour Charles, and his thre
children, with xviii. shyppes arrived in Flaunders, cleane
banished out of his realmes and dominions, by his uncle
Frederick Duke of Hoist, and his awne subjectes, for his
crueltie as is written. Whiche Cristierne with his wife was
well entertained of the Duches of Savoy, and a pencion
assigned to hym to lyve on, in Brabant and HoUande.
Duryng the tyme of his there sojornyng, he made muche
suite to come into Englande, to see and speake with the
kyng, whiche request was to hym graunted, and so he and
his Quene, with foure gentlewomen, and a trayne of fourty
persones, poore and evill appareled, landed at Dover the xv.
daie of June, where he was nobely received, by the erle of
Devonshire, and the byshoppes of Excester, and Rochester,
and diverse Knightes and Esquiers, and so brought to Grene-
wyche: where the kyng and the Quene, standyng under
their clothes of estate, received in the greate hall of Grene-
wyche, kyng Cristerne and Quene Isabell his wife. And he
dined with the kyng, and she with the Quene, both set under

the

King Henry the VIII.

289

the clothe of estate, and were sumpteously served, of all
dilicate viandes.

And when he had sojourned there a season, every dale
feasted at the Court, he was conveighed to London, and
lodged at Bathe place, where he hearyng of the watche in
London, on sainct Peters even, desired to se it, and so was
accompaignied with the duke of Suffolk, the erles of Oxford,
Essex, and Kent, and diverse other lordes and ladies, and
brought into the kynges hed in Chepe, where the cytie of
London made to hym and his wife a costly banket. And
when he had sene the watche, he saied, I would to God I
had so many Archers, Pikes, and halberders, as I sawe this
night, then I trust I would punishe suche, as have wrong-
fully dispossessed me, of my realme and countrey. And
after he had solaced hymself in London, he resorted to
the kyng, of whom he had many great giftes, and likewise
had his wife of the Quene her aunte, and so tooke their
leave, and were conveighed to Dover. And when he had
bene in Englande xxii. dales, he toke shippyng, and sailed
again into Flaunders, praisyng muche the kyng of Englande
and his court.

Duryng all this season, and session of the parliament, the
warre was fierce, bothe betwene Englande and Fraunce, and
England and Scotlande, in so muche that eche parte, did
asmuche as in theim laie, to hurte the other. For on the
borders of Scotlande, laie the valiaunt Earle of Surrey, greate
AdmiraU of Englande, and the Marques Dorset, and his
thre brethren, sir Willyam Compton, and sir Willyam
Kyngston, with diverse other Knightes and Esquiers, sent
to theim by the kyng, whiche dayly invaded the realme of
Scotlande, and threwe doune the Castle of Wedorberne, the
castle of West Nesgate, the Castle of Blakkater, the tower
of Mackewalies, the Tower of Est Nesgate, and many other,
and brent to the nomber of xxxvii. villages, and haried the
countrey from the Este Marches to the West, and never
had skirmishe : but they often times shewed themselfes in
plumpes, waiting their avantage howbeit in all this journey,
were fewe Englishemen lost. Wherfore the Lordes per-
ceiving, that the Scottes entended not to make any armie
into Englande, fortified the frontiers on every parte, with
men and all thynges necessary for defence, for stealyng
or other small rodes. After all whiche thynges set in a

perfectnes,

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A ship
sonken with
stone in
Calice haven.

perfectnes, they returned toward the kyng, and came to the
ende of the parliament.

In this season, the Frenchemen havyng a greate desier, to
have the kynges toune of Calice, devised first to destroy the
haven, by the which thei supposed, that Calice might have
been lightly gotten, for faulte of reskewe. Whereupon
thei laded an old ship of iiii. C. tonne, with great Cane
stone, in the port of Depe, whiche ship had no mast, but
came with a foresaile, as though the mast had bene cut, and
cast over the bord in the sea in a tempest. And when she
came before Calice, every man that sawe her, thought she
had bene wether driven, and lost her mast by tempest, and
so aboute x. of the clocke at night the xxiiii. daie of May,
the saied shippe came before Calice haven, as though she
would entre for harborow, and so was enteryng and missed
the chanell, and turned to the sandes, towarde Rise- banke,
and the Frenchemen supposing, that they had bene in the
very chanell, launched out their boate, and sodainly set the
shippe on fire, and lepte into their boate, and so skaped by
the shore. When thei of Calice sawe the fire, they were
sore troubled, and at the last when the water was gone, they
perceived the ship consumed, and the goodly Cane stone
liyng whole.

Wherfore the lorde Barnes deputie of Calice, the lorde
Barkley leuetenaunt of the castle, the lorde Sandes thresorer
of Calice, and other commaunded all the labourers that^might
be gotten, to breake the remnaunt of the ship, and to cary
away the stone, and so the saied stone was brought to
Calice : wherupon the saied Capitaines sent a letter, to the
capitayn of Bulleine, by Calice pursivant at armes, desiryng
hym to geve thankes, to Monsire Lodowyke capitayn of
Depe, for the sendyng of so fayre a ship, and goodly stone
to Calice, whiche stone the saied lordes sent worde, they had
received into the toune of Calice, and that it did them muche
profite, for the fortificacion of the saied Toune, desyryng
hym to sende more, and they would receive it on the same
price. To the whiche letter, the capitain of Bulleine
aunswered, I have nothyng lost, nor they have nothyng
gotten of me, tell hym that hath lost, with whiche aunswer
the pursivant departed. Wherupon thenglishemen beyng
greved, there issued out of Calice an hundred light men of
warre, called aventurers, and came nere Bulleine, and obteined

King Henry the VIII. 291

a greate botie, wherof the garrison of BuUein being adver-
tysed, issued out and folowed the Englishemen, and sharpely
them encountered. The Englyshemen shot so, that the
French men whiche were five hundred, lighted and fought
sore, so that as it appered evidently, that there were dedde
on the ground xlvi. Frenchemen, and xxii. Englishemen,
and the Frenchemen toke xx. Englishemen prisoners, the
residue of the Englishemen kept them together, and so
came to Calice, the capitain of this enterprise was one
Lathebery.

The lorde Sandes thresorer of Calice, ^ntendyng to be
revenged on the Frenchemen, called the counsaiU of Calice
to hym, and declared to them how that the Frenchemen,
and in especiall Monsire de Bees capitain of Bullein, daily
imagened to destroye the Englishe pale, and that they on
the Englishe part, had nothyng done yet against them :
wherfore he advised them all to do some act, and he hym-
self would be present, and formoste man, and their leder
and capitain. Whereupon it was concluded and com-
maunded, that every man should bee in a readines, at the
soundyng of a trompet, upon whiche warnyng, the saied
lorde Sandes the ix. dale of July early in the mornyng, sent
furth twoo hundred lyght horses, through the Englishe pale,
to stoppe the people from goyng, the one towarde the other,
least his enterpryse should be askxied, and so the people were
kept in all that daie, and in the evenyng aboute seven of the
clocke, he hymself with a capitain called Guiot, Thomas
Palmer, Ripton, Raufe Broke and other, set forward with
light ordinaunce and vitaUe, and embattailed themselfes in
good arraie, and marched towarde Sandifelde by a xi. of the
clocke, and there refreshed themselfes, and in good ordre,
thei came to the water of Sclaukes, not farre from Bullein,
whiche was the tenth daie of July.

When they were askried Alarme was rong all the countrey,
and the capitain of BuUein sent furth Ixx. menne of Armes,
and foure hundred footemen with morice pikes, crosebowes,
and hande gunnes, wherefore capitain Guyot was sent with
hys bend of horsemen, to aide thenglyshe footemen, whiche
were farre behynde, and Capitain Ripton, was appoynted to
fyght with the Frenchemen, and Sir Thomas Palmer, and
Raufe Broke, with the remnaunt of the horsemen, stode for
a stale. Then capitain Ripton profered forwarde with the

Speres

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Speres, of Calice, and the Frenchmen came on valiauntly,
then began a sore skirmishe, the Frenche men bothe horse-
men and footemen, defended the passage at the water of
Sclaukes, whiche is but a gut made by force of lande water,
but after long fyght, the Englyshemen gat over the water by
pure force, and toke the Frenchemens standerd, and a gentel-
man, whiche was a man of Armes of Bullein, called Charles
de Marviellj and ever sir Thomas Palmer and Raufe Broke,
stode and aided where necessitie was moste. Thus this
skirmishe continued, from foure of the Clocke in the mor-
nyng, tyll ix. of the clocke, before None, and ever the
Frenchemen encreased, but at the last they retreited them-
selfes toward Bullein, in whiche returne diverse of them
were slain. Or the skirmishe was ended, came the lord
Sandes with the fotemen, with his spere on his thigh, and
his helme on hys hed, and greatly encouraged his compaignie :
duryng whiche conflict, diverse of Picardy had gathered
them together, and had taken the church of Odirsaell,
whiche was well fortefied, and a strong place : whereof the
Lorde Sandes beyng advertised, he marched thetherward,
and in the waie burned all that might be brent, and sent an
officer of Armes, to them that kept the churche of Odirsaell,
to yeld the churche to hym, which to hym aunswered, that
they would stande at defence : then he coihmaunded an
assault, which quickly was done, and the Frenchemen de-
fended them selfes, with hand gonnes, crosebowes, and
pikes, so that the Englishmen could not entre. Then the
lorde Sandes commaunded a curtail, whiche he had with
hym, to be shotte to the churche, and perced it through :
Then they within sawe that their defence could not hold,
yelded themselfes body and goodes. Out of the Churche
came Ixxii. Frenchemen, whiche were taken as prisoners,
and all the goodes whiche they had caried into the churche
were taken for a botie. Thus by one of the clocke, the
saied tenth daie of July, was the churche of Odirsaell taken.
In this while also, had the Frenchemen manned the steple
of Odyngham, whiche was a very strong tower, muche like
a castle, to whome the lorde Sandes sent an officer of armes,
to commaunde them to yelde the fortresse, to whom they
aunswered, that they were Frenchemen, and to hym they
would none yeld, and if he came thether, they would with-
stand hym : wherupon he and his armie marched thether

ward,

King Henry the VIII.

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ward, and about foure of the clocke at after none, he
assaulted the steple, and the Frenchemen themselfes
valiauntly defended, but sodainly by a chaunce unknowen,
the steple was a fire, and the Frenchemen fled doune to
the quire, then the Englishemen lightly entered the body of
the churche, and assaulted the Frenchemen, whiche cried
mercie and yelded theimselfes, and at twelve of the clocke
at midnight the assault ended, and there were yelded out of
the churche fortie prisoners.

After whiche tyme the Lorde Sandes encamped hymselfe,
and made good watche for feare of enemies, and in the mor-
nyng called to hym all the priestes, whiche were in bothe the
churches, and stode at defence, and said to them that they
ought not to be men of warre, and notwithstanding he had
theim as prisoners, yet for Gods sake he released them,
admonishyng them, that if ever after they wer taken at
defence, they should be hanged on the next galowes : after
whiche monicion done, he delivered them frely.

About viii. of the clocke in the morning, he marched
forward in good ordre of battaill, and came to the Castle of
Hardyngham, the whiche he brent and spoyled, and so the
xi. daie of July, he and his compaignie whiche passed not xii.
C. men, of whiche he had lost but onely xii. returned to
Calice with greate store of bestiall and pillage.

This same season, the Frenche kyng sent an armie of xviii.
M. men, towardes the parties of Flaunders, whiche secretly
enterprysed to take a place called Newdike, whiche is a strong
passage, betwene Fraunce and Flaunders, kept by the Flem-
ynges, wherof they beyng advertised, arreised a greate power
of xiii. M. and came to the passage, and slewe of the Frenche-
men vi. C. then the Frenche men reculed, and severed theim-
selfes : some went to Mount Orry, and some to sainct Omers
and some brent the subbarbes, they within Mount Orry de-
fended themselfes, and hurte the capitain of BuUeine, called
Monsire de Bees, and slew his horse : wherfore the French-
men went thence, and brent a village called Arkus : thus
was all the frountiers full of Frenchemen, insomuche that in
the monethe of Auguste, they bette into the toune of Guisnes,
the scourers and the scoute watche, whereof began Alarme,
and the Frenchemen whiche were many in nombre, a lighted
as though they would geve assaut maintenant, and fiersly
proffered toward the diche, but when the ordinaunce began

once

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once to shote, it was no nede to bid theim go. Then the
Englishemen coragiously folowed the chace, but sodainly
out came an embushement of Frenchemen, and toke twoo
Englishemen, and thus all the armie of Fraunce, removed
to Gyngate beside Tyrwyn.

The Frenche kyng seing the kyng of England, daily
more and more encoraged to make warre on him and his
dominions, and that the Scottes did nothyng to his pleasure,
for lacke of the Duke Jhon of Albany, whom the Scottes
called their governor. He therfore caused great preparacion
to be made, on all parties for men, shippes, harnes, and
artilery, for the sendyng of the duke Jhon of Albany into
Scotlande, which duke of a greate presumpcion promised to
the Frenche kyng, to drive the kyng of Englande out of
his realme, whiche promise was not kept.

The kyng of Englande, hearyng that the Duke of Albany,
should passe into Englande, to make warre on his realme
thought to have hym met on the seas, and therfore he pre-
pared, a flete of tal and strong shippes mete to encounter with
the saied Duke and his power, and made Admirall of that
journey, sir Willyam Fitzwilliam, and with hym sir Fraunces
Brian, sir Anthony Pounez, Serjant Rot, Jhon Hopton, Will-
yam Gonstone, Anthony Knivet, Thomas West and other,
whiche with greate diligence, laie in waite to mete with the
said duke of Albany, and as they sailed on the Frenche
coast, they determined to lande, to doo some harme to Trey
Port, and as they hovered there, thei were espied : then the
capitain of the toune fired the beakens, sent for aide of al the
fortresses about and strengthed and manned the toune very
warlike. This notwithstandyng, sir Willyam FitzwiUyam
and other capitaines, left not their enterprice, and so the
xxiii. dale of August beyng Sondaye, at seven of the clocke
in the mornyng, they toke lande in the haven of Treyport,
at whom the Frenchemen shot out ordinaunce, quarelles and
stones, the Englysh men in the botes shot likewise, and
encoraged by their capitaines, assauted the Frenchemen in
their bulwerkes, the Frenchemen them valiauntly defended,
and thenglishe capitaines as men without fere, theim assailed
and yet the nomber was nothyng egall, for the Englishemen
were but vii. C. men, and the Frenchemen vi. M. For the
well fightyng of the Frenchmen, their bulwerkes were taken,
and their ordinaunce sezed, and all that were about, fled to the

toune

King Henry the VIII.

2-95

toune of Treiport, and ever thenglishmen folowed shotyng
arowes at them, and sleyng them, in whiche skirmishe Serjant
Rotte had his bowe in his hande striken with a Gonne. Then
the capitaines cried sainct George, to the gates of Trey port,
then every man avaunced forward, and as they were goyng,
Cristopher Morres master Gonner, espied a pece of a Maste,
whiche he caused to bee taken up, and then Anthony Knevet,
and Fraunces Neudigate with their men, ranne with the saied
maste to the gate, but the gate was so strong, that it could
not be broken : and also at every loupe laie a pece of ordi-
naunce, whiche continually shot at the Englishemen, whiche
caused theim to leave the gate, and then they sette fyre in the
subbarbes, whiche was a fayre strete, and all was brent, and
while the subbarbes brent, the Englishmen went to the
haven, and would have had out the shippes, but water
lacked, wherfore they set fyre on theim, and brent there
seven faire shyppes beside other. All this while was there
skirmishyng at the gates, and muche murder on bothe sides,
for the Frenchemen in fliyng from their bulwerkes to the
toune, lostlxxx. persones, and many were hurte with arrowes.
The men of the countrey came thether stil, in somuche
as the nomber became very great, whiche sir Willyam Fitz
Willyam perceiving, caused his trompet to blowe a retrete,
and with suche prysoners, pillage, and ordinaunce as they had
gotten, they returned to their boates, and the capitaines sent
their souldiers before, the Frenchemen perceiving the Eng-
lishemen returned, issued out and founde on lande, Fraunces
Neudigate, Thomas Wagham, Serjant Rotte, and other Capi-
taines to the nomber of twelve, and ran hastely toward theim
in great nomber, which perceiving that, bended themselfes
to sell their lives dere : sir Willyam Fitz William per-
ceiving the great jeoperdy that they were in, turned hys
boate toward the lande, and discharged his ordinaunce, and
with muche paine saved these gentelmen, and them toke into
boates, notwithstanding a great nomber of Frenchemen,
which were in the water to let him : and thus the whole
armie returned to their shippes, after they had bene v.
houres on land, and brought with them xxvii. peces of faire
ordinaunce, whiche were in the bulwarkes, and lost of their
men not fully xx. persones, and then every capitaine toke his
awne ship, and coasted the seas, ever lokyng for the duke of
Albany, but hard no tidynges of hym.

In

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Jorney of
the duke of
SufFolke.

In the Parliament (as you have hard) it was concluded,
that the kyng of necessitie, muste nedes make strong warre
on the realme of Fraunce, wherfore the noble Charles duke
of SufFolke, was appoynted as Capitain generall, to passe
with an armie royall into Fraunce, in the ende of August,
whiche with all diligence, prepared all thynges necessary, for
suche a royal enterpryce, and for the furniture of this armie,
there were appoynted to geve their attendaunce on hym, the
Lorde Montacute, and syr Arthur Pole his brother, the lorde
Herbert sonne to the erle of Worcester, the lorde Ferreis,
the lorde Marney, the lorde Sandes, the lorde Barkeley, the
lorde Powes, and Baron Curson, and of knightes, sir Richarde
Wyngfelde, Chauncellor of the Duchie of Lancaster, Sir Jhon
Veer, sir Edward Nevell, sir Willyam Kyngston, syr Richard
Weston, sir Andrew Wynsore, sir Robert Wyngfeld, sir
Anthony Wyngfeld, sir Edward Guyldford, sir Edward
Gryvell, sir Edward Chambei-lein, sir Thomas Luce, syr
Everard Dighby, syr Adrian Foscew, syr Willyam Skeving-
ton master of the ordinaunce, sir Thomas Cheiney, sir Richard
Cornwell, syr William Cortney, sir Willyam Sidney, sir Henry
Owen al these lordes and knightes, with many other knightes
and coragious Esquiers, and active gentlemen, came accord-
ing to the kynges commaundement at last, with all their
people and retinue to Dover, wher thei mustered at severall
times, as thei passed to the sea, and so the nombre taken,
that is to sale, of dimy Lances vi. C, of archers on horse-
backe twoo C, of Archers on foote three M., of bill men five
M., of pioners and laborers ii. M. vi. C, and when the viewe
was taken on the other side of the sea, there were adjoyned
to this nomber xvii. C. whiche might be spared out of the
fortresses, and crewes of Hams, Guysnes, and Calice, so
that al the army wer xiii. M. and an C. well harnesed, and
appareled for the warre, the pioners onely excepte : but the
duke himself arrived at Calice the xxiiii. of August, with his
retinue and counsaill, abiding the armye, and caused all
thynges, as vitaill and other, to be prepared for the same.

Muche commonyng was in Englande, whether this army
should go because that no man, except a fewe, knew the
secretnes : some said to BuUein, some to Paris, and so every
man judged, accordyng to his awne opinion, as the common
use is.

In this season, because the mortalitie was greate in Calice,

the

314

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A great frost.

to declare all the case as it stode and their necessitie accord-
yng as he hym selfe knew and saw in all pointes : whiche
lorde Sandes tooke great paine and made good diligence
toward the kyng, and while he was ridyng, the duke
removed his armye to a place called Permount and there
lodged for a tyme to rest, and the army was well vitailed,
but ever the Welshemen muttered and grudged more and

more.

After the great raynes and wyndes that had fallen, came
a fervent frost so sore that many a souldier dyed for coulde,
some lost fyngers and some toes, but many lost their nayles
of their handes, whiche was to them a great grefe. The
duke all this notwithstandyng remembryng that he came
not thither to lye styl, the xiii. day removed to a place two
myle from the castle of Bowhen and still it frised, insomuche
that the master of the Ordinaunce was compelled of neces-
sitie to set the wheles of his ordinaunce on hardies for sink-
yng. In the mornyng the Welshemen set out a shout and
cryed, home, home, the Krekers hearyng that, cryed hang,
hang. For whiche matter devysion was like to have fallen,
but by policie it was ceased. Sir Edward Gyldford capitaine
of the horsmen vewed the castle of Bowhen or Boghan,
whiche ever was thought to be impregnable, but he
judged it might be wonne, for the castle was invironed
with Marryses, so that to no mans judgement it was
possible to wynne it : But nowe he perceived that the frost
was so great and strong that it might be beseaged, and
all that night it fresed agayne : wherfore he desired the
Duke to geve hym leave to assaute it whiche thereto agreed.
Then he caused the ordinaunce to be set furth over the
marrish. When they within the castle perceived that the
marrishe fayled theim, they were sore dismayed. Then sir
Edward Guildeford shot thre great pieces at the castle, and
the castilian shot thre pieces agayne. Then as the Englishe
gunners wer preparing to the battery, the capitain seyng his
castle could not hold, by reason that the marishe failed, and
that he coulde defende none assault, delivered the castle to
him to the behofe of the Emperor and the kyng of Englande,
and after a small communicacion had betwene the sayed sir
Edwarde Guylforde and the capitaine, the capitaine with
all his retinug departed levyng behynd the ordinaunce of
bombardes, curtawes, and demycourtaux, slinges, cannons,

volgers,

King Henry the VIII.

3^5

volgers, and other ordinaunce, there were Ixxvi. pieces,
plentie of pellettes and pouder. The duke of SufFolke per-
ceivynge that this castle stode on the border of Henaude :
Wherfore the more to please the Henawders he made capi-
taine of the same castle of Boghan the Seneshall of Henaude,
to the behofe of the Emperor and the kyng of England. In
this place the army was evill vitailed, because the Frenche-
men had stopped the water of Some, that no vitaile should
passe over the river : wherfore the Duke sent to them of
Henaude and specially to theim of Valencien to have ayde
of vitaile, which of their litle sent to the army a litle, but yet
it dyd them some service, and all this while the fervent frost
with bitter windes continued, which caused many people
to dye : yet still lay the army abidyng the answer of the
lord SandeSj whiche as you have heard rode in post and
somuche travailed that he came to the kyng of England
to his castle of Wyndsore and there declared to the kynge
his message, whiche was that his people whiche wer in the
Frenche ground abode much misery, for the wether was
wet, the wayes depe, long nightes and short dayes great
jorneys and litle vitaile, which caused the souldiers daily to
dye. Also they trusted when they passed the seas accord-
yng to their instruccions to have had ayde of the Duke of
Burbon (of whom sith their departyng they never heard
worde) wherfore the Duke of SufFolke and other nobles of
youre army have sent me to your highnes to declare their
state and condicion, their good will to tary, and the evil
chaunces which daily happeneth to them by God and not
by their enemies. Well sayd the kyng, all this we knewe
before your commyng : wherfore we have appointed the
lorde Mountjoy with vi. M. men to passe the seas for
the relefe of our army, whiche lorde Mountjoy is almost
in a redynes : For we will in no wise that the army shall
breake.

Then the kyng came to Westminster to the Cardinals
place and there received letters from the duke of Suffolke
by sir Robert Jernyngham of the gettyng of the castle of
Boghan or Bowen : wherfore incontinent it was by the kyng
and his counsaill determined that the lord Mountjoy shoulde
make spede, whiche did suche diligence that many of his
souldiers were come to London well harnissed and weponed
redy to passe the seas. Wherfore the kyng sent in all hast

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sir

3i6

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sir Robert Jernyngham again to declare to the duke the
kinges pleasure and what ayde was commyng towarde him.
But or sir Robert Jernyngham could come to the duke the
armye was removed from Boghan and brent the toune, and
so came to the citie of Valencine in Henaude, and there
layde up their ordinaunce and from thence came to the citie
of Turnay (whiehe then was under the Emperor and out
of the Frenche kynges handes) and so toke their jornay
homewarde thorow Flaunders and the army there broken
and dispatched. But when the duke mette with sir Robert
Jernyngham at Bridges in Flaunders and knewe the kynges
mynde and entent, he did what he might to retreate the
souldiers, whiehe could not be, for many Englishemen shipped
at Andwarpe, and many at Sluyes, and at Newport and other
havens, and they that were at Calayce were steyed for a
tyme, but when the Duke sawe that he coulde not bryng all
his army together scacely the iiii. part, he then licensed the
remnaunt to depart. Of this breakyng up of the armye
were letters sent to the kyng, which incontinent stopped the
lorde IVIountjoy and sent his men into the countrey againe.
The Duke and other capitaines hearyng of the kynges dis-
pleasure, were sore abashed, and did write to their frendes
that they had perfite knowlege that the Duke of Burbon
had broken up his campe for the extremitie of the Wynter,
and also shewed that their souldiers dyed, and vitaill failid,
whiehe caused them to breke the army, for of truth the
souldiers would not abide : with which reasons the kyng
was somwhat appeased' and so on good hope the duke came
to Calayce the xii. day of December, and there abode long,
till their frendes had sued to the kyng for their returne.
And when it was graunted and that they were returned, the
Duke and the capitaines came not to the kynges presence
in a long season, to their great heavynes and displeasure :
But at the laste all thinges were taken in good part and they
well received and in great love, favor, and familiaritie wyth
the kyng.

Whyle the Duke of SufFolke was in Fraunce and the
Earle of Surrey on the Marches of Scotland, the Cardinall
sent out commissions in the moneth of October through the
realme, that every man that was worth xl.t. should pay the
whole subsidie before graunted out of hand and before the
dayes of payment. This payment was called an Anticipa-

cion.

King Henry the VIII.

317

cion, which is to say, a thing taken or a thing commyng
before his time or season : This terme was new to the
cominaltie, but they payd wel for their learnyng, for their
money was paied out of hand without delay.

The kynge this yere kept his Christmas solempnely at
his castle of Wyndsore and thither came to him the third
day of Januarye the erle Pountiver of the royal bloud of
Brytaigne and pretendyng to be duke of the same, whiche
was nere cosyn to the duke of Burbon and bannished
Fraunce. This erle came hastely from the duke of Burbon
and was well entertained and feasted of the kyng, and after
answere made to him by the kyng, he went to the Cardinal
to Hampton court, and so with great spede returned to the
sayd duke into the countrey of Province.

In the same season was brought to the court a gentleman
of Scotland called Andrew Stewart taken on the sea with
divers letters by one Water Jago a yoman of the kynges,
with divers letters from the duke of Albany to the Frenche
kyng, by reason wherof the kyng knew muche of their
counsaill. This Gentleman payed raunsome and was very
sone redemed.

The xix. day of January vi. fayre shippes of Fraunce well
appointed, mette with a shippe of the kynges of England
called the Kateryne Galley a shippe of xl. tonne, the capitain
wherof was one Jhon Mariner, with a small company, for
many of his company were a lande : But he so encoraged
his menne that all feare was set aside, and ever as the
Frenchemen approched, they bet them of with arrowes,
pykes, and fightyng, and styll this continued from iiii. of
the clocke in the mornyng tyll ix. of the clocke, and ever
on the coste of England, and the Englishmen dyd the best
they could to save themselfes : For by that tyme she had
spent her pouder, arrowes with shotyng, and her bylles with
hewyng, and her pykes with kepyng them of from com-
myng aborde, and aU the company almost sore hurte, and
the capitaine wounded to the death, so that they had no
other remedy but to fayle. This chace was perceived by one
called capitain Markham, capitain of the barke of Sandwyche,
which manfully called his men together out of Sandwyche
haven and with good wynd came to reskue the Kateryne
Galley. The vi, shippes perceivyng that, left their chace
and made with the Barke of Sandwyche. The capitaine

coragiously

THE XV.
YERE

[1523-24]

An Anticipa-
cion.

3i8

King Henry the VIII.

THE XV.
YERE

[1523-24]

An insurrec-
cion moved
at Coventry.

coragiously comforted his men and made the quarters of his
ship defensable. The Frenchmen sette on fiersly, and their
toppes were higher then the toppe of the Englishe ship.
Out went the ordinaunce, quarels and dartes of the Frenche
shippes : the Englishmen shot fiersly agayne and when the
Frenchemen profered to enter, the Englishmen bet them of
with bylles. The Frenchemen at last with a great gunne
bet doune the toppe of the barke and slewe the men in the
same, and lastly thei strake doune his Mast. This conflict
continued from x. of the clocke tyll two at after noone.
Then he could make no shift, but to faile : and ever the
Englishmen shot arrowes, and while thenglishmen had any
arrowes the Frenchemen durst not enter : But when theyr
arrowes were spent, the Frenchemen came aborde all at
ones and entred the barke. In thys fight were slaine of
Frenchmen out of hand xxvii. and Ixxx. sore hurt, and of
the Englishe were slaine xxiii. What shoulde I saye, the
Englishemen fought valiauntly, but they were to weake for
vi. tall shippes. Wherfore they were taken and brought
to Depe for a prise, but the Frenchemen sayd they never
bought prise so dere. After this Jhon Maryner capitaine of
the Kateryne galey dyed, and many Frenchemen that wer
hurt dyed at Depe, so that neither part wanne greatly.

In the last moneth called December were taken certain
traytors in the citie of Coventry, one called Fraunces Philippe
scholemaster to the kynges Henxmen, and one Christopher
Pykeryng clerke of the Larder, and one Antony Maynvile
gentleman, which by the persuasion of the sayd Fraunces
Philip, entended to have taken the kynges treasure of his
subsidie as the Collectors of the same came towarde London,
and then to have araised men and taken the castle of Kyling-
worth, and then to have made battaile against the kyng :
wherfore the sayd Fraunces, Christopher and Anthony wer
hanged, drawen, and quartered at Tyborne the xi. day of
Februarye, the residue that were .taken, were sent to the
citie of Coventry and there wer executed. One of the
kynges Henxmen called Dygby which was one of the con-
spirators fled the realme, and after had his pardon.

The xvii. day of January there was a Fayer or market at the
toune of Marguyson in the French kynges dominions beside
Calayce, and for defence of the people and their marchaun-
dise, there wer appointed CC. men in harnes wel weaponed :

The

King Henry the VIII.

319

The souldiers of Guysnes hearyng of this, departed in the
night and came nere to the toune of Marguyson and closly
kept themselfes tyll the Market was fayre and at the best,
then the Englishmen which wer Ixx. archers and bylles,
set sodainly on the Market, that seyng the Frenchemen
stode manfully at their defence with handgunnes and pykes,
but the Englishmen shotte so wholy together that they drave
the Frenchmen out of the toune, and would for succors have
taken the Churche, but the Englishemen were betwene theim
and the Churche, so that thei had none other remedye but
to flee and many Frenchmen were slaine. Capitain Jhon de
Pound, and capitain Jhon de Babage and divers other were
taken prisoners, and divers marchauntes that were there to
sell their goodes were also taken, and all their goodes brought
in Frenchemennes wagons to Guysnes and on Englishman
slaine but divers were sore hurt.

The fyrst day of February the valiant knight sir Robert
Jernyngham and with him fifty demylaunces of the ga,rrison
of Calayce skoured the countrey to Odirsael and there toke
a C. hedde of beastes, by that doyng an askry rose through
the countrey, wherby the Frenchmen gathered together to
the nomber of xii. score, and or Sir Robert and his com-
pany came to Houndyngbrige they were beset round about,
so that of necessitie thei must fight, the Fren'chmen set on
with handgunnes, crosbowes and pykes, and for a while there
was a strong encountre, but the Englishemen as menne
desperate (because of the nomber) fought so fiersly that
they caused the Frenchmen to geve backe and slewe many
of them and toke xiii. prisoners, and in the chace they toke
vii. more which made up xx. Then the sayd sir Robert
returned with his botie and prisoners and lost noman, but
almoste all were hurt.

The x. day of Marche the kyng havyng a newe harnes
made of his owne devise and fashion, suche as no armorer
before that tyme had seen, thought to assaye the same at the
tilte, and appointed a Justes to serve him. On fote were
appointed the lorde Marques Dorset and the Earle of Surrey,
the kyng came to the one ende of the tylt, and the Duke of
Suflblke to the other : then a gentleman sayd to the Duke,
sir the kyng is come to the tyltes ende. I see him not sayd
the Duke on my fayth, for my head piece taketh from me
my sight : with these wordes God knoweth by what chaunce,

the

THE XV.
YERE

[1523-24]

320

King Henry the VIII.

THE XV.
YERE

[1523-24]
The jeoperdy
that the
kynge was in
at a Justes.

the Kyng had his spere delivered him by the Lorde Marques,
the viser of his headpece beyng up and not doune nor
fastened, so that his face was clene naked. Then the gentle-
man sayd to the duke, sir the kyng commeth, then the duke
set forward and charged his spere, and the kyng likewise
unadvisedly set toward the duke : the people perceivyng the
kinges face bare, cryed hold, hold, the duke neither saw nor
heard, and whether the kyng remembred that his viser was
up or no few could tell : Alas what sorow was it to the people
when they saw the spleters of the dukes spere strike on the
kynges hedpiece : For of a suertie the duke strake the king
on the brow right under the defence of the hedpece on the
very coyffe scull or bassenetpece where unto the barbet for
power and defence is charneld, to whiche coyfFe or bassenet
never armorer taketh hede, for it is evermore covered with
the viser, barbet and volant pece, and so that pece is so
defended that it forseth of no charge : But when the spere
on that place lighted, it was great jeopardy of death inso-
muche that the face was bare, for the Dukes spere broke all
to shyvers, and bare the kynges viser or barbet so farre
backe by the countre bufFe that all the kynges headpece was
full of spleters. The Armorers for this matter were muche
blamed, and so was the lord Marques for the deliveryng of
the spere when his face was open, but the kyng sayd that
none was to blame but himself, for he entended to have
sayed him selfe and his sight. The duke incontinently
unarmed him, and came to the kyng, shewyng hym the
closenes of his sight, and sware that he would never runne
against the kyng more : But yf the kynge had been a lytle
hurte, the kynges servauntes woulde have put the Duke in
jeopardy. Then the kynge called his Armorers and put all
his peces together and then toke a spere and ranne vi.
courses very well, by the which all men might perceive that
he had no hurt, whiche was great joy and comfort to all his
subjectes there present.

In the ende of Februarye foure Frenche shippes chased
the Fysher botes of Rye to the verye shore, and when the
fludde was gone, would have taken the botes and came a
lond with pikes, but the fishers threw stones, and one archer
shotte and slewe a Frencheman whiche helde up a basket
and bad shote Englisheman shote, and the Englisheman shot
through the basket and slewe him, and so they saved their

botes.

King Henry the VIII.

321

botes, and when the fludde came, the Frenchemen sette up
their sailes, and as thei were passyng, the Englishemen of
warre mette with theim and tooke two of the sayd shippes,
and the other two fled.

In this yere the kynge sent the Lorde Morlay sir Wyllyam
Hosy knight and doctor Lee his Almoner to Done Ferdin-
ando archduke of Austrice and brother to the Emperour
Charles with the order of the Garter which in the toune
of Norryngberge received the same, where then were all
the princes of Germanye assembled at a counsell or Dyet,
against the byshoppe of Rome, against whom the Germaynes
put a C. greves.

The xiii. day of Aprill one Capitain Breerton one of the
capitaines of the aventurers at Guysnes with xvi. tall men
came to a village called Waste and there toke a bootie of
beastes, by whiche takynge an askry rose, and by chaunce
certain of the garrison of Bulleyn were then abrode and by
the cry of the people came where the Englishmen were, the
Frenchmen wer CC. horsmen and with great cryes environed
the Englishemen about, so that the Englishemen coulde make
no defence. Then capitain Brearton called to the capitain
of the Frenchemen and sayd, sir I am a gentleman and this
enterprice was myne, I have brought these good felowes to
this jeopardy, wherfore we yelde us al prisoners to you, and
so thei delivered their weapons, the capitain was a gentleman
and gently them received, then to the men of warre drewe
all the peisantz or chorles of the countrey nye hand to the
nomber of vii. or viii. score, whiche desired to bye the
Enghshmen that wer taken, the Frenchmen were content
and toke money, then the Englishmen were delivered to the
uplandishe people, and the men of warre rode away.

When the menne of warre wer departed the rybaudes
with pykes, javelyne, and knyves, fell on the Englishemen
whiche had no weapon and them slewe all xvii. and cutte
them in pieces the moste shamefully that ever was sene.

When knowlege thereof was brought to the capitain of
Guisnes sir Jhon Gage, he sent for the aventurers willyng
theim to revenge their capitaines death. So all the adventurers
the xiiii. day gathered together to the nomber of xl. archers
and pykes, and by good guide the next day in the mornyng
they came to the same village of Wast and there toke xxxvii.
prisoners and moste part were at the murder of Brearton

and

VOL. I.

THE XV.
YERE

[1523-24]

Capitaine

Brearton

murdered.

2 S

322

King Henry the VIII.

THE XV.
YERE

[1523-24]

The murder
revenged.

Bolton prior
of sainct
Bartholo-
mewes.

and his company, and of the xxxvii. they slew xxxvi. and so
they left one and caried him with them, but or they departed
they set the toune on fyer and spared nothyng, their ire was
so great : the menne of warre of Fraunce costed the English-
men, but they would not medle with them in that rage.

When they came to Guysnes they sware the Frencheman
that was left on live to declare their message to the capitaine
of BuUein, whiche was that after that day they would save
neither man, woman nor child that came to their handes for
the.great crueltie that the peysantz had done to capitaine
Brearton and his company, with whiche message the French-
men were discontent and sayd that the villaynes deserved to
have vengeaunce for their crueltie.

In this yere through bookes of Emphimerydes and Pro-
nosticacions made and calculate by Astronomers, the people
were sore afFrayd for the sayd writers declared that this yere
should be suche Eclipses in watery signes, and suche con-
junction that by waters and fluddes many people shoulde
perishe, Insomuche that many persones vitailed them selfes
and went to high groundes for feare of drounyng, and
specially one Bolton which was Prior of saint Bartholo-
mewes in Smythfeld builded him an house upon Harow of
the hill, only for feare of this flud, and thether he went and
made provision for all thinges necessarye within him, for the
space of two monethes : But the faythfuU people put their
trust and confidence onely in God. And this raine was by
the wryters pronosticate to be in February, wherfore when
it began to raine in February the people wer much afrayd,
and some sayd now it beginneth, but many wisemen whiche
thought that the worlde coulde not be drouned againe, con-
trary to Goddes promise, put their truste in him onely, but
because thei thought that some great raines might fall by
enclinacions of the starres, and that water milles might
stande styll and not grinde, they provided for meale, and
yet God be thanked ther was not a fairer season in many
yeres, and at the last the Astronomers for their excuse said
that in their computacion they had mistaken and miscounted
in their nomber an hundreth yeres.

The Emperor Charles which also was enemy to the French
kyng, seyng the great army that the kyng of England his
ponfederate had in Fraunce, thought it was to him honorable
to make warre also on that part of Fraunce that joyneth to

Spain,

King Henry the VIII.

3^3

Spain, and in especially he imagined how to recover the
toune of Fountraby, whiche the Frenchmen before that tyme
had gotten : wherfore he assembled a great puissaunce and
made capitain the lorde Barnardine de Belasco Constable of
Castyle, which with great diligence came before the toune of
Fountraby whyche was strongly fortefied and the capitain
therof was a Naveroys : but when the capitaine and his
compaigny sawe the toune besieged with suche a puissaunce,
and also that the sea was so narowly kept that they coulde
not have vitail nor succour, they determined to geve up
the toune : but yet the capitaine of a high stomacke shotte
out his ordinaunce and sent his trompet to the capitain of the
Spanyardes to knowe what prisoners he had of his, and for
the communicacion thereof he desired abstinence of warre
tyll he had communed with the counsail of the Spanish host,
whiche to him was graunted. Then was communicacion for
five dayes and nothyng ended, for the Spanyardes were haute
on the one syde, and the Frenchmen proude on the other
syde, but on the vi. daye it was concluded that the toune
shoulde be delivered with ordinaunce and artillery and all
the men of warre to depart wyth bagge and baggage, and so
the xxvii. daye of February was the toune of Fountrabye
brought againe to the handes of the Emperor, and he that
was capitaine of Fountraby was afterwarde restored to his
landes in Naver by the Emperor and became his man.

The bishop of Rome called Pope Clement seyng the great
warres that were this yere on all parties and in especial
betwene the Emperor and the kyng of England on the one
partie against Fraunces the Frenche kyng and his alyes, sent
an archebishop of the realme of Naples fyrste to the French
kynge, and after to the Emperor, whiche declared to the
Frenche kyng the manyfolde mischiefes that ryse by warre,
the great stroke of vengeaunce that God will strike for
unjuste warre and specially for the death of innocentes and
effusion of christen bloude, and shewed farther that the sayd
Frenche kyng made daily warre on the Emperor and the
kyng of England without cause, but onely because he him-
selfe would do no right to them nor to their subjectes.

The Frenche kyng after counsaiU taken answered, my
lord Legate we assure you that we make no warre, but
warre is made on us, and we stande at the defence, notwith-
standyng our right is kept from us both the duchy of

Myllain

THE XV.
YERE

[1523-24]

3M

King Henry the VIII.

THE XV.
YERE

[1523-24]

Myllain and realme of Naples by the Emperor and the
usurped duke, to the whiche we have good title, and the
kynge of England warreth on us without cause, notwith-
standing that we have geven him and many lordes of his
counsaill divers fayre pencions, not because we be afrayed of
him, but because we woulde have his love and amitie, and
when we perceived that he toke part with the Emperor our
mortaU enemy, we withdrewe our pencions as with right we
might, and now with all his power he would conquere our
good wiU, whiche is against reason, and we clayme nothing
of him. Well sayed the ambassador, I wyll speake fyrst
wyth the Emperor and after with the kyng of England, and
then I will declare to you their rightes and demaundes, with
whiche the Frenche kyng semed to be content.

Then the sayd ambassadour tooke his leave and in poste
came to the Emperor in Spaine, and there exhorted him to
peace with many goodly reasons, affirmyng that the warre
was unjust and without reasonable cause made on the Frenche
kyng as the sayd kyng affirmed. Then the Emperor like
a noble prince answered, that the warres were never of his
beginnyng : For the Frenche kynge or he wyst had taken
the toune of Fountraby, and also had sent an army to
conquere the realme of Naverne, and not with this contented,
reteyned the Swyches which be the Emperors subjectes and
caused them to be enemies to thempyre, and he also with
helde the duchy of haut Burgoyne, and the countie of
Arthoys with divers other countrys and seignories belong-
yng to hym : Wherfore his quarel was alway just, and
because the college of Rome should perceive the whole
cause of his warres, he delivered to the sayd ambassador
a scedule, with whiche he departed, refusynge all gyftes which
the Emperor offered him, and came againe to the Frenche
kyng and rehersed to him all the Emperors saiyng, but the
French kyng him selfe highly excused and sayd that he
might not lese that his predecessors left him, and so the
byshop of Romes ambassodor toke his leave and came into
England.

After this Legate was departed from the Emperors court,
ther came thither an Ambassador from Portyngale, whiche
highly behaved him selfe, and when he came to the Emperors
speche, he proudly sayd : Sir you that are the greatest prince
of Christendome ought above all men to do justice and

right,

King Henry the VIII.

325

right, and to do wrong to no man, and where it is well
knowen that by the labor, studye, and learnyng in Cosmo-
graphy and Astronomy of us only Portingales, the trade to
the parties of Inde or Indias were fyrst sought and found,
and the fyrst labor in that behalfe was ours and the great
innumerable riches whiche was spent for the searchyng and
findyng of the same, was employed and spent by the kyng
of Portyngale and his progenitors, by whych travaill we have
wonne straung landes, wherby all Christendome is greatly
enriched with Juels, stones, and perles and other straung
commodities. How can it then be thought just or righteous
that any other persone should take from us that commoditie
that we have so derely bought ? Yet most puissant lorde
and mightie Emperor, your subjectes daily travaill thither
and wrong fuUy take away our gayne, whiche never labored
nor toke pain for the findyng or serching of the same, wher-
fore of justice you muste commaunde your subjectes not
alonely to leve their trade thitherwarde, but also to make
to us Portyngales a sufficient recompence for the harmes
that we have susteined.

When the Ambassador had sayed, after a lytle deliberacion
the Emperor answered. The very povertie of your countrey
of Portyngale is suche, that of your selfes you be not able
to live, wherfore of necessitie you were driven to seke livyng,
for landes of princes you were not able to purchase, and
lande of lordes you were not able to conquere. Wherfore
on the sea you were compelled to seke that whiche was not
found : And wher you say that you have found landes, I say
those landes found you by shipwrekes of the sea beyng cast
thereon before you thought of any such ground, and so
sought farther for succours in necessitie, yet they say not
that you have them wonne, but they have wonne you. And
where you would that our subjectes should not repare thither,
we ascertaine you that no man shal prohibite our subjectes
to saile where they lyst for their avauntage. For our
subjectes may be warned no place by them with whom I
have peace and amitie : for he is mine enemy and no frend
that letteth my libertie : Well sayd the ambassador, and
we wil let your subjectes to passe thither. Nay sayd the
Emperor, we wil not trye so farre for I am able to disturbe
your doynges nerer hande. But for a suertie you Portyn-
gales be enemies to all Christendome, for to the Indyans you

cary

THE XV.
YERE

[1523-24]

The proposi-
cion of a
Portingale.

The

Emperors

answer.

326

King Henry the VIII.

THE XV.
YERE

[1523-24]

cary nothyng but coyne, whiche is hurt to all countreys,
wherefore at this time you may depart, till you be better
advysed. After this answere geven to the Portyngales, they
oflfered great summes of money to the Emperor to leave hys
trade into the Indyans, but he therto in nowyse woulde
agree.

END OF THE XV. YEAR.

Printed by T. and A, Constable, Printers to His Majesty
at the Edinburgh University Press